e-ISSN: Pending

Browse the failure-mode index

21,239 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Identification, Molecular Cloning, and Analysis of Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus Transmitted/Founder Genotypes 1, 3, and 4

Mark B. Stoddard, Hui Li, Shuyi Wang et al. · 2015 · mBio

UNLABELLED: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by persistent replication of a complex mixture of viruses termed a "quasispecies." Transmission is generally associated with a stringent population bottleneck characterized by infection by limited numbers of "transmitted/founder" (T/F) viruses. Characterization of T/F genomes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been integral to studies of transmission, immunopathogenesis, and vaccine development. Here, we describe the identification of complete T/F genomes of HCV by single-genome sequencing of plasma viral RNA from a

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Genomewide association study of tenofovir pharmacokinetics and creatinine clearance in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol A5202

Valentine Wanga, Charles S. Venuto, Gene D. Morse et al. · 2015 · Pharmacogenetics and Genomics

BACKGROUND: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) causes kidney toxicity in some patients. We carried out genomewide analyses to identify associations with plasma tenofovir clearance and change in creatinine clearance (CrCl) during the first…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

What do we know about the second moment of financial markets?

Klaus Grobys · 2021 · International Review of Financial Analysis

Recent research shows that the vast majority of scientific studies published in leading finance journals fails scientific replication (Hou, Xue, and Zhang, 2020; Harvey, Liu, and Zhu; 2016). This study argues that p-hacking, publication pressure and the selection bias from leading finance journals are perhaps not the underlying root cause for this issue. This study shows that standard methodologies often used in finance research are inevitably sample-specific due to the very nature of financial markets. While the consensus of earlier research postulates a rejection of the time-honored Levy hyp

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

Effects of the Reread-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend and goal setting intervention on decoding and reading comprehension skills of young adults with intellectual disabilities

Youjia Hua, Chengan Yuan, Kristin V. Monroe et al. · 2016 · Developmental Neurorehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: Reread-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend (RAAC) + Goal Setting intervention is a reading intervention that addresses both oral reading fluency (ORF) and reading comprehension while supporting persistence and motivation for learners…

View details →
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Electrophysiological profile of vernakalant in an experimental whole-heart model: the absence of proarrhythmia despite significant effect on myocardial repolarization

Gerrit Frommeyer, Peter Milberg, C. Clauss et al. · 2014 · EP Europace

AIM: The most recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) update on atrial fibrillation has introduced vernakalant (VER) for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Does Belief in Free Will Increase Support for Economic Inequality?

Brett Mercier, Dylan Wiwad, Paul K. Piff et al. · 2020 · Collabra Psychology

Does belief in free will increase support for economic inequality? Five studies using diverse measures and methods tested this question. Study 1 finds belief in free will is associated with increased support for inequality. Study 2 manipulates belief in free will and does not find evidence that this changes support for inequality. Studies 3 and 4 find that people are more willing to support inequality in a hypothetical universe where free will exists compared to one where it does not (dz = 0.10–0.13), indicating that people believe the existence of free will justifies inequality. However, a be

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Wearing a bike helmet leads to less cognitive control, revealed by lower frontal midline theta power and risk indifference

Barbara Schmidt, Luisa Keßler, Clay B. Holroyd et al. · 2019 · Psychophysiology

A recent study claims that participants wearing a bike helmet behave riskier in a computer-based risk task compared to control participants without a bike helmet. We hypothesized that wearing a bike helmet reduces cognitive control over risky behavior. To test our hypothesis, we recorded participants' EEG brain responses while they played a risk game developed in our laboratory. Previously, we found that, in this risk game, anxious participants showed greater levels of cognitive control as revealed by greater frontal midline theta power, which was associated with less risky decisions. Here, we

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS) among Spanish Adolescent Males

Ana R. Sepúlveda, Dimitra Anastasiadou, Yolanda de Pellegrin et al. · 2016 · Men and Masculinities

