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Browse the failure-mode index

21,216 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Phase 2 trial to assess lebrikizumab in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Toby M. Maher, Ulrich Costabel, Marilyn K. Glassberg et al. · 2020 · European Respiratory Journal

This phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab, an interleukin (IL)-13 monoclonal antibody, alone or with background pirfenidone therapy, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Patients with IPF aged ≥40 years with forced vital capacity (FVC) of 40%–100% predicted and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of 25%–90% predicted and who were treatment-naïve (cohort A) or receiving pirfenidone (2403 mg·day −1 ; cohort B) were randomised 1:1 to receive lebrikizumab 250 mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks. The

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Benefits of Endocardial and Multisite Pacing Are Dependent on the Type of Left Ventricular Electric Activation Pattern and Presence of Ischemic Heart Disease

Matthew Ginks, Anoop Shetty, Pier D. Lambiase et al. · 2012 · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

BACKGROUND: There is considerable heterogeneity in the myocardial substrate of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), in particular in the etiology of heart failure and in the location of conduction block within the…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Transfusion of 28‐day‐old leucoreduced or non‐leucoreduced stored red blood cells induces an inflammatory response in healthy dogs

Mary Beth Callan, Reema Patel, Ann H. Rux et al. · 2013 · Vox Sanguinis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies in mice suggest that rapid transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs), refrigerator stored for longer durations, induce a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Studies in human neonates confirm these findings;…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

The architecture of psychological well‐being: A network analysis study of the Ryff Psychological Well‐Being Scale

Ana Blasco‐Belled, Carles Alsinet · 2022 · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology

The proliferation of mental health research is orienting its efforts towards the exploration of psychological well-being. One of the main burdens is the measurement challenges reported by the widely used Psychological Well-Being Scale…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Changes in structure and assembly of a species-rich soil natural community with contrasting nutrient availability upon establishment of a plant-beneficial Pseudomonas in the wheat rhizosphere

Daniel Garrido‐Sanz, Senka Čaušević, Jordan Vacheron et al. · 2023 · Microbiome

BACKGROUND: Plant-beneficial bacterial inoculants are of great interest in agriculture as they have the potential to promote plant growth and health. However, the inoculation of the rhizosphere microbiome often results in a suboptimal or transient colonization, which is due to a variety of factors that influence the fate of the inoculant. To better understand the fate of plant-beneficial inoculants in complex rhizosphere microbiomes, composed by hundreds of genotypes and multifactorial selection mechanisms, controlled studies with high-complexity soil microbiomes are needed. RESULTS: We analys

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

The long-term impact of folic acid in pregnancy on offspring DNA methylation: follow-up of the Aberdeen Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (AFAST)

Rebecca C. Richmond, Gemma C. Sharp, Georgia Herbert et al. · 2018 · International Journal of Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that maternal folic-acid supplement use may alter the DNA-methylation patterns of the offspring during the in-utero period, which could influence development and later-life health outcomes. Evidence from human studies suggests a role for prenatal folate levels in influencing DNA methylation in early life, but this has not been extended to consider persistent effects into adulthood. METHODS: To better elucidate the long-term impact of maternal folic acid in pregnancy on DNA methylation in offspring, we carried out an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) neste

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Replication FailurePsychology

Do measures commonly used in body image research perform adequately with African American college women?

Susan Kashubeck‐West, Angela D. Coker, Germine H. Awad et al. · 2013 · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

This study examines reliability and validity estimates for 3 widely used measures in body image research in a sample of African American college women (N = 278). Internal consistency estimates were adequate (α coefficients above .70) for…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

Estimating the Power of Indirect Comparisons: A Simulation Study

Edward J. Mills, Isabella Ghement, Christopher O’Regan et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: Indirect comparisons are becoming increasingly popular for evaluating medical treatments that have not been compared head-to-head in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). While indirect methods have grown in popularity and acceptance, little is known about the fragility of confidence interval estimations and hypothesis testing relying on this method. METHODS: We present the findings of a simulation study that examined the fragility of indirect confidence interval estimation and hypothesis testing relying on the adjusted indirect method. FINDINGS: Our results suggest that, for the sett

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Diversity of leisure‐time sport activities in adolescence as a predictor of leisure‐time physical activity in adulthood

