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Browse the failure-mode index

21,247 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Dynamic oxygen vacancy engineering on CuO via refreshable catalytic surface for high-efficient water decontamination

Xinyi Zhang, Liangjie Wang, Jian Wei et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications

Oxygen vacancies (Ov) on metal oxide surfaces exhibit high catalytic activity for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in wastewater decontamination, yet their in-situ regeneration remains a significant challenge. This study successfully…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMaterials Science

Benchmarking Large Language Models for Polymer Property Predictions

Sonakshi Gupta, Akhlak Mahmood, Shivank Shukla et al. · 2025 · Macromolecular Rapid Communications

ABSTRACT Machine learning and artificial intelligence have revolutionized polymer science by enhancing the ability to rapidly predict key polymer properties and enabling generative design. The utilization of large language models (LLMs) in polymer informatics may offers additional opportunities for advancement. Unlike traditional methods that depend on large labeled datasets, hand‐crafted representations of the materials, and complex feature engineering, LLM‐based methods utilize natural language inputs via a transfer learning process and eliminate the need for complex representation and finge

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v supplementation modulates β-cell ER stress and antioxidative defense pathways and prevents type 1 diabetes in gluten-free BioBreeding rats

Pinar Sargin, Mark F. Roethle, Shuang Jia et al. · 2022 · Gut Microbes

The increasing incidence of Type 1 diabetes has coincided with the emergence of the low-fiber, high-gluten Western diet and other environmental factors linked to dysbiosis. Since Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 v (Lp299v) supplementation improves gut barrier function and reduces systemic inflammation, we studied its effects in spontaneously diabetic DRlyp/lyp rats provided a normal cereal diet (ND) or a gluten-free hydrolyzed casein diet (HCD). All rats provided ND developed diabetes (62.5±7.7 days); combining ND with Lp299v did not improve survival. Diabetes was delayed by HCD (72.2±9.4 day

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Perceived Stress and Self-Esteem as Significant Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Behavior of Bangladeshi Male Adults

Muhammad Kamal Uddin, Md Tarikul Islam, Muhammad Asaduzzaman · 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

A large body of research has documented that smoking behavior is associated with a number of psychological variables. Weiss, Mouttapa, Cen, Johnson, and Unger (2011) studied a culturally diverse sample of 1,771 adolescents who reported that the risk of smoking initiation was significantly higher among students who scored higher on hostility and depressive symptoms, and were bully-victims. Mykletun, Overland, Aaro, Liabo, and Stewart (2008) carried out a population-based health survey on 60,814 adults aged between 20 to 89 years and reported that anxiety and depression were the most common in c

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impact of a Symptom Checker App on Patient-Physician Interaction Among Self-Referred Walk-In Patients in the Emergency Department: Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Malte L Schmieding, Marvin Kopka, Myrto Bolanaki et al. · 2025 · Journal of Medical Internet Research

BACKGROUND: Symptom checker apps (SCAs) are layperson-facing tools that advise on whether and where to seek care, or possible diagnoses. Previous research has primarily focused on evaluating the accuracy, safety, and usability of their recommendations. However, studies examining SCAs' impact on clinical care, including the patient-physician interaction and satisfaction with care, remain scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of an SCA on satisfaction with the patient-physician interaction in acute care settings. Additionally, we examined its influence on patients' anxiety a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Risk stratification and scoring systems in upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: review of performance and limitations in the emergency department

Fatemeh Mohammadyari, Amirreza Aflak, Mahta ZareDini et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Medicine

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), which includes both upper GIB (variceal and non-variceal) and lower GIB, represents a significant cause of emergency department referrals. Main body: Given the potential risks of blood transfusion, re-bleeding, and mortality in these patients, it is essential to establish a system for prioritizing critical patients. Several risk stratification scoring systems have been developed based on patients' clinical characteristics and/or endoscopic findings. However, the optimal scoring system for each clinical scenario remains uncertain. Conclusion: In this

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Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

Randomized trial investigating the utility of a liver tissue transcriptional biomarker in identifying adult liver transplant recipients not requiring maintenance immunosuppression

Julien Vionnet, Jorge P. Torres-Yaguana, Rosa Miquel et al. · 2024 · American Journal of Transplantation

