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Browse the failure-mode index

21,222 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Phylogenomic resolution of order- and family-level monocot relationships using 602 single-copy nuclear genes and 1375 BUSCO genes

Prakash Raj Timilsena, Eric Wafula, Craig F. Barrett et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Plant Science

We assess relationships among 192 species in all 12 monocot orders and 72 of 77 families, using 602 conserved single-copy (CSC) genes and 1375 benchmarking single-copy ortholog (BUSCO) genes extracted from genomic and transcriptomic datasets. Phylogenomic inferences based on these data, using both coalescent-based and supermatrix analyses, are largely congruent with the most comprehensive plastome-based analysis, and nuclear-gene phylogenomic analyses with less comprehensive taxon sampling. The strongest discordance between the plastome and nuclear gene analyses is the monophyly of a clade com

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Association of substance dependence phenotypes in the COGA sample

Leah Wetherill, Arpana Agrawal, Manav Kapoor et al. · 2014 · Addiction Biology

Alcohol and drug use disorders are individually heritable (50%). Twin studies indicate that alcohol and substance use disorders share common genetic influences, and therefore may represent a more heritable form of addiction and thus be…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Characterisation of age and polarity at onset in bipolar disorder

János Kálmán, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Annabel Vreeker et al. · 2021 · The British Journal of Psychiatry

BACKGROUND: Studying phenotypic and genetic characteristics of age at onset (AAO) and polarity at onset (PAO) in bipolar disorder can provide new insights into disease pathology and facilitate the development of screening tools. AIMS: To examine the genetic architecture of AAO and PAO and their association with bipolar disorder disease characteristics. METHOD: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic score (PGS) analyses of AAO (n = 12 977) and PAO (n = 6773) were conducted in patients with bipolar disorder from 34 cohorts and a replication sample (n = 2237). The association of on

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Rapid Accumulation of Virulent Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mice from an Attenuated Virus Carrying a Single Nucleotide Substitution in the M RNA

John C. Morrill, Tetsuro Ikegami, Naoko Yoshikawa-Iwata et al. · 2010 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the genus Phlebovirus within the family Bunyaviridae, is a negative-stranded RNA virus with a tripartite genome. RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes fever and severe hemorrhagic illness among humans, while in livestock it causes fever and high abortion rates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sequence analysis showed that a wild-type RVFV ZH501 preparation consisted of two major viral subpopulations, with a single nucleotide heterogeneity at nucleotide 847 of M segment (M847); one had a G residue at M847 encoding glycine in a major

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

A test of the micro‐expressions training tool: Does it improve lie detection?

Sarah Jordan, Laure Brimbal, David B. Wallace et al. · 2019 · Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the micro‐expressions training tool (METT) in identifying and using micro‐expressions to improve lie detection. Participants ( n = 90) were randomly assigned to receive…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

A Causality Analysis of Coal Consumption and Economic Growth for China and India

Jinke Li, Zhongxue Li · 2011 · Natural Resources

China and India are the two countries with the strongest economic growth in the world. Meanwhile they consume much of the global coal to fuel their economic development. With coal burning as a major factor contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions, China and India are confronted with a dilemma of economic growth and environment protection. Will coal consumption reduction cause economic shocks? Is there a causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in China and India? In this paper Granger causality tests were used to examine the relationship between coal consumption

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

The significant effect of the medial hamstrings on dynamic knee stability

Aneet S. Toor, Orr Limpisvasti, Hansel Ihn et al. · 2018 · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy

PURPOSE: While hamstring autograft is a popular option for the general population, BTB autograft is still significantly more popular among professional athletes due to concerns of altering knee kinematics with hamstring harvest. This study…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

First Insights into the Microbiome of a Mangrove Tree Reveal Significant Differences in Taxonomic and Functional Composition among Plant and Soil Compartments

Witoon Purahong, Dolaya Sadubsarn, Benjawan Tanunchai et al. · 2019 · Microorganisms

Mangrove forest trees play important ecological functions at the interface between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, despite playing crucial roles in plant health and productivity, there is little information on microbiomes of the tree species in mangrove ecosystems. Thus, in this study we aimed to characterize the microbiome in soil (rhizosphere) and plant (root, stem, and leaf endosphere) compartments of the widely distributed mangrove tree Rhizophora stylosa. Surprisingly, bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were only confidently detected in rhizosphere soil, while fungal

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Development to Term of Cloned Cattle Derived from Donor Cells Treated with Valproic Acid

Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli, Marcos Roberto Chiaratti, Tiago Henrique Camara De et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

Cloning of mammals by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is still plagued by low efficiency. The epigenetic modifications established during cellular differentiation are a major factor determining this low efficiency as they act as epigenetic barriers restricting reprogramming of somatic nuclei. In this regard, most factors that promote chromatin decondensation, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), have been found to increase nuclear reprogramming efficiency, making their use common to improve SCNT rates. Herein we used valproic acid (VPA) in SCNT to test whether the treatment

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Case series of cancer patients who developed cholecystitis related to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment

Hamzah Abu‐Sbeih, Cynthia N. Tran, Phillip S. Ge et al. · 2019 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a promising novel class of cancer therapy, but immune-mediated adverse events can complicate ICI treatment. Acute cholecystitis in patients receiving ICI therapy has not been characterized. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients who developed ICI-related cholecystitis. METHODS: We evaluated a case series of patients at a tertiary cancer center who received ICI therapy and developed cholecystitis, diagnosed by clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging, during 2010-2018. Patients with a history of chronic cholecystitis

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Tryptophan Catabolism as Immune Mechanism of Primary Resistance to Anti-PD-1

Andrea Botticelli, Silvia Mezi, Giulia Pomati et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Immunology

Backgrounds. Clinical trials showed that only a subset of patients benefits from immunotherapy suggesting the need to identify new predictive biomarker of resistance.. Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed as a mechanism of resistance to anti-PD1 treatment and serum kyn/trp ratio represent a possible marker of IDO activity. Methods. Metastatic NSCLC, RCC and HNSCC treated in second line with nivolumab were included in this prospective study. Baseline serum kynurenine and tryptophan levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography to define the kyn/trp ratio. The 2–t

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Plasma sTNFR1 and IL8 for prognostic enrichment in sepsis trials: a prospective cohort study

Brian J. Anderson, Carolyn S. Calfee, Kathleen D. Liu et al. · 2019 · Critical Care

BACKGROUND: Enrichment strategies improve therapeutic targeting and trial efficiency, but enrichment factors for sepsis trials are lacking. We determined whether concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), interleukin-8 (IL8), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) could identify sepsis patients at higher mortality risk and serve as prognostic enrichment factors. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective cohort study of 400 critically ill septic patients, we derived and validated thresholds for each marker and expressed prognostic enrichment using risk differences (RD) of 30-day mortal

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Deep learning for spoken language identification

Matias Lindgren · 2020 · Aaltodoc (Aalto University)

This thesis applies deep learning based classification techniques to identify natural languages from speech. The primary motivation behind this thesis is to implement accurate techniques for segmenting multimedia materials by the languages…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Multibreed genomic prediction using multitrait genomic residual maximum likelihood and multitask Bayesian variable selection

M.P.L. Calus, Michael E. Goddard, Yvonne C. J. Wientjes et al. · 2018 · Journal of Dairy Science

Genomic prediction is applicable to individuals of different breeds. Empirical results to date, however, show limited benefits in using information on multiple breeds in the context of genomic prediction. We investigated a multitask…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Estimating Gestational Age From Ultrasound Fetal Biometrics

Daniel Skupski, John Owen, Sungduk Kim et al. · 2017 · Obstetrics and Gynecology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of a new formula with one developed in 1984 (and still in common use) and to develop and compare racial and ethnic-specific and racial and ethnic-neutral formulas. METHODS: The Eunice Kennedy Shriver…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

The Ross procedure in children: preoperative haemodynamic manifestation has significant effect on late autograft re-operation☆

Bahaaldin Alsoufi, Cedric Manlhiot, Bahaa M. Fadel et al. · 2010 · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

OBJECTIVES: The Ross procedure is the aortic valve-replacement procedure of choice in children. Nonetheless, late autograft re-operation for dilatation and/or valve regurgitation is of concern. We examined whether preoperative haemodynamic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Kinetics of peripheral blood neutrophils in severe coronavirus disease 2019

Mieke Metzemaekers, Seppe Cambier, Marfa Blanter et al. · 2021 · Clinical & Translational Immunology

OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence of dysregulation of the myeloid cell compartment urges investigations on neutrophil characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We isolated neutrophils from the blood of COVID-19 patients receiving…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Does Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture Contribute to Household Food Security? An Assessment of the Food Security Status of Households in Tongaat, eThekwini Municipality

