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Browse the failure-mode index

21,234 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Performance similarities predict collective benefits in dyadic and triadic joint visual search

Basil Wahn, Artur Czeszumski, Peter König · 2018 · PLoS ONE

When humans perform tasks together, they may reach a higher performance in comparison to the best member of a group (i.e., a collective benefit). Earlier research showed that interindividual performance similarities predict collective benefits for several joint tasks. Yet, researchers did not test whether this is the case for joint visuospatial tasks. Also, researchers did not investigate whether dyads and triads reach a collective benefit when they are forbidden to exchange any information while performing a visuospatial task. In this study, participants performed a joint visual search task e

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Peptide‐Drug Conjugates: A New Hope for Cancer

Amy Armstrong, Fleur Coburn, Yanyamba Nsereko et al. · 2025 · Journal of Peptide Science

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are advancing as targeted cancer therapies, leveraging lessons from antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to improve tumour specificity. These molecules combine a homing peptide with a cytotoxic payload via a linker, enabling precise drug delivery while sparing healthy tissue. Despite their potential, PDCs face challenges including metabolic instability, premature payload release and rapid clearance, limiting clinical success. Only Lutathera remains FDA-approved after Pepaxto's withdrawal, though Pepaxto retains EMA and MHRA approval-highlighting regulatory and technic

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Negative / Null Result Report

Invasive crayfish outperform Potamonautid crabs at higher temperatures

Takudzwa C. Madzivanzira, Josie South, Olaf L. F. Weyl · 2021 · Freshwater Biology

Abstract Data on ecological impacts of freshwater crayfish invasions in Africa are scarce but invasion history suggests the likelihood of negative implications for biodiversity. To evaluate the potential for ecological impacts we describe…

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Negative / Null Result Report

Do compassionate firms outperform? The role of organizational learning

Jacob Guinot, Sandra Miralles, Alma Rodríguez-Sánchez et al. · 2020 · Employee Relations: The International Journal

Purpose Based on a new management paradigm rooted on care and compassion, this study explores the consequences of compassion at work on organizational learning and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling…

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Negative / Null Result Report

One chiral fingerprint to find them all

Markus Orsi, Jean-Louis Reymond · 2024 · Journal of Cheminformatics

Abstract Molecular fingerprints are indispensable tools in cheminformatics. However, stereochemistry is generally not considered, which is problematic for large molecules which are almost all chiral. Herein we report MAP4C, a chiral…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Development of Three-Dimensional Human Intestinal Organoids as a Physiologically Relevant Model for Characterizing the Viral Replication Kinetics and Antiviral Susceptibility of Enteroviruses

Jessica Oi‐Ling Tsang, Jie Zhou, Xiaoyu Zhao et al. · 2021 · Biomedicines

Enteroviruses are important causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease, respiratory infections, and neurological infections in human. A major hurdle for the development of anti-enterovirus agents is the lack of physiologically relevant evaluation platforms that closely correlate with the in vivo state. We established the human small intestinal organoids as a novel platform for characterizing the viral replication kinetics and evaluating candidate antivirals for enteroviruses. The organoids supported productive replication of enterovirus (EV)-A71, coxsackievirus B2, and poliovirus type 3, as evide

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Kawasaki disease and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination among young children: A self-controlled risk interval and cohort study with null results

Meghan A. Baker, Bethany Baer, Martin Kulldorff et al. · 2019 · PLoS Medicine

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children younger than 5 years of age. Its etiology is unknown. The United States Vaccine Safety Datalink conducted postlicensure safety surveillance for 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), comparing the risk of Kawasaki disease within 28 days of PCV13 vaccination with the historical risk after 7-valent PCV (PCV7) vaccination and using chart-validation. A relative risk (RR) of 2.38 (95% CI 0.92-6.38) was found. Concurrently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted a postlicensure safety review that

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Surgical Methods and Experiences of Surgeons did not Significantly Affect the Recovery in Phonation Following Reconstruction of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Kana Yoshioka, Akira Miyauchi, Mitsuhiro Fukushima et al. · 2016 · World Journal of Surgery

BACKGROUND: We reported phonatory recovery in the majority of 88 patients after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) reconstruction. Here we analyzed factors that might influence the recovery, in a larger patient series. METHODS: At Kuma Hospital, 449 patients (354 females and 95 males) underwent RLN reconstruction with direct anastomosis, ansa cervicalis-to-RLN anastomosis, free nerve grafting, or vagus-to-RLN anastomosis; 47.4 % had vocal cord paralysis (VCP) preoperatively. Maximum phonation time (MPT) and mean airflow rate during phonation (MFR) were measured 1 year post surgery. Forty patients