The maintenance of stable allograft status in the absence of immunosuppression (IS), known as operational tolerance, can be achieved in a small proportion of liver transplant recipients, but we lack reliable tools to predict its spontaneous development. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, biomarker-strategy design, IS withdrawal clinical trial to determine the utility of a predictive biomarker of operational tolerance. The biomarker test, originally identified in a patient cohort with high operational tolerance prevalence, consisted of a 5-gene transcriptional signature measured in liver

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Are we on the same wavelength? Supervisor-subordinate cognitive style congruence and its association with supervisors’ self-awareness through leader member exchange

Faisal AlReshaid, Alper Ertürk, Razan Alkhayyat et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Psychology

Introduction: Leaders' self-awareness is essential to leadership effectiveness. Cognitive styles-how individuals perceive and process information-are key factors in fostering self-awareness. Drawing on Social Identity Theory (SIT), this study explores whether cognitive style congruence between supervisors and subordinates enhances supervisors' self-awareness, and whether Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) mediates this relationship. Methods: We used a time-lagged dyadic design and multilevel polynomial regression to analyze data from 189 subordinates and 36 supervisors. Cognitive styles were measure

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Meningioma: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Carlen Yuen, Michelle Zheng, Max Saint-Germain et al. · 2025 · Biomedicines

Background/Objectives: Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors. Surgery and radiation therapy are the cornerstones of treatment and no standard of care therapy exists for refractory meningiomas. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against these tumors. Methods: A search for the existing literature on systemic therapies for meningiomas was performed on PubMed and a search for presently accruing clinical trials was performed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: Systemic treatments, including chemotherapy, somatostatin analo

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Evaluating the effectiveness of green finance mechanisms, digitalization, globalization, and renewable energy consumption in advancing environmental sustainability in G20 countries

Muhammad Asif, Long Yun-rong, Muhammad Azam Zia et al. · 2025 · Energy & Environment

Climate change, caused by the burning of fossil fuels, has emerged as an acute world problem, especially in the Group of Twenty (G20), where CO 2 emissions and other greenhouse gases are accumulating. This research examines how energy…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effects of Dietary Interventions on Cognitive Outcomes

Judith Charbit, Jean‐Sébastien Vidal, Olivier Hanon · 2025 · Nutrients

Cognitive aging is a complex, multifactorial process influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Among modifiable risk factors, nutrition has emerged as a promising target to preserve cognitive function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of dietary interventions-including specific nutrients and dietary patterns-on cognitive domains (memory, executive function, global cognition) and mental health. Recent findings: multinutrient supplementation, particularly combinations of B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, appears beneficial for episodic memory, espe

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vitamin D and Chronic Disorders: A Review of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases

Ewelina Młynarska, Wiktoria Lisińska, Katarzyna Hossa et al. · 2025 · Pharmaceuticals

Vitamin D, long recognized for its essential role in calcium-phosphate balance and bone health, has increasingly been identified as a pleiotropic regulator of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal function. Deficiency of vitamin D is widespread worldwide and has been linked to a higher risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Meta-analyses suggest that each 10 nmol/L (≈4 ng/mL) increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with about a 4% lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas other analyses indicate an approximately

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Market competitiveness and corporate ESG performance

T. Zhang, Chuan Qin, Zhaoying Lu · 2025 · International Review of Economics & Finance

This study investigates the relationship between firm-level market competitiveness and corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Trichoderma in Sustainable Agriculture and the Challenges Related to Its Effectiveness

Karina Gutiérrez-Moreno, Ana Isabel Olguín-Martínez, Amelia C. Montoya-Martínez et al. · 2025 · Diversity

Fungi from the genus Trichoderma have been extensively studied and used as biological control agents (BCAs) because of their versatile mechanisms of action. These include triggering systemic resistance, directly inhibiting pathogens, promoting plant growth, enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress, and producing auxins. However, the widespread application of the most studied Trichoderma strains has been limited by discrepancies between their potential results observed in controlled environments and the outcomes in greenhouses and field conditions. These differences are associated with context dep

