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Browse the failure-mode index

21,216 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Distinguishing the Central Drive to Tremor in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor

John‐Stuart Brittain, Hayriye Cagnan, Arpan R. Mehta et al. · 2015 · Journal of Neuroscience

Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are the two most common movement disorders. Both have been associated with similar patterns of network activation leading to the suggestion that they may result from similar network dysfunction, specifically involving the cerebellum. Here, we demonstrate that parkinsonian tremors and ETs result from distinct patterns of interactions between neural oscillators. These patterns are reflected in the tremors' derived frequency tolerance, a novel measure readily attainable from bedside accelerometry. Frequency tolerance characterizes the temporal ev

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

A Model of Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Habitat and Movement in the Oceanic North Pacific

Mélanie Abécassis, Inna Senina, Patrick Lehodey et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

Habitat preferences for juvenile loggerhead turtles in the North Pacific were investigated with data from two several-year long tagging programs, using 224 satellite transmitters deployed on wild and captive-reared turtles. Animals ranged between 23 and 81 cm in straight carapace length. Tracks were used to investigate changes in temperature preferences and speed of the animals with size. Average sea surface temperatures along the tracks ranged from 18 to 23 °C. Bigger turtles generally experienced larger temperature ranges and were encountered in warmer surface waters. Seasonal differences be

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Assessing the Causes of Capital Account Liberalization: How Measurement Matters1

Sebastian Karcher, David A. Steinberg · 2012 · International Studies Quarterly

Why do countries open their economies to global capital markets? A number of recent articles have found that two types of factors encourage politicians to liberalize their capital accounts: strong macroeconomic fundamentals and political…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Return and volatility spillover across equity markets between China and Southeast Asian countries

Ngô Thái Hưng · 2019 · Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science

Purpose This paper aims to study the daily returns and volatility spillover effects in common stock prices between China and four countries in Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia). Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses a vector autoregression with a bivariate GARCH-BEKK model to capture return linkage and volatility transmission spanning the period including the pre- and post-2008 Global Financial Crisis. Findings The main empirical result is that the volatility of the Chinese market has had a significant impact on the other markets in the data sample. For the sto

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Antidepressant and Neurocognitive Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia versus Electroconvulsive Therapy in Refractory Depression

Howard R. Weeks, Scott C. Tadler, Kelly W. Smith et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: Many patients have serious depression that is nonresponsive to medications, but refuse electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Early research suggested that isoflurane anesthesia may be an effective alternative to ECT. Subsequent studies altered drug, dose or number of treatments, and failed to replicate this success, halting research on isoflurane's antidepressant effects for a decade. Our aim was to re-examine whether isoflurane has antidepressant effects comparable to ECT, with less adverse effects on cognition. METHOD: Patients with medication-refractory depression received an average

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

M2SNet: Multi-scale in Multi-scale Subtraction Network for Medical Image Segmentation

Xiaoqi Zhao, Hongpeng Jia, Youwei Pang et al. · 2026 · Machine Intelligence Research

Abstract Accurate medical image segmentation is critical for early medical diagnosis. Most existing methods are based on U-shape structure and use element-wise addition or concatenation to fuse different level features progressively in decoder. However, both the two operations easily generate plenty of redundant information, which will weaken the complementarity between different level features, resulting in inaccurate localization and blurred edges of lesions. To address this challenge, we propose a general multi-scale in multi-scale subtraction network (M 2 SNet) to finish diverse segmentati

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

DNA methylation signatures in cord blood associated with maternal gestational weight gain: results from the ALSPAC cohort

Eva Morales, Alexandra Groom, Debbie A. Lawlor et al. · 2014 · BMC Research Notes

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic changes could mediate the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with adverse offspring outcomes. However, studies in humans are lacking. Here, we examined the association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG in different periods of pregnancy with cytosine-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide site methylation differences in newborn cord blood DNA from 88 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort using the Illumina GoldenGate Panel I. Pyrosequencing was used for validation of the top a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Reduced carbon uptake during the 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer from GOSAT

Sandrine Guerlet, Sourish Basu, A. Butz et al. · 2013 · Geophysical Research Letters