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Adjuvant MUC vaccination with tecemotide after resection of colorectal liver metastases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter AIO phase II trial (LICC)

Carl Christoph Schimanski, Stefan Kasper, Susanna Hegewisch‐Becker et al. · 2020 · OncoImmunology

= .2141), respectively. Cox regression models revealed no dependence of RFS or OS on MUC1 expression. The most common tecemotide-related grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea, injection site reaction, intestinal perforation, peritonitis…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Assessment of potential enhancing effects of a carbohydrase mixture on phytase efficacy in male broiler chicks fed phosphorus-deficient diets from 1 to 18 days of age

Ahmad Karimi, Yuna Min, C. Lu et al. · 2012 · Poultry Science

A total of 540 one-day-old male broiler chicks were used to evaluate the potential enhancing effects of a mixture of 2 commercial carbohydrase preparations on phytase efficacy. A nonphytate phosphorus (nPP) deficient diet (0.15%) was…

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Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science

Synthesizing Laboratory and Field Experiments to Quantify Dominant Transformation Mechanisms of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Aquatic Environments

Amber White, Michelle Nault, Katherine D. McMahon et al. · 2022 · Environmental Science & Technology

Laboratory studies used to assess the environmental fate of organic chemicals such as pesticides fail to replicate environmental conditions, resulting in large errors in predicted transformation rates. We combine laboratory and field data…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Issues and advances in research methods on video games and cognitive abilities

Bartosz Sobczyk, Paweł Dobrowolski, Maciek Skorko et al. · 2015 · Frontiers in Psychology

The impact of video game playing on cognitive abilities has been the focus of numerous studies over the last 10 years. Some cross-sectional comparisons indicate the cognitive advantages of video game players (VGPs) over non-players (NVGPs) and the benefits of video game trainings, while others fail to replicate these findings. Though there is an ongoing discussion over methodological practices and their impact on observable effects, some elementary issues, such as the representativeness of recruited VGP groups and lack of genre differentiation have not yet been widely addressed. In this articl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Published estimates of group differences in multisensory integration are inflated

John F. Magnotti, Michael S. Beauchamp · 2018 · PLoS ONE

A common measure of multisensory integration is the McGurk effect, an illusion in which incongruent auditory and visual speech are integrated to produce an entirely different percept. Published studies report that participants who differ in age, gender, culture, native language, or traits related to neurological or psychiatric disorders also differ in their susceptibility to the McGurk effect. These group-level differences are used as evidence for fundamental alterations in sensory processing between populations. Using empirical data and statistical simulations tested under a range of conditio

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comorbidity of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Disease Exert Significant Effect on RBC Indices

Samuel Antwi‐Baffour, Jonathan Kofi Adjei, Peter Owadee Forson et al. · 2019 · Anemia

BACKGROUND: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) converts glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphogluconate in the pentose phosphate pathway and protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative damage. Their deficiency therefore makes RBCs prone to haemolysis. Sickle cell disease (SCD) on the other hand is a hereditary blood disorder in which there is a single nucleotide substitution in the codon for amino acid 6 substituting glutamic acid with valine. SCD patients are prone to haemolysis due to the shape of their red blood cells and if they are deficient in G6PD, the haemolysis may escalate. Repo

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Replicative Fitness Costs of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug Resistance Mutations on HIV Subtype C

Kimberly L. Armstrong, Tun‐Hou Lee, Max Essex · 2011 · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Single-dose nevirapine (NVP) is quite effective in preventing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mother to child; however, many women develop resistance to NVP in this setting. Comparing outcomes of clinical studies reveals an increased amount of resistance in subtype C relative to that in other subtypes. This study investigates how nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drug resistance mutations of subtype C affect replication capacity. The 103N, 106A, 106M, 181C, 188C, 188L, and 190A drug resistance mutations were placed in a reverse transcriptase (RT)

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

The Role of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 in Male Cognitive Aging and Dementia Risk: The Caerphilly Prospective Study

Christopher J. Green, Jeffrey M P Holly, Antony Bayer et al. · 2014 · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease

BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia in an aging population poses a significant burden on healthcare. Consequently, identifying modifiable physiological factors which may influence the onset of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMaterials Science