Nolwazi Z. Khumalo, Melusi Sibanda · 2019 · Sustainability

Regardless of the steady increase in the economic growth of South Africa, poverty levels and food insecurity have not declined as one would have anticipated. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) presents an opportunity as a livelihood strategy to alleviate poverty and ensure household food security within the urban and peri-urban spheres. However, less research has been done in this area to discover the contribution of UPA on households’ food security. This paper assesses the food security status of households that practised any form of UPA activities (later on referred to the rest of this p

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Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience

Lexical prediction in language comprehension: a replication study of grammatical gender effects in Dutch

Arnold Kochari, Monique Flecken · 2018 · Language Cognition and Neuroscience

An important question in predictive language processing is the extent to which prediction effects can reliably be measured on pre-nominal material (e.g. articles before nouns). Here, we present a large sample (N = 58) close replication of a study by Otten and van Berkum (2009). They report ERP modulations in relation to the predictability of nouns in sentences, measured on gender-marked Dutch articles. We used nearly identical materials, procedures, and data analysis steps. We fail to replicate the original effect, but do observe a pattern consistent with the original data. Methodological diff

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

A Genome-Wide Association Study in Hispanics/Latinos Identifies Novel Signals for Lung Function. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Kristin M. Burkart, Tamar Sofer, Stephanie J. London et al. · 2018 · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Abstract Rationale Lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heritable traits. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous pulmonary function and COPD loci, primarily in cohorts of European ancestry. Objectives Perform a GWAS of COPD phenotypes in Hispanic/Latino populations to identify loci not previously detected in European populations. Methods GWAS of lung function and COPD in Hispanic/Latino participants from a population-based cohort. We performed replication studies of novel loci in independent studies. Measurements and Main Results Among 11,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Prolonged exposure does not increase soil microbial community compositional response to warming along geothermal gradients

Dajana Radujković, Erik Verbruggen, Bjarni D. Sigurðsson et al. · 2017 · FEMS Microbiology Ecology

Global change is expected to affect soil microbial communities through their responsiveness to temperature. It has been proposed that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures may lead to progressively larger effects on soil microbial…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Assessment of the Stability of the Palatal Rugae in a 3D-3D Superimposition Technique Following Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME)

Valentina Lanteri, Gianguido Cossellu, Marco Farronato et al. · 2020 · Scientific Reports

The Palatal Rugae are considered a useful human identification marker for both orthodontists and forensic personnel. The principal aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of palatal rugae with a 3D-3D superimposition procedure following Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME), in order to assess whether they kept their uniqueness and validity for human identification, even after a specific dental treatment. For this purpose, a sample of 27 digital dental models - belonging to growing patients (13 males and 14 females), aged between 8.5 and 15 years, who underwent SME therapy - was retros

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Assessing Rothstein's critique of teacher value-added models

Josh Kinsler · 2012 · Quantitative Economics

Value-added models of teacher effectiveness yield consistent estimates of teacher quality under the assumption that students are randomly assigned to classrooms conditional on ability. Rothstein (2010) tested and rejected this underlying…

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Replication FailureBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Analysis of 60 Reported Glioma Risk SNPs Replicates Published GWAS Findings but Fails to Replicate Associations From Published Candidate‐Gene Studies

Kyle M. Walsh, Erik L. Anderson, Helen M. Hansen et al. · 2012 · Genetic Epidemiology

Genomewide association studies (GWAS) and candidate-gene studies have implicated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in at least 45 different genes as putative glioma risk factors. Attempts to validate these associations have yielded…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Genetics of Hypospadias: Are Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms inSRD5A2,ESR1,ESR2, andATF3Really Associated with the Malformation?

Loes F.M. van der Zanden, Iris A.L.M. van Rooij, Wout Feitz et al. · 2010 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

CONTEXT: Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia with a multifactorial etiology. Little is known about the genes involved in hypospadias. A few genetic associations have been reported but mainly in…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Fibroblast growth factor-2, but not the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells secretome, inhibits TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts

Tácia Tavares Aquinas Liguori, Gabriel Romero Liguori, Luíz Felipe Pinho Moreira et al. · 2018 · Scientific Reports

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent inducer of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and contributes to the pro-fibrotic microenvironment during cardiac remodeling. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a growth factor secreted by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) which can antagonize TGF-β1 signaling. We hypothesized that TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is abrogated by FGF-2 and ASC conditioned medium (ASC-CMed). Our experiments demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment-induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, as

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