Column‐averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO 2 ) measured by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) reveal significant interannual variation (IAV) of CO 2 uptake during the Northern Hemisphere summer between 2009…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Live Imaging of Host-Parasite Interactions in a Zebrafish Infection Model Reveals Cryptococcal Determinants of Virulence and Central Nervous System Invasion

Jennifer L. Tenor, Stefan H. Oehlers, Jialu L. Yang et al. · 2015 · mBio

UNLABELLED: The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is capable of infecting a broad range of hosts, from invertebrates like amoebas and nematodes to standard vertebrate models such as mice and rabbits. Here we have taken advantage of a zebrafish model to investigate host-pathogen interactions of Cryptococcus with the zebrafish innate immune system, which shares a highly conserved framework with that of mammals. Through live-imaging observations and genetic knockdown, we establish that macrophages are the primary immune cells responsible for responding to and containing acute cryptoco

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Participation in Pre–High School Football and Neurological, Neuroradiological, and Neuropsychological Findings in Later Life

Gary S. Solomon, Andrew W. Kuhn, Scott L. Zuckerman et al. · 2016 · The American Journal of Sports Medicine

BACKGROUND: A recent study found that an earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to tackle football was associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment in retired National Football League (NFL) players. PURPOSE: To assess the association…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Risk factors and interventions with statistically significant tiny effects

George C.M. Siontis, J. P. A. Ioannidis · 2011 · International Journal of Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Large studies may identify postulated risk factors and interventions with very small effect sizes. We aimed to assess empirically a large number of statistically significant relative risks (RRs) of tiny magnitude and their…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Deep sympatric mitochondrial divergence without reproductive isolation in the common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Silje Hogner, Terje Laskemoen, Jan T. Lifjeld et al. · 2012 · Ecology and Evolution

Mitochondrial DNA usually shows low sequence variation within and high sequence divergence among species, which makes it a useful marker for phylogenetic inference and DNA barcoding. A previous study on the common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) revealed two very different mtDNA haplogroups (5% K2P distance). This divergence is comparable to that among many sister species; however, both haplogroups coexist and interbreed in Europe today. Herein, we describe the phylogeographic pattern of these lineages and test hypotheses for how such high diversity in mtDNA has evolved. We found no evidenc

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Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

Effects of Intensive Mobile Happiness Reporting in Daily Life

Tamlin S. Conner, Katie Reid · 2011 · Social Psychological and Personality Science

Does intensive focus on happiness change the naturalistic experience of happiness over time? In a 2-week text-messaging experiment, young adult participants ( n = 162) reported their current happiness 1, 3, or 6 times daily. Examination of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

Effectiveness of Cognitive Remediation and Emotion Skills Training (CREST) for Anorexia Nervosa in Group Format: A Naturalistic Pilot Study

Kate Tchanturia, Eli A. Doris, Caroline Fleming · 2014 · European Eating Disorders Review

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate a novel and brief skills-based therapy for inpatients with anorexia nervosa, which addressed 'cold' and 'hot' cognitions in group format. METHOD: Adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa participated in…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vatalanib for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) resistant to imatinib: final results of a phase II study

Heikki Joensuu, Filippo de Braud, G Grignagni et al. · 2011 · British Journal of Cancer

BACKGROUND: Vatalanib (PTK787/ZK 222584) inhibits a few tyrosine kinases including KIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). We report efficacy and safety results of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparative Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium abscessus and M. chelonae Isolates from Patients with and without Cystic Fibrosis in the United Kingdom

Agnieszka Broda, Heather Jebbari, Kate Beaton et al. · 2012 · Journal of Clinical Microbiology

The isolation of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with poor clinical outcome due to broad drug resistance and the difficulty of eradicating…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Association of Bax Expression and Bcl2/Bax Ratio with Clinical and Molecular Prognostic Markers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Ksenija Vučićević, Vladimir Jakovljević, Nataša Čolović et al. · 2016 · Journal of Medical Biochemistry

Summary Background: In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), in vivo apoptotic resistance of malignant B lymphocytes results, in part, from the intrinsic defects of their apoptotic machinery. These include genetic alterations and aberrant expression of many apoptosis regulators, among which the Bcl2 family members play a central role. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of pro-apoptotic Bax gene expression and Bcl2/Bax ratio with the clinical features of CLL patients as well as with molecular prognostic markers, namely the mutational status of rearranged immunoglobulin

