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21,257 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

The Distribution of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Apolipoprotein E Levels among Coronary Artery Patients Compared to Controls

Omer Atis, Semsettin Sahin, Koksal Ceyhan et al. · 2019 · Eurasian Journal of Medicine

Abstract Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease that is caused by various genetics and environmental factors. Genetically, predisposition is an important component for CAD. The candidate apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is the most studied one. ApoE is composed of e2, e3, e4 alleles and E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4, E4/4 genotypes. In this study, the relationship between CAD and apoE polymorphism and apoE level has been studied in Tokat region. Materials and Methods: The study population is composed of 100 CAD patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and 100 control

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of New-Generation Adhesive-Coated Bracket Systems In Comparison With Traditional Systems

Gökay Üstdal, Ayça Üstdal Güney, Eyüp Burak Küçük · 2024 · Current Research in Dental Sciences

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) of different traditional orthodontic adhesive systems and newly developed pre-coated adhesive systems.Methods: A total of 50 human maxillary premolars were bonded with Clarity advanced ceramic brackets using APC™ Flash-Free, APC™ PLUS, Transbond™ XT Light Cure, Opal® Bond™MV and, Blugloo™ adhesives. All samples underwent thermo-cycling. The SBS was determined using a testometric machine. A stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the adhesive remnant on debonded enamel surface. Differences among the adhesive

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSpecial aspects of education

Reading Online in Foreign Languages: A Study of Strategy Use

Richard Tsan-Jui Cheng · 2016 · International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning

Scores of studies have established that when learning online, students must be equipped with different sets of strategies and skills than in a physical classroom setting (Anderson, 2003; Broadbent & Poon, 2015; Coiro, 2007; Leu et al., 2007; Michinov, Brunot, Le Bohec, Juhel, & Delaval, 2011; Salmon, 2013). The present study, by virtue of exploring foreign language learners’ online reading experience, aimed to identify the reading strategies that learners would use when engaged in online reading activities in the target foreign languages. Thirty-two foreign language learners whose native langu

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Evaluation of the Association Among Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein, Inflammatory Markers, and Electromyography in Pediatric Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Dilek Agircan, Ozlem Ethemoglu, Mustafa Calik et al. · 2024 · Haseki Tıp Bülteni

Aim: Previous studies have shown that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level correlates with the number of demyelination criteria in electromyography in adult patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is a potentially life-threatening postinfectious disease. We aimed to assess the association between CSF protein level, inflammatory markers, and electrophysiological values in the diagnosis of pediatric patients to act quickly in treating GBS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty-nine children with GBS were retrospectively analyzed from the medical records of patients who

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Sensitivity of influenza virus to ultraviolet irradiation

Hessling, Martin, Gierke, Anna-Maria, Sicks, Ben et al. · 2022 · GMS Hygiene and Infection Control

Background: The measures implemented against the coronavirus pandemic also led to a sharp decline in influenza infections in the 2020/2021 flu season. In the meantime, however, the number of influenza infections has risen again; it is known from history that influenza viruses can also trigger severe pandemics. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of ultraviolet radiation in the spectral range of 200–40 for inactivating influenza viruses.Materials and methods: The scientific literature was searched for published ultraviolet (UV) irradiation experiments with influenza viruses and the results

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens

Influence of Pre‐Vaccination HPV Status on Vaccine Effectiveness Among Chinese Women: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study

Lucia Li, Haiyue Wu, Yibo Chen et al. · 2025 · Cancer Reports

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been available in China for only 8 years, and routine HPV testing is not recommended prior to vaccination. Therefore, evaluation of HPV vaccine effectiveness and the impact of pre‐vaccination HPV infection status on vaccine protective effect in Chinese women is warranted. Methods From June 2022 to June 2023, women aged 18 to 50 years without a history of cervical or uterine excision were recruited from three medical institutions. Baseline characteristics were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, with in

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the musculoskeletal system

The impact of robotic assistance for lumbar fusion surgery on 90-day surgical outcomes and 1-year revisions

Jeremy C Heard, Yunsoo A Lee, Nicholas D D'Antonio et al. · 2024 · Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine

Objectives: To evaluate the (1) 90-day surgical outcomes and (2) 1-year revision rate of robotic versus nonrobotic lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: Patients >18 years of age who underwent primary lumbar fusion surgery at our institution were identified and propensity-matched in a 1:1 fashion based on robotic assistance during surgery. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes, including 90-day surgical complications and 1-year revisions, were collected. Multivariable regression analysis was performed. Significance was set to P < 0.05. Results: Four hundred and fiftee

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Partos pélvicos.

