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Browse the failure-mode index

21,245 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Quantitative and Qualitative Exploration of Meaningful Change on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Vineland™-II) in Children and Adolescents with Autism Without Intellectual Disability Following Participation in a Clinical Trial

Susanne Clinch, Stacie Hudgens, Elizabeth Gibbons et al. · 2023 · Patient Related Outcome Measures

Purpose: Adaptive Behavior Scale is often used in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trials. The Adaptive Behavior Composite Score (VABS-ABC) is the standardized overall score (the average of the Socialization, Communication and Daily Living…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): informing clinical practice for multidisciplinary teams in England

Helen L. Reeves, John Reicher, Georgia Priona et al. · 2022 · Frontline Gastroenterology

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deaths are rising alarmingly. Many patients are unsuitable for available therapies. Poor response rates further hamper outcomes for those that are. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) offers hope, although which patients benefit over standard approaches remains unclear. Design/method: As a quality/service improvement, we audited consecutive patients treated with SIRT (2015-2020) by the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust HCC multidisciplinary team. Indications, Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage, treat

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ocular Surface Ion Transport and Dry Eye Disease

Ethan S. Lindgren, Onur Çil, A. S. Verkman et al. · 2022 · Current Ophthalmology Reports

Purpose of Review: To review the role of ocular surface epithelial (corneal and conjunctival) ion transporters in the pathogenesis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED). Recent Findings: Currently, anti-inflammatory agents are the mainstay of DED treatment, though there are several agents in development that target ion transport proteins on the ocular surface, acting by pro-secretory or anti-absorptive mechanisms to increase the tear fluid Film volume. Activation or inhibition of selected ion transporters can alter tear fluid osmolality, driving water transport onto the ocular surface via osm

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy and safety of combination behavioral activation for smoking cessation and varenicline for treating tobacco dependence among individuals with current or past major depressive disorder: A 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Brian Hitsman, George D. Papandonatos, Jackie K. Gollan et al. · 2023 · Addiction

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Treatment of depression-related psychological factors related to smoking behavior may improve rates of cessation among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study measured the efficacy and safety of 12…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Implications of root morphology and anatomy for water deficit tolerance and recovery of grapevine rootstocks

David García Alonso, Ignacio Buesa, Luis Flor et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Plant Science

The intensification of drought conditions due to climate change poses a major challenge to sustainable grape production. Rootstocks are essential in supporting grapevine water uptake and drought resilience; however, their physiological responses to water stress are not fully understood. Under the hypothesis that root morphology and anatomy may be key traits in grapevine tolerance to water deficit, this study aimed to investigate these traits across diverse rootstocks under progressive water deficit and recovery phases. Thirteen genotypes, including commercial rootstocks and recently bred RG-se

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species

Catherine S. Jarnevich, Helen R. Sofaer, Pairsa Belamaric et al. · 2022 · NeoBiota

Aim : Species distribution models can guide invasive species prevention and management by characterizing invasion risk across space. However, extrapolation and transferability issues pose challenges for developing useful models for invasive species. Previous work has emphasized the importance of including all available occurrences in model estimation, but managers attuned to local processes may be skeptical of models based on a broad spatial extent if they suspect the captured responses reflect those of other regions where data are more numerous. We asked whether species distribution models fo

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Combining Structural and Vascular Parameters to Discriminate Among Glaucoma Patients, Glaucoma Suspects, and Healthy Subjects

Alessandro Rabiolo, Federico Fantaguzzi, Riccardo Sacconi et al. · 2021 · Translational Vision Science & Technology

Purpose: Compare the ability of peripapillary and macular structural parameters, vascular parameters, and their integration to discriminate among glaucoma, suspected glaucoma (GS), and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: In this study, 196…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

New cycle, same old mistakes? Overlapping vs. discrete generations in long-term recurrent selection

Marlee R. Labroo, Jessica Rutkoski · 2022 · BMC Genomics

BACKGROUND: Recurrent selection is a foundational breeding method for quantitative trait improvement. It typically features rapid breeding cycles that can lead to high rates of genetic gain. Usually, generations are discrete in recurrent selection, which means that breeding candidates are evaluated and considered for selection for only one cycle. Alternately, generations can overlap, with breeding candidates considered for selection as parents for multiple cycles. With recurrent genomic selection but not phenotypic selection, candidates can be re-evaluated by using genomic estimated breeding v

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Predicting ‘Brainage’ in late childhood to adolescence (6-17yrs) using structural MRI, morphometric similarity, and machine learning

Daniel Griffiths-King, Amanda Wood, Jan Novák · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Brain development is regularly studied using structural MRI. Recently, studies have used a combination of statistical learning and large-scale imaging databases of healthy children to predict an individual's age from structural MRI. This data-driven, predicted 'Brainage' typically differs from the subjects chronological age, with this difference a potential measure of individual difference. Few studies have leveraged higher-order or connectomic representations of structural MRI data for this Brainage approach. We leveraged morphometric similarity as a network-level approach to structural MRI t

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Metagenomic comparison of effects of mesophilic and thermophilic manure anaerobic digestion on antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements

Daniel Flores-Orozco, David B. Levin, Ayush Kumar et al. · 2023 · Environmental Advances

This study evaluated the long-term effects of mesophilic (MAD) and thermophilic (TAD) anaerobic digestion on the fate and evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in cattle manure following a…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Target Size Manipulations Affect Error-Processing Duration and Success Perceptions but not Behavioural Indices of Learning

Nicole T. Ong, Jamie Hawke, Nicola J. Hodges · 2019 · Brain Sciences

We evaluated if and how success perceptions, through target size manipulations, impact processes related to motor learning. This work was based on recent literature suggesting that expectations and self-efficacy exert a direct impact on learning. We measured arousal, kinematics, learner expectancies, motivation, and outcomes in a dart-throwing task. Novices (n = 29) were assigned to either a “Large-target” (horizontal target, 10-cm high) or “Small-target” (2-cm high) group for practice (t = 90), and both groups completed 24-h retention tests. The Small-target group took longer to plan and proc

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

BLOOD LIPID LEVELS RELATED TO ALLERGIC RHINITIS: A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION?