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with postpartum depression in Kenyan women

Linnet Ongeri, Valentine Wanga, Phelgona Otieno et al. · 2018 · BMC Psychiatry

BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies have examined associations between risk factors during pregnancy and mental health outcomes during the postpartum period. We used a cohort study design to estimate the prevalence, incidence and correlates of significant postpartum depressive symptoms in Kenyan women. METHODS: We recruited adult women residing in an urban, resource-poor setting and attending maternal and child health clinics in two public hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya. A translated Kiswahili Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to screen for depressive symptoms at baseline assessment

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Recurrent Exposure to Subclinical Lipopolysaccharide Increases Mortality and Induces Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice

Wilbur Y.W. Lew, Evelyn Bayna, Erminia Dalle Molle et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: Circulating subclinical lipopolysaccharide (LPS) occurs in health and disease. Ingesting high fatty meals increases LPS that cause metabolic endotoxemia. Subclinical LPS in periodontal disease may impair endothelial function. The heart may be targeted as cardiac cells express TLR4, the LPS receptor. It was hypothesized that recurrent exposure to subclinical LPS increases mortality and causes cardiac fibrosis. METHODS: C57Bl/6 mice were injected with intraperitoneal saline (control), low dose LPS (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), or moderate dose LPS (10 or 20 mg/kg), once a week for 3 months. Left

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Patterning of children's sedentary time at and away from school

Rebecca Abbott, Leon Straker, Svend Erik Mathiassen · 2013 · Obesity

OBJECTIVE: Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior; however, the pattern of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Enhancing perceptual and attentional skills requires common demands between the action video games and transfer tasks

Adam Oei, Michael D. Patterson · 2015 · Frontiers in Psychology

Despite increasing evidence that shows action video game play improves perceptual and cognitive skills, the mechanisms of transfer are not well-understood. In line with previous work, we suggest that transfer is dependent upon common demands between the game and transfer task. In the current study, participants played one of four action games with varying speed, visual, and attentional demands for 20 h. We examined whether training enhanced performance for attentional blink, selective attention, attending to multiple items, visual search and auditory detection. Non-gamers who played the game (

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Accuracy of prediction scores and novel biomarkers for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children

Bart G.P. Koot, Olga H. van der Baan‐Slootweg, Anneloes E. Bohte et al. · 2013 · Obesity

BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction scores for liver steatosis are demanded to enable clinicians to noninvasively screen for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several prediction scores have been developed, however external validation…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

DNA methylation modules associate with incident cardiovascular disease and cumulative risk factor exposure

Kenneth E. Westerman, Paola Sebastiani, Paul F. Jacques et al. · 2019 · Clinical Epigenetics

BACKGROUND: Epigenome-wide association studies using DNA methylation have the potential to uncover novel biomarkers and mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the direction of causation for these associations is not always clear, and investigations to-date have often failed to replicate at the level of individual loci. METHODS: Here, we undertook module- and region-based DNA methylation analyses of incident CVD in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (FHS) in order to find more robust epigenetic biomarkers for cardiovascular risk. W

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Attention bias modification: the Emperor's new suit?

Paul M.G. Emmelkamp · 2012 · BMC Medicine

A series of primarily laboratory-based studies found attention bias modification in socially anxious participants to lead to reduced anxiety. It is argued that the failure to replicate the positive results of attention bias modification in the study of Carlbring et al. may be due to reasons other than the application through the Internet. A number of controlled studies failed to replicate the positive effects of attention bias modification in clinically rather than subclinically socially anxious subjects. Given the lack of robust evidence for attention bias modification in clinically socially

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Selecting the optimal method to calculate daily global reference potential evaporation from CFSR reanalysis data for application in a hydrological model study

Frederiek Sperna Weiland, Clément Tisseuil, Hans H. Dürr et al. · 2012 · Hydrology and earth system sciences

Abstract. Potential evaporation (PET) is one of the main inputs of hydrological models. Yet, there is limited consensus on which PET equation is most applicable in hydrological climate impact assessments. In this study six different methods to derive global scale reference PET daily time series from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data are compared: Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor and original and re-calibrated versions of the Hargreaves and Blaney-Criddle method. The calculated PET time series are (1) evaluated against global monthly Penman-Monteith PET time series calculated from

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