The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS) among a sample of 212 adolescent males by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis. The data revealed that while muscularity and low body fat factors were appropriate for the male sample, the height factor was not supported. The composite MBAS-Spanish version (MBAS-S) and its two factors had high internal consistency and were not significantly related to the traditionally used measure of body image (Eating Disorder Inventory–Body Dissatisfaction [BD]), confirming that this subscale only appears t

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Development of a digital twin of a tablet that mimics a real solid dosage form: Differences in the dissolution profile in conventional mini-USP II and a biorelevant colon model

Michael Schütt, Konstantinos Stamatopoulos, Hannah Batchelor et al. · 2022 · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The performance of colon-targeted solid dosage forms is commonly assessed using standardised pharmacopeial dissolution apparatuses like the USP II or the miniaturised replica, the mini-USP II. However, these fail to replicate the hydrodynamics and shear stresses in the colonic environment, which is crucial for the tablet's drug release process. In this work, computer simulations are used to create a digital twin of a dissolution apparatus and to develop a method to create a digital twin of a tablet that behaves realistically. These models are used to investigate the drug release profiles and s

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Psychometric Validation Study of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Reported Version for Brazilian Portuguese

Larissa Forni dos Santos, Sônia Regina Loureiro, José Alexandre S. Crippa et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is prevalent and rarely diagnosed due to the difficulty in recognizing its symptoms as belonging to a disorder. Therefore, the evaluation/screening scales are of great importance for its detection, with the most used being the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Thus, this study proposed to evaluate the psychometric properties of internal consistency and convergent validity, as well as the confirmatory factorial analysis and reliability of the self-reported version of the LSAS (LSAS-SR), translated into Brazilian Portuguese, in a sample of the general populatio

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Handedness, Earnings, Ability and Personality. Evidence from the Lab

Marcello Sartarelli · 2016 · PLoS ONE

Evidence showing that on average left-handed (L), who are 10% in a population, tend to earn less than others is solely based on survey data. This paper is the first to test the relationship between handedness and earnings experimentally and also to assess whether the mechanism underlying it is predominantly cognitive or psychological. Data on 432 undergraduate students show that L do not obtain significantly different payoffs, a proxy for earnings, in a stylised labour market with multiple principals and agents. Similarly, scores in the Cognitive Reflection Test are not significantly different

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Hydroxychloroquine and short-course radiotherapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma: a randomized phase II trial

Lucy Brazil, Angela Swampillai, Ka Man Mak et al. · 2020 · Neuro-Oncology Advances

BACKGROUND: Effective treatment for patients at least 70 years with newly diagnosed glioblastoma remains challenging and alternatives to conventional cytotoxics are appealing. Autophagy inhibition has shown promising efficacy and safety in small studies of glioblastoma and other cancers. METHODS: We conducted a randomized phase II trial to compare radiotherapy with or without hydroxychloroquine (2:1 allocation). Patients aged at least 70 years with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma deemed suitable for short-course radiotherapy with an ECOG performance status of 0-1 were included. Radiotherapy

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Current potential therapeutics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Lijun Lu, Youqing Deng, Renshi Xu · 2024 · Frontiers in Neurology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating motor neurological disorder for which there is still no cure. The disease seriously jeopardizes the health and lifespan of adult populations. The authors extensively retrieved the current literature about clinical and experimental ALS treatments. Based on them, this review primarily focused on summarizing the current potential clinical usage and trialing therapeutics of ALS. Currently, the clinical ALS treatments have focused primarily on relieving symptoms to improve the quality of life yet. There are a number of therapeutic approaches suc

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Bystander Intervention Efficacy to Reduce Teen Dating Violence Among High School Youth Who Did and Did Not Witness Parental Partner Violence: A Path Analysis of A Cluster RCT

Annelise Mennicke, Heather M. Bush, Candace J. Brancato et al. · 2021 · Journal of Family Violence

Abstract Youth who witness parental intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk of teen dating violence (DV). This analysis of secondary data investigated whether a bystander intervention program, Green Dot, was effective at…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Systemic Activation of TLR3-Dependent TRIF Signaling Confers Host Defense against Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Intestine