J Neves, P J Santos, I Azevedo et al. · 1999 · Acta Médica Portuguesa

Labour is very important in breech presentation and it is associated to significant morbidity and mortality enhancement in recent years. The authors made a retrospective study of breech presentation and labour with this kind of fetal presentation, in Santa Maria Hospital in 1993 and analysed the following data: maternal age, parity, gestational age, the mode of delivery, the fetal weight, the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The authors also reviewed the Literature on the incidence, the most frequent complications and the management in labour to compare with the results of the study

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Technological infrastructure, sleep, and rest-activity patterns in a Kaqchikel Maya community.

Leela McKinnon, David R Samson, Charles L Nunn et al. · 2022 · PLoS ONE

Sleep duration, quality, and rest-activity pattern-a measure for inferring circadian rhythm-are influenced by multiple factors including access to electricity. Recent findings suggest that the safety and comfort afforded by technology may improve sleep but negatively impact rest-activity stability. According to the circadian entrainment hypothesis, increased access to electric lighting should lead to weaker and less uniform circadian rhythms, measured by stability of rest-activity patterns. Here, we investigate sleep in a Maya community in Guatemala who are in a transitional stage of industria

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMicrobiology

The change of SPAD value and the establishment of correlation model of lettuce in intercropping mode

Wang Linlin, Song Tingting, Du Yuejiao et al. · 2024 · BIO Web of Conferences

In order to find out the change rule of SPAD value in lettuce leaves and the rapid, non-destructive and more accurate detection method of chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves under intercropping mode, the effect of intercropping on SPAD value in lettuce leaves was studied and the correlation model between chlorophyll content and SPAD value was established. The results show that the SPAD value of lettuce leaves increases at first and then decreases slowly with the development of the days of aerosol culture, and intercropping has obvious advantage in the middle and late stages of aerosol cultur

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Software-based noise reduction in cranial magnetic resonance imaging: Influence on image quality.

Philipp Fuelkell, Soenke Langner, Nele Friedrich et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE

OBJECTIVES:To investigate acoustic noise reduction, image quality and white matter lesion detection rates of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired with and without sequence-based acoustic noise reduction software. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Thirty-one patients, including 18 men and 13 women, with a mean age of 58.3±14.5 years underwent cranial MRI. A fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence was acquired with and without acoustic noise reduction using the Quiet Suite (QS) software (Siemens Healthcare). During data acquisition, peak sound pressure levels were measured wit

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Questioning the lasting effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural control.

Mujda Nooristani, Maxime Maheu, Marie-Soleil Houde et al. · 2019 · PLoS ONE

Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has been shown to enhance postural stability during stimulation, and the enhancing effect has been observed to persist for several hours post-stimulation. However, these effects were observed without proper control (sham condition) and the possibility of experimental bias has not been ruled out. The lasting effect of nGVS on postural stability therefore remains in doubt. We investigated the lasting effect of nGVS on postural stability using a control (sham) condition to confirm or infirm the possibility of experimental bias. 28 participants received

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Effects of stimulation conditions and subcutaneous tissue properties on acupressure-induced changes in blood circulation of human tendons

Ayaka Yasuda, Shuhei Sasajima, Takehiro Kosaka et al. · 2023 · Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stimulation conditions (pressing force and frequency) and subcutaneous tissue properties (thickness and hardness) on the changes in tendon blood circulation caused by acupressure. Before and after acupressure, blood circulation of the Achilles tendon was measured using red laser lights. Acupressure was applied to the Achilles tendon for 3-min under three conditions. The following four conditions (including no stimulation condition) with different combinations of pressing forces and frequencies were established: 1) 50N and 1.5Hz, 2) 25

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on deep-vein thrombosis and ventilation-free days in critically ill patients with heart failure

Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Abdulaziz Al-Dawood, Fahad M. Al-Hameed et al. · 2022 · Scientific Reports

Abstract There are contradictory data regarding the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and heart failure (HF) decompensation in critically ill patients. This study evaluated the effect of adjunctive use of IPC on the rate of incident DVT and ventilation-free days among critically ill patients with HF. In this pre-specified secondary analysis of the PREVENT trial (N = 2003), we compared the effect of adjunctive IPC added to pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis (IPC group), with pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis alone (control group) in c

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOrthopedic surgery

Development of a cadaveric Hallux Rigidus model. Biomechanical testing

Diego Zanolli de Solminihac MD, Emilio Wagner MD, Pablo Wagner MD et al. · 2017 · Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Hallux Rigidus (HR) is characterized initially by a decrease in Hallux metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) dorsiflexion, decreasing the total range of motion. To be able to study different surgical treatment options, a cadaveric model has to be developed that recreates the limited range of motion. Our objective was to develop an Hallux Rigidus cadaveric model by shortening the plantar fascia (PF). Hallux MTPJ range of motion and joint stiffness were evaluated. Methods: 8 cadaveric foot- ankle – distal tibia specimens were prepared, identifying all extensor a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy of invasive laser acupuncture in treating chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Jae-Hong Kim, Chang-Su Na, Myoung-Rae Cho et al. · 2022 · PLoS ONE