Sari Mäkelä, Sari Aaltonen, Tellervo Korhonen et al. · 2017 · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Because sustained physical activity is important for a healthy life, this paper examined whether a greater diversity of sport activities during adolescence predicts higher levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adulthood. From…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Government Expenditure And National Income: Causality Tests For Five South East Asian Countries

Ergün Doğan, Tuck Cheong Tang · 2011 · International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)

This study aims to determine the direction of causality between national income and government expenditures for Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Granger causality tests are used to investigate the causal links…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

An empirical examination of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana: an ARDL approach

Daniel Kwabena Twerefou, Frank Adusah‐Poku, William Bekoe · 2016 · Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

Abstract The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between different pollutants and economic growth. In Ghana, as in many other developing countries, there exist scanty studies that confirm or otherwise the EKC hypothesis with regards to CO 2 emissions as well as the factors that drive CO 2 emissions. This work aims to bridge this knowledge gap by addressing these two major questions using data from 1970 to 2010 and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing approach. The results rather suggest a U-shaped relationship between p

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Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience

Genome-wide gene-based analysis suggests an association between Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) and post-traumatic stress disorder

Varun Kilaru, Shruti V. Iyer, Lynn M. Almli et al. · 2016 · Translational Psychiatry

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in only some people following trauma exposure, but the mechanisms differentially explaining risk versus resilience remain largely unknown. PTSD is heritable but candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified only a modest number of genes that reliably contribute to PTSD. New gene-based methods may help identify additional genes that increase risk for PTSD development or severity. We applied gene-based testing to GWAS data from the Grady Trauma Project (GTP), a primarily African American cohort, and identified two

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparison of D-dimer with CRP and ESR for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection

Longjiang Xiong, Siyun Li, Min Dai · 2019 · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of several biomarkers, the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) continues to be challenging. Serum D-dimer assessment is a widely available test that detects fibrinolytic activities and has been reported as an inflammatory biomarker. However, quite a few articles have reported the diagnostic efficiency of D-dimer for PJI. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled patients who had undergone total joint arthroplasty, were suspected of PJI, and also prepared for revision arthroplasty. PJI was defined using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society crit

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

The inter-sample structural variability of regular tissue-engineered scaffolds significantly affects the micromechanical local cell environment

Ana Marin, Damien Lacroix · 2015 · Interface Focus

Rapid prototyping techniques have been widely used in tissue engineering to fabricate scaffolds with controlled architecture. Despite the ability of these techniques to fabricate regular structures, the consistency with which these regular…

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Replication FailureOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

A genome-wide association study for extremely high intelligence

Delilah Zabaneh, Eva Krapohl, Héléna A. Gaspar et al. · 2017 · Molecular Psychiatry

We used a case-control genome-wide association (GWA) design with cases consisting of 1238 individuals from the top 0.0003 (~170 mean IQ) of the population distribution of intelligence and 8172 unselected population-based controls. The…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Significant association of deficiency of hemoglobin, iron and vitamin B12, high homocysteine level, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity with atrophic glossitis

Andy Sun, Hung‐Pin Lin, Yi‐Ping Wang et al. · 2011 · Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine

BACKGROUND: Atrophic glossitis (AG) is considered to be a marker of nutritional deficiency. In this study, we evaluated whether there was an intimate association of the deficiency of hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid, high blood…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Extensive paternal mtDNA leakage in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Maria D. S. Nunes, Marlies Dolezal, Christian Schlötterer · 2013 · Molecular Ecology

Strict maternal inheritance is considered a hallmark of animal mtDNA. Although recent reports suggest that paternal leakage occurs in a broad range of species, it is still considered an exceptionally rare event. To evaluate the impact of paternal leakage on the evolution of mtDNA, it is essential to reliably estimate the frequency of paternal leakage in natural populations. Using allele-specific real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we show that heteroplasmy is common in natural populations with at least 14% of the individuals carrying multiple mitochondrial haplotypes. However, the average fr

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Negative / Null Result ReportBusiness, Management and Accounting

Does Sustainability Assurance Improve Managerial Investment Decisions?

