51 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Nursing. Search the index →
WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.
The ORIGIN Trial Investigators · 2012 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: The use of n-3 fatty acids may prevent cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction or heart failure. Their effects in patients with (or at risk for) type 2 diabetes mellitus are unknown. METHODS: In this…
View details →Palle Bekker Jeppesen, Richard Gilroy, M. Pertkiewicz et al. · 2011 · Gut
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Teduglutide, a GLP-2 analogue, may restore intestinal structural and functional integrity by promoting repair and growth of the mucosa and reducing gastric emptying and secretion, thereby increasing fluid and nutrient…
View details →Calogero Carletto, Paul Corral, Anita Guelfi · 2016 · Food Policy
The transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture is key for economic growth. But what are the consequences for nutritional outcomes? The evidence to date has been scant and inconclusive. This study contributes to the debate by revisiting two prevailing wisdoms: (a) market participation by African smallholders remains low; and (b) the impact of commercialization on nutritional outcomes is generally positive. Using nationally representative data from three African countries, the analysis reveals high levels of commercialization by even the poorest and smallest landholders, with rates of
View details →Patrick D. McGorry, Barnaby Nelson, Connie Markulev et al. · 2016 · JAMA Psychiatry
IMPORTANCE: A promising treatment to prevent onset and improve outcomes in patients at ultrahigh risk for psychosis is dietary supplementation with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether…
View details →Elizabeth A. Landis, Angela Oliverio, Erin A. McKenney et al. · 2021 · eLife
Humans have relied on sourdough starter microbial communities to make leavened bread for thousands of years, but only a small fraction of global sourdough biodiversity has been characterized. Working with a community-scientist network of bread bakers, we determined the microbial diversity of 500 sourdough starters from four continents. In sharp contrast with widespread assumptions, we found little evidence for biogeographic patterns in starter communities. Strong co-occurrence patterns observed in situ and recreated in vitro demonstrate that microbial interactions shape sourdough community str
View details →Karen Rees, Louise Hartley, Camilla Day et al. · 2013 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
BACKGROUND: Selenium is a key component of a number of selenoproteins which protect against oxidative stress and have the potential to prevent chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, observational studies have…
View details →James A. Berkley, Moses M. Ngari, Johnstone Thitiri et al. · 2016 · The Lancet Global Health
BACKGROUND: Children with complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have a greatly increased risk of mortality from infections while in hospital and after discharge. In HIV-infected children, mortality and admission to hospital are prevented by daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, despite locally reported bacterial resistance to co-trimoxazole. We aimed to assess the efficacy of daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on survival in children without HIV being treated for complicated SAM. METHODS: We did a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study in four hospitals in Kenya (two r
View details →An Wu, Gennady Dvoryanchikov, Elizabeth Pereira et al. · 2015 · Nature Communications
Gustatory stimuli are detected by taste buds and transmitted to the hindbrain via sensory afferent neurons. Whether each taste quality (sweet, bitter and so on) is encoded by separate neurons ('labelled lines') remains controversial. We used mice expressing GCaMP3 in geniculate ganglion sensory neurons to investigate taste-evoked activity. Using confocal calcium imaging, we recorded responses to oral stimulation with prototypic taste stimuli. Up to 69% of neurons respond to multiple tastants. Moreover, neurons tuned to a single taste quality at low concentration become more broadly tuned when
View details →Simone Passarelli, Dawit Mekonnen, Elizabeth Bryan et al. · 2018 · Food Security
Interventions that aim to increase water availability for agriculture hold great potential for improving nutrition through increasing food production, generating income, enhancing water access and sanitation and hygiene conditions, and through strengthening women’s empowerment. Yet there is scarce evidence on the linkages between small-scale irrigation and the pathways through which nutrition outcomes can be achieved. Using data from a cross-sectional household survey collected in Ethiopia and Tanzania, we explored the potential for small-scale irrigation to contribute to improved diets, and i
View details →Ayala Maayan‐Metzger, Shirli Avivi, Irit Schushan‐Eisen et al. · 2011 · American Journal of Perinatology
We evaluated short-term neonatal outcomes among preterm infants according to type of feeding administered (human milk or formula). Retrospective data were collected on 400 preterm infants at gestational age ≤32 weeks. Groups were chosen…