Significant effect of spin flip on the oxygen atom transfer reaction from (oxo)manganese(v) corroles to thioanisole: insights from density functional calculations

Chun Zhu, Jinxia Liang, Binju Wang et al. · 2012 · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

The electronic and structural features of (oxo)manganese(V) corroles and their catalyzed oxygen atom transfers to thioanisole in different spin states have been investigated by the B3LYP functional calculations. Calculations show that…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

No significant effect of uridine or pravastatin treatment for HIV lipoatrophy in men who have ceased thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy: a randomized trial*

Alexandra Calmy, Mark Bloch, Handan Wand et al. · 2010 · HIV Medicine

BACKGROUND: Lipoatrophy can complicate thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (tNRTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipoatrophy may be less likely with ART including ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r). Small,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

The UK Experience of a Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Metastatic Medulloblastoma Comprising Intensive Induction Chemotherapy, Hyperfractionated Accelerated Radiotherapy and Response Directed High Dose Myeloablative Chemotherapy or Maintenance Chemothera

Sindu Vivekanandan, Richard Breene, Ramya Ramanujachar et al. · 2015 · Pediatric Blood & Cancer

BACKGROUND: Historically, the 5-year overall survival (OS) for metastatic medulloblastoma (MMB) was less than 40%. The strategy of post-operative induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Phase matters when there is power: Phasic modulation of corticospinal excitability occurs at high amplitude sensorimotor mu-oscillations

Recep A. Ozdemir, Sofia Kirkman, Justine R. Magnuson et al. · 2022 · Neuroimage Reports

Prior studies have suggested that oscillatory activity in cortical networks can modulate stimulus-evoked responses through time-varying fluctuations in neural excitation-inhibition dynamics. Studies combining transcranial magnetic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Association of lysophosphatidic acids with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and progression to Alzheimer’s disease

Shahzad Ahmad, Adelina Orellana, Isabelle Köhler et al. · 2020 · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy

BACKGROUND: Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are bioactive signaling phospholipids that have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is largely unknown whether LPAs are associated with AD pathology and progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. METHODS: The current study was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples of 182 MCI patients from two independent cohorts. We profiled LPA-derived metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We evaluated the association of LPAs with CSF biomarkers of AD, Aβ-42, p-tau, and total tau levels overall and stra

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Land surveys show regional variability of historical fire regimes and dry forest structure of the western United States

William L. Baker, Mark A. Williams · 2018 · Ecological Applications

An understanding of how historical fire and structure in dry forests (ponderosa pine, dry mixed conifer) varied across the western United States remains incomplete. Yet, fire strongly affects ecosystem services, and forest restoration…

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Negative / Null Result ReportComputer Science

Inferring Statistically Significant Hidden Markov Models

Lu Yu, Jason Schwier, Ryan Craven et al. · 2013 · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are used to analyze real-world problems. We consider an approach that constructs minimum entropy HMMs directly from a sequence of observations. If an insufficient amount of observation data is used to generate…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Non-replication of the association between 5HTTLPR and response to psychological therapy for child anxiety disorders

Kathryn J. Lester, Susanna Roberts, Robert Keers et al. · 2015 · The British Journal of Psychiatry

BACKGROUND: We previously reported an association between 5HTTLPR genotype and outcome following cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in child anxiety (Cohort 1). Children homozygous for the low-expression short-allele showed more positive…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Initiating acute dialysis at earlier Acute Kidney Injury Network stage in critically ill patients without traditional indications does not improve outcome: A prospective cohort study

Cynthia Ciwei Lim, Chieh Suai Tan, Manish Kaushik et al. · 2014 · Nephrology

AIM: Optimal timing for acute renal replacement therapy (ARRT) initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate outcomes in patients who initiated ARRT for traditional indications versus…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The longevity-associated variant of BPIFB4 improves a CXCR4-mediated striatum–microglia crosstalk preventing disease progression in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease

Alba Di Pardo, Elena Ciaglia, Monica Cattaneo et al. · 2020 · Cell Death and Disease

Abstract The longevity-associated variant (LAV) of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family B member 4 (BPIFB4) has been found significantly enriched in long-living individuals. Neuroinflammation is a key player in Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by neural death due to expanded CAG repeats encoding a long polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein (Htt). Herein, we showed that striatal-derived cell lines with expanded Htt (STHdh Q 111/111 ) expressed and secreted lower levels of BPIFB4, when compared with Htt expressing cells (STHdh Q 7/

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