This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of invasive laser acupuncture (ILA) for chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP). This was a single-center, randomized, patient and assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, clinical trial with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio that included a full analysis set. Forty-five participants with CNLBP were randomly assigned to the control group (sham laser), 650 group (650 nm-wavelength ILA), or 830 group (830 nm-wavelength ILA) (n = 15/group). All participants received ILA for 10 min, followed by electroacupuncture for 10 min on

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTheory and practice of education

The Effects of Multi-Modal Representations Used within the Context of Process-Based Instruction on Problem Solving, Academic Achievement, and Retention

Ali Yakar, Bilal Duman · 2022 · International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of two multi-modal representations, the use of text and graph for learning, on problem solving, academic achievement and retention when used in a process-based instruction (PBI). The study was designed as quasi-experimental study complying with pretest-posttest control group design. The study group consists of (N=30+34=64) students from the department of classroom teacher education in the Education Faculty of a university from west of Turkey in 2015-2016 academic year. The data in the study were collected through problem solving inve

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry

Long-term impact of deficit irrigation on the physiology and growth of grapevine cv. ‘Prima’ grafted on various rootstocks

Alper Kucukbasmaci, Ali Sabir · 2019 · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum: Hortorum Cultus

Testing the globally popular grapevine rootstocks for affinity with new grape cultivars or tolerance potential to stress factors like drought is essential for districts where supplemental irrigation is more frequently needed due to the pressures of a global climate change. In this study, a seasonal evaluation of leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, leaf greenness (chlorophyll content prediction) and vegetative development of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Prima’ grafted to different rootstock genotypes having great variability in drought tolerance, were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTherapeutics. Pharmacology

The influence of telmisartan on metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Jiagen Wen, Meizi Zeng, Zhaoqian Liu et al. · 2019 · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences

Metformin is the most widely used drug among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, drug interaction on metformin will influence its glucose-lowering effect or increase its side effect of lactic acidosis. In this study, a randomized, two-stage, crossover study was conducted to unveil the potential drug interaction between metformin and the anti-hypertension drug, telmisartan. Totally, 16 healthy Chinese male volunteers were enrolled. Blood samples from various time-points after drug adminstration were analyzed for metformin quantification. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessGynecology and obstetrics

Expression of Fas Ligand is Higher in Early Stage Cervical Cancer with Lymph Nodes Metastasis

Yahya Irwanto · 2012 · Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Objective: To know whether the expression of Fas Ligand has correlation with incidene of metastasis of pelvic lymph node and lymph-vascular stromal invasion (LVSI). Methods: All patients diagnosed of cervical cancer stage IB or IIA who underwent radical hysterectomy in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Central General Hospital from January 2008 until December 2009 were included in analytic cross sectional study. We tested expression of Fas Ligand in cervical cancer specimen by immunohystochemistry with monoclonal antibody. The expression of Fas Ligand was compared between the group of patients with a pos

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessScience (General)

Hypnosis and nitrous oxide impact on the school aged patients’ anxiety and cooperation candidate for tooth extraction: A randomized clinical trial

Afsoon Motallebi, Mehdi Fathi, Fatemeh Mazhari et al. · 2024 · Heliyon

Background: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) investigated whether hypnosis would lead to favorable outcomes in reducing anxiety, enhancing cooperation, and improving physiological responses in school-aged children undergoing tooth extraction compared to nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) and conventional behavior guidance (CBG). Methods: Sixty-six school-aged children (mean age: 7.87 ± 1.18 years) who needed one posterior primary tooth extraction were included. Children with low-to-moderate anxiety were randomly divided into three groups (n = 22 each): hypnosis, N2O/O2, and CBG. Anxiety levels

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The usage of a modified straight-leg raise neurodynamic test and hamstring flexibility for diagnosis of non-specific low back pain: A cross-sectional study.

Joan Hermosura, Everett Lohman, Brenda Bartnik-Olson et al. · 2024 · PLoS ONE

Objectives The main purpose of this research study was to compare mean modified straight-leg raise test (mSLR) and hamstring muscle length (HL) between chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) and healthy subjects to understand the possibility of neuropathic causes in LBP population as it may impact the diagnosis and treatment of LBP. Another purpose was to compare mean mSLR between those with lumbar nerve root impingement and those without as determine by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The design of the study is cross sectional and included 32 subjects with ages ranging from 18-50

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin with connective tissue grafts in the treatment of miller's Class I gingival recessions

Sonam Mufti, Sarvagna Mayank Dadawala, Phoram Patel et al. · 2017 · Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