Ignazio La Mantia, Claudio Andaloro, Pasquale Gianluca Albanese et al. · 2026 · EuroMediterranean Biomedical Journal

Allergic rhinitis is a common problem increasing greatly over the past three decades. Several studies have found a possible link between dyslipidem ia and allergic disease but the relating causal mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this…

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Negative / Null Result ReportEarth and Planetary Sciences

Tornadic Supercell Environments Analyzed Using Surface and Reanalysis Data: A Spatiotemporal Relational Data-Mining Approach

David John Gagne, Amy McGovern, Jeffrey B. Basara et al. · 2012 · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Abstract Oklahoma Mesonet surface data and North American Regional Reanalysis data were integrated with the tracks of over 900 tornadic and nontornadic supercell thunderstorms in Oklahoma from 1994 to 2003 to observe the evolution of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportComputer Science

Significant Association Rule Mining with High Associability

Subrata Datta, Kalyani Mali · 2021

Traditional support-confidence framework based association rule mining approaches often generate huge number of rules including the insignificant ones. These insignificant association rules are useless in knowledge discovery. One of the…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Prediction of breast cancer survivability using ensemble algorithms

Vincent Adegoke, Daqing Chen, Ebad Banissi et al. · 2017

In this paper, several ensemble cancer survivability predictive models are presented and tested based on three variants of AdaBoost algorithm. In the models we used Random Forest, Radial Basis Function Network and Neural Network algorithms…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparison of newer Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical and Barrett Universal II for calculation of intraocular lens power in Indian eyes

Prajakta Paritekar, Akshay Nayak, Y Umesh et al. · 2022 · Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II in predicting intraocular lens (IOL) power in Indian eyes. Methods: This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary…

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Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience

How does Stroop interference change with practice? A reappraisal from the musical Stroop paradigm.

Laurent Grégoire, Pierre Perruchet, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat · 2014 · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition

Most earlier studies investigating the evolution of the Stroop effect with the amount of reading practice have reported data consistent with an inverted U-shaped curve, whereby the Stroop effect appears early during reading acquisition,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Polyprotein Processing as a Determinant for in Vitro Activity of Semliki Forest Virus Replicase

Maija K. Pietilä, Irina C. Albulescu, Martijn J. van Hemert et al. · 2017 · Viruses

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that induces membrane invaginations (spherules) in host cells. These harbor the viral replication complexes (RC) that synthesize viral RNA. Alphaviruses have four replicase or nonstructural proteins (nsPs), nsP1-4, expressed as polyprotein P1234. An early RC, which synthesizes minus-strand RNA, is formed by the polyprotein P123 and the polymerase nsP4. Further proteolytic cleavage results in a late RC consisting of nsP1-4 and synthesizing plus strands. Here, we show that only the late RCs are highly active in RNA synthesis in vitro. F

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Genome-Wide Investigation of Copy Number Variation in Patients with Sporadic Brain Arteriovenous Malformation

Nasrine Bendjilali, Helen Kim, Shantel Weinsheimer et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) are clusters of abnormal blood vessels, with shunting of blood from the arterial to venous circulation and a high risk of rupture and intracranial hemorrhage. Most BAVMs are sporadic, but also occur in patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, a Mendelian disorder caused by mutations in genes in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. METHODS: To investigate whether copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to risk of sporadic BAVM, we performed a genome-wide association study in 371 sporadic BAVM cases and 56

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions?

Nuno Gomes, Bettina M. Pause, Monique A. M. Smeets et al. · 2023 · Chemical Senses

Fear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A cross-sectional study to assess response generated by ChatGPT and ChatSonic to patient queries about Epilepsy

Aditya Kumar Gudimella Tirumala, Shubham Mishra, Nritya Trivedi et al. · 2023 · Telematics and Informatics Reports

This article presents a study comparing the responses of two AI chatbots, ChatGPT and ChatSonic, regarding inquiries about epilepsy. Overall, ChatGPT and ChatSonic are very similar in terms of their capabilities and limitations and they…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

True versus Spurious Long Memory in Cryptocurrencies

Dooruj Rambaccussing, Murat Mazibaş · 2020 · Journal of risk and financial management

We test whether the selected cryptocurrencies exhibit long memory behavior in returns and volatility. We use data on five most traded cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, and XRP. Using recent tests of long memory developed against persistent and nonlinear alternatives, this paper finds that long memory is mostly rejected in returns. The tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of long memory in most cases across different volatility proxies and cryptocurrencies. The estimated memory parameters show that volatility is persistent, and when volatility is measured by log r

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Rodent Models of Alzheimer’s Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects

Helen M Collins, Susan A. Greenfield · 2024 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropatho

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