Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology
Warren Tierney, Jay H. Hardy, Charles R. Ebersole et al. · 2020 · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Daniel Romero-Álvarez, A. Townsend Peterson, Johanna S. Salzer et al. · 2020 · PLoS neglected tropical diseases
BACKGROUND: Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) is an emergent bacterium closely related to Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax. The latter has a worldwide distribution and usually causes infectious disease in mammals associated with savanna ecosystems. Bcbva was identified in humid tropical forests of Côte d'Ivoire in 2001. Here, we characterize the potential geographic distributions of Bcbva in West Africa and B. anthracis in sub-Saharan Africa using an ecological niche modeling approach. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Georeferenced occurrence data for B. anthracis and
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Carla Wunderle, Franziska Stumpf, Philipp Schüetz · 2024 · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
The complex interplay between nutrition and inflammation has become a major focus of research in recent years across different clinical settings and patient populations. Inflammation has been identified as a key driver for disease-related…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Charlotte Brierley, Cristina Castilla‐Llorente, Myriam Labopin et al. · 2018 · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation [AHSCT] is a therapeutic option for patients with severe, treatment-refractory Crohn's disease [CD]. The evidence base for AHSCT for CD is limited, with one…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Mira Johri, Valéry Ridde, Rolf Heinmüller et al. · 2014 · Bulletin of the World Health Organization
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact on maternal and child mortality after eliminating user fees for pregnant women and for children less than five years of age in Burkina Faso. METHODS: Two health districts in the Sahel region eliminated user fees for facility deliveries and curative consultations for children in September 2008. To compare health-care coverage before and after this change, we used interrupted time series, propensity scores and three independent data sources. Coverage changes were assessed for four variables: women giving birth at a health facility, and children aged 1 to 59 mont
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Wei‐Cheng Lin, Yi‐Fang Ding, Han‐Lin Hsu et al. · 2017 · Cancer
BACKGROUND: Few large, prospective, randomized studies have investigated the value and optimal application of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (trimodality therapy) or definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC). METHODS: The authors analyzed data from patients with TESCC in the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. To compare their outcomes, patients with TESCC were enrolled and categorized into the following groups according to treatment modality: group 1, those who underwent surgery alone; group 2, those wh
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James R. Slauterbeck, Rebecca Choquette, Timothy W. Tourville et al. · 2019 · The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Background: Lower extremity injuries are common in high school sports and are costly, and some have poor outcomes. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program has been shown to decrease injuries in elite athletes by up to 72%. Hypothesis: High…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Jolien Schildermans, Greet De Vlieger · 2020 · Frontiers in Medicine
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most pathogenic viruses in human. After a primary infection, CMV resides in the host for life as a latent infection. When immunity is reduced, CMV can escape the suppressive effects of the immune system and lead to viremia and antigenemia. This reactivation, first seen in transplant patients, has also been documented in non-immunocompromised CMV-seropositive critically ill patients and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. In the latter, it is not clear whether CMV reactivation is an innocent bystander or the cause of this observed worse outcome
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Stéphanie Gaillard, Marianna Zahurak, Anup Sharma et al. · 2019 · Cancer
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic abnormalities are manifold in all solid tumors and include changes in chromatin configuration and DNA methylation. The authors designed a phase 1 study to evaluate the oral DNA methyltransferase inhibitor CC-486…
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EDWARD LEE, NORMAN STRONG, ZHENMEI (JUDY) ZHU · 2014 · Journal of Accounting Research
ABSTRACT Between 2000 and 2003 a series of disclosure and analyst regulations curbing abusive financial reporting and analyst behavior were enacted to strengthen the information environment of U.S. capital markets. We investigate whether…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences
Myra Cheng, Cinoo Lee, Pranav Khadpe et al. · 2026 · Science
Despite rising concerns about sycophancy—excessive agreement or flattery from artificial intelligence (AI) systems—little is known about its prevalence or consequences. We show that sycophancy is widespread and harmful. Across 11 state-of-the-art models, AI affirmed users’ actions 49% more often than humans, even when queries involved deception, illegality, or other harms. In three preregistered experiments ( N = 2405), even a single interaction with sycophantic AI reduced participants’ willingness to take responsibility and repair interpersonal conflicts, while increasing their conviction tha
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Y Yamamura, Chisa Nakashima, Atsushi Otsuka · 2024 · Frontiers in Medicine
The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is understood to be crucially influenced by three main factors: dysregulation of the immune response, barrier dysfunction, and pruritus. In the lesional skin of AD, various innate immune cells, including Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and basophils, produce Th2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31]. Alarmins such as TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 are also produced by epidermal keratinocytes, amplifying type 2 inflammation. In the chronic phase, not only Th2 cells but also Th22 and Th17 cells increase in number, leading to suppre
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics
Rink Hoekstra, Rei Monden, Don van Ravenzwaaij et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE
Efficient medical progress requires that we know when a treatment effect is absent. We considered all 207 Original Articles published in the 2015 volume of the New England Journal of Medicine and found that 45 (21.7%) reported a null result for at least one of the primary outcome measures. Unfortunately, standard statistical analyses are unable to quantify the degree to which these null results actually support the null hypothesis. Such quantification is possible, however, by conducting a Bayesian hypothesis test. Here we reanalyzed a subset of 43 null results from 36 articles using a default
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Emily N. C. Manoogian, Michael J. Wilkinson, Monica A. O'Neal et al. · 2024 · Annals of Internal Medicine
BACKGROUND: Time-restricted eating (TRE), limiting daily dietary intake to a consistent 8 to 10 hours without mandating calorie reduction, may provide cardiometabolic benefits. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of TRE as a lifestyle…