Background: One of the most common aesthetic problem encountered in the field of periodontology is gingival recession, which is, perceived by the patients as increase in length of teeth. The treatment of buccal gingival recession is a common requirement due to aesthetic concern or root sensitivity. This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of PRF membrane compared to that of CTG in Miller's class I gingival recessions. Materials and Methods: 32 sites with Miller's Class I gingival recessions, out of which 16 sites received PRF (test) and 16 sites received CTG (control). Each patient had

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Laboratory study on reattachment of vertical root fractures using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin

Huiying Li, Huiying Li, Tong Wang et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Dental Medicine

BackgroundReattachment of root fragments with appropriate adhesive materials is expected to be the last conservative treatment for preserving teeth with vertical root fractures (VRFs).ObjectiveThis study evaluated the biocompatibility of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin for root repair, compared with iRoot BP Plus, Fuji IX GIC, and Clearfil SA Luting. Fracture resistance and microleakage of the reattached roots were also tested.MethodsThe biocompatibility of set materials was evaluated on L929 fibroblasts. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, live/dead cells staining and flow cytometry were used to assess c

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology

Diagnostic value of T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy in residual calculi after biliary surgery

Saixin Li, Zheng Wang, Zheng Li et al. · 2024 · BMC Gastroenterology

Abstract Background T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy are commonly used techniques for detecting residual bile duct stones after biliary surgery. However, the utility of routine cholangiography before T-tube removal needs further investigation. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of various methods for detecting residual calculi following biliary surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 287 adult patients who underwent common bile duct exploration with T-tube drainage, followed by T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy, at the Department of

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Success between MTA and Biodentine in Pulpotomy of Primary Mandibular Second Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Alireza Eshghi, Maryam Hajiahmadi, Mohammad Hossein Nikbakht et al. · 2022 · International Journal of Dentistry

Introduction. Among the new therapeutic materials, MTA and Biodentine are recommended for pulpotomy and sealing the pulp. Considering the similar characteristics of these two materials and considering that their effects on the treatment of primary second molars with irreversible pulpitis have not been compared properly, this study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic success between MTA and Biodentine in pulpotomy of primary mandibular second molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Participants were s

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture (General)

Differential Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation Patterns Following Cropland-to-Grassland Conversion in Non-Saline and Saline–Alkali Soils

Jinglei Zhang, Shanshan Bai, Chunlin Jia et al. · 2025 · Agriculture

Agricultural expansion and intensification generally lead to a depletion in soil organic carbon (SOC). While converting cropland to grassland is a recognized strategy for SOC accumulation, the patterns of SOC accumulation under different grassland types and soil conditions remain unclear. This study evaluated the long-term effects of two perennial grasses—alfalfa (a legume) and switchgrass (a non-legume)—on SOC composition, specifically lignin phenols and amino sugars, in non-saline and saline–alkali soils, using a conventional wheat–maize rotation as a control. Our results showed that both al

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

n-Propanol extract of boiled and fermented koro benguk (Mucuna pruriens seed) shows a neuroprotective effect in paraquat dichloride-induced Parkinson's disease rat model

Yosua Kristian Adi, Rini Widayanti, Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih · 2018 · Veterinary World

Aim: n-Propanol extracts from fresh, boiled, and fermented seeds were studied to evaluate their neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model, based on the total number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Materials and Methods: Rats were induced with paraquat dichloride at a dosage of 7 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally twice a week and at the same time supplemented with extract at a dosage of 70 mg/kg BW orally every day for 3 weeks. On the 24th day, all rats were perfused and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The left part of the SNpc was proce

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNutrition. Foods and food supply

Pengaruh lama mengunyah terhadap kadar glukosa postprandial dewasa obesitas

Arin Wulansari, Fryta Ameilia Luthfinnisa, Fuadah Uyun et al. · 2020 · Jurnal Gizi Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition

Background: Obesity cause various physiological changes in the body, one of which is insulin resistance causes high blood glucose levels. Chewing is a stimulus of cephalic phase responses and sensory stimulation that can increase hormones releasing such as insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Chewing plays important role in determining postprandial plasma glucose concentration. Objective: Investigate the effect of chewing on postprandial blood glucose in obese adults. Method: This was true experimental research. Research subjects were treated in the form

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOphthalmology

Effect of transportation on the quality of the donor corneal buttons

Rini Saha, Gautam Singh Parmar, Ashok Kumar et al. · 2018 · Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research

The aim of this study is to see the effect of transportation on corneoscleral buttons and to correlate them with the weight of ice used during transportation. This is a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 119 corneas were graded using slit-lamp examination and specular microscopy before and after transportation. Groups were made based on the weight of ice used during transportation and the number of hours of storage in McCarey-Kaufman (MK) media. The overall median percentage of endothelial cell loss (ECL) was 11.33%. The median percentage of ECL was significantly more with <500 g of

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