Jose Ruiz, Saravana Kanagavelu, Claudia Flores et al. · 2016 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Recognition of Gram-negative bacteria by toll-like receptor (TLR)4 induces MyD88 and TRIF mediated responses. We have shown that TRIF-dependent responses play an important role in intestinal defense against Gram-negative enteropathogens. In the current study, we examined underlying mechanisms of how systemic TRIF activation enhances intestinal immune defense against Gram-negative bacteria. First we confirmed that the protective effect of poly I:C against enteric infection of mice with Yersinia enterocolitica was dependent on TLR3-mediated TRIF signaling by using TLR3-deficient mice. This prote

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Uric acid as a predictor of endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome

Charanpreet Singh, Sanjay Jain, Veena Dhawan et al. · 2020 · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study to examine the association of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress with uric acid levels in patients of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: One hundred and two patients of Metabolic Syndrome (International Diabetes Federation definition) were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements, serum uric acid levels, fasting blood sugar levels and lipid levels, as well as malondialdehyde and reactive nitrogen intermediates were measured after an 8-hour fasting period. Flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured and endothelial dysfuncti

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Fresh‐frozen plasma transfusion did not reduce 30‐day mortality in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery with excessive bleeding: the PLASMACARD multicenter cohort study

Adélaïde Doussau, Paul Perez, Maryse Puntous et al. · 2013 · Transfusion

Background During on‐pump cardiac surgery, hemorrhagic complications occur frequently. Fresh‐frozen plasma ( FFP ) is widely transfused to provide coagulation factors. Yet, no randomized clinical trial has demonstrated its benefits on…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Genetic polymorphisms of the adrenergic system and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies in patients with heart failure

Diego Chemello, Luís Eduardo Paim Rohde, Kátia Gonçalves dos Santos et al. · 2010 · EP Europace

AIMS: We investigated whether the combination of beta(1)-Gly389Arg and GNB3 C825T, two genetic polymorphisms strictly related to adrenergic system modulation, could act as predictors of appropriate therapies in patients with heart failure…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Significant Differences in RNA Structure Destabilization by HIV-1 Gag∆p6 and NCp7 Proteins

Micah J. McCauley, Ioulia Rouzina, Jasmine Li et al. · 2020 · Viruses

Retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins are nucleic acid chaperones that play distinct roles in the viral life cycle. During reverse transcription, HIV-1 NC facilitates the rearrangement of nucleic acid secondary structures, allowing the transactivation response (TAR) RNA hairpin to be transiently destabilized and annealed to a complementary RNA hairpin. In contrast, during viral assembly, NC, as a domain of the group-specific antigen (Gag) polyprotein, binds the genomic RNA and facilitates packaging into new virions. It is not clear how the same protein, alone or as part of Gag, performs such d

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Design and baseline characteristics of the LANDMARK study

Etsuro Ogata, Masafumi Fukagawa, Hideki Hirakata et al. · 2016 · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology

BACKGROUND: Calcium (Ca)-based phosphate (P) binders, compared to non-Ca-based P binders, contribute to vascular calcification, which is associated with cardiovascular events. METHODS: The LANDMARK study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel comparative study of lanthanum carbonate (LC) and calcium carbonate (CC) in hemodialysis patients. Stable hemodialysis patients with intact parathyroid hormone ≤240 pg/mL meeting ≥1 of the following criteria (age >65 years, postmenopause, diabetes mellitus) were randomized into the LC and CC groups. LC group patients initially received LC 750

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Blood Pressure Trajectories Prior to Death in Patients With Diabetes

Mary A.M. Rogers, Kathleen Ward, Tanya R. Gure et al. · 2011 · Diabetes Care

OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to examine trajectories of blood pressure (BP) in adults with diabetes and investigate the association of trajectory patterns with mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A nonconcurrent longitudinal…

View details →