View details →Sanjay Patole, Shripada Rao, Anthony D. Keil et al. · 2016 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials report that probiotics reduce the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates. AIM: To determine whether routine probiotic supplementation (RPS) to preterm neonates would reduce the incidence of NEC. METHODS: The incidence of NEC ≥ Stage II and all-cause mortality was compared for an equal period of 24 months 'before' (Epoch 1) and 'after' (Epoch 2) RPS with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V in neonates <34 weeks. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust for relevant confounders. RESULTS: A total
View details →Bertha Briceño, Aidan Coville, Paul Gertler et al. · 2017 · PLoS ONE
SUMMARY: The current evidence on handwashing and sanitation programs suggests limited impacts on health when at-scale interventions have been tested in isolation. However, no published experimental evidence currently exists that tests the interaction effects between sanitation and handwashing. We present the results of two large-scale, government-led handwashing and sanitation promotion campaigns in rural Tanzania, with the objective of tracing the causal chain from hygiene and sanitation promotion to changes in child health outcomes and specifically testing for potential interaction effects o
View details →Muhammed A. Usman, Daniel Callo-Concha · 2021 · Agricultural and Food Economics
Abstract Market access influences the dietary diversity and food security for smallholder households in many ways. In Ethiopia, most smallholders are subsistence farmers who have poor access to markets. This study used primary data from a household survey to examine the relationship between market access and the dietary diversity and food security for 324 smallholder households in the Yayu area of southwestern Ethiopia in early 2018. Multivariate regression analysis showed that households located far from market centers consumed not only less diverse foods but also spend less on food consumpti
View details →Theresa J. Ochoa, Jaime Zegarra, Luis Cam et al. · 2014 · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
BACKGROUND: Lactoferrin (LF) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory milk glycoprotein. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of bovine LF on the prevention of the first episode of late-onset sepsis in Peruvian infants.…
View details →James J. DiNicolantonio, James H. O’Keefe · 2018 · Open Heart
The intake of omega-6 vegetable oils, particularly soybean oil, began to increase in the USA starting in the early 1900s at a time when the consumption of butter and lard was on the decline.1 This caused a more than two-fold increase in…
View details →Tewodros Eshete, Gemechu Kumera, Yibelu Bazezew et al. · 2018 · Agriculture & Food Security
Inadequate feeding practices are a significant reason for the onset of malnutrition in young children, and their consequences are one of the major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. Dietary diversity is one of the useful indicators to assess the nutrient adequacy and can examine how different food groups contribute to the nutrient adequacy of the diet in a specific area. Minimum dietary diversity is the intake of at least four food types from the seven categories. Secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic health survey of 2016 was conducted to expl
View details →Abu R. Ayman, Tawfik Khoury, Jonah Cohen et al. · 2016 · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes are commonly utilized as a method of enteral feeding in patients unable to obtain adequate oral nutrition. Although some studies have shown improved mortality in select…
View details →Sedigheh Asgary, Mahtab Keshvari, Amirhossein Sahebkar et al. · 2013 · PubMed
BACKGROUND: Pomegranate juice (PJ) is rich in bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective functions. The present trial investigated the acute effects of PJ consumption on blood pressure and markers…
View details →Tae Gun Shin, Youn‐Jung Kim, Seung Mok Ryoo et al. · 2019 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background: Intravenous vitamin C and thiamine administration may be a potential adjuvant therapy for septic shock. We aimed to investigate the impact of early vitamin C and thiamine administration in septic shock patients. Methods: This retrospective before-and-after cohort study used data extracted from the Korean Shock Society’s prospective septic shock registry. We compared 28-day and in-hospital mortality rates between patients treated with intravenous vitamin C (3 g/12 h or 1.5 g/6 h) and thiamine (200 mg/12 h) <6 h after shock recognition from July through December 2017 (n = 229) and
View details →Gisele P. Oliveira, Cristina Márcia Dias, Paolo Pelosi et al. · 2010 · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Glutamine (Gln) is an important energy source and has been used as a supplementary energy substrate. Furthermore, Gln is an essential component for numerous metabolic functions, including acid-base homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, nitrogen…