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Safina Islam, Olivia Joseph, Atiha Chaudry et al. · 2021 · Research Involvement and Engagement
Abstract Background Public involvement in clinical translational research is increasingly recognised as essential for relevant and reliable research. Public involvement must be diverse and inclusive to enable research that has the…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Dipongkor Saha, Samuel D. Rabkin, Robert L. Martuza · 2020 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy is a current standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM), however it has only extended overall survival by a few months. Because it also modulates the immune system, both beneficially and negatively,…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Mayukh Chakrabarti, Hyunbum Jang, Ruth Nussinov · 2016 · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Human HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS genes encode four isoforms of Ras, a p21 GTPase. Mutations in KRAS account for the majority of RAS-driven cancers. The KRAS has two splice variants, K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B. Due to their reversible palmitoylation,…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportImmunology and Microbiology
Edwin Hoe, Fiona C. McKay, Stephen D. Schibeci et al. · 2010 · The Journal of Immunology
Common genetic variants of IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) have recently been shown to affect susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes, and survival following bone marrow transplantation. Transcription of the gene…
View details →Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine
Troy C. Sutton, Elaine W. Lamirande, Kevin W. Bock et al. · 2017 · Journal of Virology
ABSTRACT Influenza viruses of the H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 subtypes have caused previous pandemics. H2 influenza viruses represent a pandemic threat due to continued circulation in wild birds and limited immunity in the human population. In…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Karolina Strzebońska, Marcin Waligóra · 2019 · BMC Medical Ethics
BACKGROUND: Novel precision oncology trial designs, such as basket and umbrella trials, are designed to test new anticancer agents in more effective and affordable ways. However, they present some ethical concerns referred to scientific validity, risk-benefit balance and informed consent. Our aim is to discuss these issues in basket and umbrella trials, giving examples of two ongoing cancer trials: NCI-MATCH (National Cancer Institute - Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice) and Lung-MAP (Lung Cancer Master Protocol) study. MAIN BODY: We discuss three ethical requirements for clinical trials w
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Gil Awada, Laïla Ben Salama, Jennifer Cremer et al. · 2020 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
BACKGROUND: No treatment demonstrated to improve survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (rGB) in a randomized trial. Combining axitinib with the programmed cell death ligand 1 blocking monoclonal antibody avelumab may result in…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Sumit K. Subudhi, Bilal A. Siddiqui, Ana M. Aparicio et al. · 2021 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has low response rates in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), in part due to few T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Anti-cytotoxic T…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Katja Werlenius, Sara Kinhult, Tora S. Solheim et al. · 2023 · JAMA Network Open
Importance: Disulfiram has demonstrated broad antitumoral effect in several preclinical studies. One of the proposed indications is for the treatment of glioblastoma. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of disulfiram and copper as add-on to alkylating chemotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase II/III clinical trial with parallel group design. Patients were recruited at 7 study sites in Sweden and 2 sites in Norway between January 2017 and November 2020. Eligible patients were 18 years
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Zhuan Li, Yohei Yamauchi, Maki Kamakura et al. · 2011 · Journal of Virology
Tankyrase 1 is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) which localizes to multiple subcellular sites, including telomeres and mitotic centrosomes. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein by tankyrase 1 during…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
Oleg Badunenko, Diego Romero‐Ávila · 2013 · International Economic Review
We extend the deterministic, nonparametric production frontier framework by incorporating financial development. Our analysis convincingly shows that (1) failure to account for financial development overstates the role of physical capital…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology
Michael Bang Petersen, Lasse Laustsen · 2018 · Political Psychology
Animal models of conflict behavior predict that an organism's behavior in a conflict situation is influenced by physical characteristics related to abilities to impose costs on adversaries. Stronger and larger organisms should be more…
View details →Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessEarth and Planetary Sciences
K. V. Cashman · 2020 · Frontiers in Earth Science
Studies of magmatic systems have long used the textures of erupted samples to infer processes that control the location and duration of magma storage and drive volcanic eruptions from these storage regions. Models of volcanic processes and magmatic systems have evolved substantially over the past decades, in large part because of advances in analytical and experimental techniques. Cooling- and decompression-experiments have greatly enhanced our understanding of crystal textures produced by crystallization associated with volcanic eruptions, while advances in compositional mapping, isotopic ana
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Suzanne Lockyer, Rob Hodgson, Jo C Dumville et al. · 2013 · Trials
Abstract Background Spin in the reporting of randomized controlled trials, where authors report research in a way that potentially misrepresents results and mislead readers, has been demonstrated in the broader medical literature. We…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Michael Notaras, Rachel Hill, Joseph A. Gogos et al. · 2015 · Molecular Psychiatry
The BDNF gene Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism is carried by ~0.55% of Sub-Saharan Africans, 19.9% of Europeans and 43.6% of Asians, but may be carried by up to 72% of some Sub-Asian population groups. 1 The switch from a guanine to…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Salah Uddin Khan, Henrik Salje, Abu Sayeed Md. Abdul Hannan et al. · 2014 · PLoS neglected tropical diseases
BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection can cause severe disease in humans, resulting in death or permanent neurologic deficits among survivors. Studies indicate that the incidence of JE is high in northwestern Bangladesh. Pigs are amplifying hosts for JE virus (JEV) and a potentially important source of virus in the environment. The objectives of this study were to describe the transmission dynamics of JEV among pigs in northwestern Bangladesh and estimate the potential impact of vaccination to reduce incidence among pigs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a comprehe
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