Maria Steinmeier, Michael Stich · 2017 · European Accounting Review

This study analyzes the effect of sustainability assurance (SA) on managerial investment decisions in terms of sustainability investment (SI) efficiency. We hypothesize that SA improves the set of information available for managerial…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Capsules from Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. Manifest Significant Differences in Structure and Ability to Protect against Phagocytic Cells

Glauber Ribeiro de Sousa Araújo, Fernanda L. Fonseca, Bruno Pontes et al. · 2012 · PLoS ONE

Capsule production is common among bacterial species, but relatively rare in eukaryotic microorganisms. Members of the fungal Cryptococcus genus are known to produce capsules, which are major determinants of virulence in the highly pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Although the lack of virulence of many species of the Cryptococcus genus can be explained solely by the lack of mammalian thermotolerance, it is uncertain whether the capsules from these organisms are comparable to those of the pathogenic cryptococci. In this study, we compared the characteristic of

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Long-term results of a randomized phase III trial of TPF induction chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma

Lai-ping Zhong, Chen-ping Zhang, Guo-xin Ren et al. · 2015 · Oncotarget

// Lai-ping Zhong 1 , Chen-ping Zhang 1 , Guo-xin Ren 1 , Wei Guo 1 , William N. William Jr 2 , Christopher S. Hong 3 , Jian Sun 1 , Han-guang Zhu 1 , Wen-yong Tu 1 , Jiang Li 4 , Yi-li Cai 1 , Qiu-ming Yin 1 , Li-zhen Wang 4 , Zhong-he Wang 1 , Yong-jie Hu 1 , Tong Ji 1 , Wen-jun Yang 1 , Wei-min Ye 1 , Jun Li 1 , Yue He 1 , Yan-an Wang 1 , Li-qun Xu 1 , Zhengping Zhuang 3 , J. Jack Lee 5 , Jeffrey N. Myers 6 and Zhi-yuan Zhang 1 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicin

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players

João Gustavo Claudino, Bruno Mezêncio, Sérgio Tibiriçá Amaral et al. · 2014 · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

BACKGROUND: Studies involving chronic creatine supplementation in elite soccer players are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players (n = 14 males) during pre-season training. FINDINGS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study. Brazilian professional elite soccer players participated in this study. During the pre-season (7 weeks), all the subjects underwent a standardized physical and specific soccer training. Prior to and after eith

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Is work engagement related to healthy cardiac autonomic activity? Evidence from a field study among Finnish women workers

Piia Seppälä, Saija Mauno, Marja-Liisa Kinnunen et al. · 2011 · The Journal of Positive Psychology

The present study investigated whether work engagement is related to and can explain healthy cardiac autonomic activity as indicated by decreased heart rate (HR; i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic activity) and increased high-frequency…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Renal Perfusion during Hemodialysis: Intradialytic Blood Flow Decline and Effects of Dialysate Cooling

Raanan Marants, Elena Qirjazi, Claire Grant et al. · 2019 · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Significance Statement Residual renal function (RRF) characteristically declines after patients with ESRD initiate dialysis. Although RRF preservation correlates with improved outcomes, poor understanding of the pathophysiology underlying…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Clinical Standardized fMRI Reveals Altered Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumor

Sasan Partovi, Bjoern Jacobi, Nora Rapps et al. · 2012 · American Journal of Neuroradiology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain tumors affecting language-relevant areas may influence language lateralization. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate language lateralization in brain tumor patients using clinical language fMRI, comparing the results with a group of healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven strictly right-handed patients with left-hemispheric-space intracranial masses (mainly neoplastic) affecting either the Broca area (n = 19) or Wernicke area (n = 38) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Fourteen healthy volunteers served as a control gr

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Effect of Financial Leverage on Firm Value: Evidence From Selected Firms Quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange

Umar Abbas Ibrahim, Abdulqudus Isiaka · 2020 · European Journal of Business and Management

This study examined the effect of financial leverage on firm value with evidence from a sample of selected companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study adopts a panel data analysis using secondary data obtained from the financial statements of the selected companies over the period 2014-2018. The sample of 18 firms studied was selected through the convenient sampling technique. The level of financial leverage was denominated by long term debt to equity ratio. This work is the first Nigerian study to utilize the Tobin’s q ratio as a proxy of firm value. Other variables proven in l

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