View details →Mohamad Wessam Alnouri, Kenneth Anthony Roquid, Rémy Bonnavion et al. · 2024 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Inflammation is a protective response to pathogens and injury. To be effective it needs to be resolved by endogenous mechanisms in order to avoid prolonged and excessive inflammation, which can become chronic. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are a group of lipids derived from omega-3 fatty acids, which can induce the resolution of inflammation. How SPMs exert their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects is, however, not clear. Here, we show that SPMs such as protectins, maresins, and D-series resolvins function as biased positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of the prostaglandin
View details →Tatiana Galvão, Bethany H. Brown, Peter Hecker et al. · 2011 · Cardiovascular Research
AIMS: The impact of a high-fat diet on the failing heart is unclear, and the differences between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fat have not been assessed. Here, we compared a standard low-fat diet to high-fat diets…
View details →Todd W. Rice, D. Clark Files, Peter E. Morris et al. · 2018 · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
BACKGROUND: Enteral nutrition (EN) increases hyperglycemia due to high carbohydrate concentrations while providing insufficient protein. The study tested whether an EN formula with very high-protein- and low-carbohydrate-facilitated…
View details →Ana Carolina de Aguiar, Damila Rodrigues de Morais, Leandra P. Santos et al. · 2026 · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición
This study analyzed the effects of different concentrations of flaxseed oil (FO) on the proximate composition and the contents of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3)…
View details →Matthew S. Freiberg, Debbie M. Cheng, Natalia Gnatienko et al. · 2020 · JAMA Network Open
Importance: Zinc supplementation can reduce alcohol-related microbial translocation and inflammation. Objective: To assess whether zinc supplementation reduces markers of mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease, reduces levels of inflammation and microbial translocation, and slows HIV disease progression in people with heavy alcohol use who are living with HIV/AIDS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study is a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of zinc supplementation among participants recruited from 2013 to 2015. Participants were recruited from HIV and ad
View details →Ivana Djuričić, Philip C. Calder · 2025 · Current Atherosclerosis Reports
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We synthesize the latest evidence (published 2020 to 2025) on the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cardiovascular health, emphasizing biological mechanisms and key findings from observational studies and clinical trials related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: EPA and DHA modulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, platelet and endothelial function, the gut-heart axis, ion channels and autonomic function via vagal tone, supporting cardiovascular health. While individual RCTs have produced variable results,
View details →Gilberto Friedman, Cecilia Lopes Flávia Couto, Maicon Becker · 2015 · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies comparing jejunal and gastric nutrition show inconsistent results regarding pneumonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pneumonia comparing gastric with jejunal nutrition. Secondarily, we…
View details →Paul Montgomery, Thees F. Spreckelsen, Alice Burton et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acids are central to brain-development of children. Evidence from clinical trials and systematic reviews demonstrates the potential of long-chain Omega-3 supplementation for learning and behavior. However, findings are inconclusive and in need of robust replication studies since such work is lacking. OBJECTIVES: Replication of the 2012 DOLAB 1 study findings that a dietary supplementation with the long-chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had beneficial effects on the reading, working memory, and behavior of healthy schoolchildren. DESIGN: Parallel group, fixed-do
View details →Newton Cao, Warda Merchant, Laurent Gautron · 2024 · Scientific Reports
The communication between intestinal Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-producing cells and the peripheral nervous system has garnered renewed interest considering the availability of anti-obesity and anti-diabetic approaches targeting GLP-1…
View details →Shih‐Wei Huang, Horng‐Chyuan Lin, Yu-Feng Chou et al. · 2022 · Nutrients
Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is associated with poor outcomes and a high economic cost. The association between protein intake and PMV has rarely been investigated in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of protein intake on weaning from mechanical ventilation. Patients with the PMV (mechanical ventilation ≥6 h/day for ≥21 days) at our hospital between December 2020 and April 2022 were included in this study. Demographic data, nutrition records, laboratory data, weaning conditions, and survival data were retrieved from the patient’s electronic medical records.
View details →