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Association between glutamate transporter gene polymorphisms and obsessive-compulsive disorder/trait empathy in a Korean population

Hae Won Kim, Jee In Kang, Eunhee Hwang et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE

Accumulating evidence suggests that the glutamatergic system plays a major role in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and empathic processing. Particularly, genetic influence of glutamate transporter gene (SLC1A1) on OCD has been frequently replicated in previous studies, but several studies did not replicate the result. Therefore, we aimed to replicate the associations between the SLC1A1 and OCD in a Korean population. In addition, we investigated the influence of SLC1A1 on trait empathy, impairments in which are characteristic of OCD. Six single-nucleotide polymorphis

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Dynamic electronic modulation of single-atom Fe sites with p-block metal coordination enables highly selective generation of FeIV = O in Fenton-like reactions

Zhendong Zhao, Huiwang Dai, Tiantian Nie et al. · 2025 · Nature Communications

High-valent iron-oxo species (FeIV=O) have garnered increasing attention for water purification, while the selective generation of FeIV = O in Fenton-like reactions still lacks an effective control protocol at the atomic level. Here, we…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The myth of the Bayesian brain

Madhur Mangalam · 2025 · European Journal of Applied Physiology

The Bayesian brain hypothesis-the idea that neural systems implement or approximate Bayesian inference-has become a dominant framework in cognitive neuroscience over the past two decades. While mathematically elegant and conceptually unifying, this paper argues that the hypothesis occupies an ambiguous territory between useful metaphor and testable, biologically plausible mechanistic explanation. We critically examine the key claims of the Bayesian brain hypothesis, highlighting issues of unfalsifiability, biological implausibility, and inconsistent empirical support. The framework's remarkabl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

“Regression to the truth”: lessons learned from negative IPF trials

Athina Trachalaki, Anna Lindahl, Simone Petrarulo et al. · 2025 · Breathe

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease with limited treatment options. Despite the approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib that slow disease progression, IPF remains a disease with poor survival. Promising therapeutic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Unpacking EFL teachers’ perceived opportunities and challenges of multimodal AI-driven language testing

Ali Derakhshan, Gurpinder Singh Lalli, Yujong Park · 2026 · Language Testing in Asia

While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed L2 testing and assessment, empirical research into how EFL practitioners perceive the specific opportunities and challenges of these tools remains limited. To address this…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

CONCUSS randomised clinical trial of vergence/accommodative therapy for concussion-related symptomatic convergence insufficiency

Tara L. Alvarez, Mitchell Scheiman, Farzin Hajebrahimi et al. · 2025 · British Journal of Sports Medicine

OBJECTIVE: The CONCUSS randomised clinical trial compared the effectiveness of immediate office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with movement (OBVAM) to delayed therapy for the treatment of concussion-related convergence insufficiency…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Prognostic value of liver stiffness measurement vs. biochemical response in primary biliary cholangitis

Yu Jun Wong, Laurent Lam, Pierre‐Antoine Soret et al. · 2025 · Journal of Hepatology

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Both liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and biochemical response have prognostic significance in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, the frequency and clinical relevance of discordant biochemical and LSM changes remain unclear. We aim to determine the performance of the most recent or current LSM (LSMc) in predicting first hepatic decompensation (HD) in the setting of discordant biochemical and LSM responses. METHODS: In this international, multicenter study, we included patients with at least two reliable LSM performed at least 6 months apart. Patients

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Preclinical ex vivo and in vivo models to study immunotherapy agents and their combinations as predictive tools toward the clinic

Iñaki Eguren‐Santamaría, Ignacio Melero, Inmaculada Rodríguez et al. · 2025 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Almost every successful anticancer treatment has been preceded by preclinical scientific breakthroughs that encouraged clinical development. However, therapeutic strategies showing promising preclinical results often fail to confirm…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Melatonin as a Guardian of Mitochondria: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Yanyu Bao, Guoying Miao, Nannan He et al. · 2026 · Biology

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key early pathological process in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), leading to oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and neuronal apoptosis prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Although mitochondria represent important therapeutic targets, effective interventions targeting mitochondrial function remain limited. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms by which melatonin protects mitochondria and evaluates its therapeutic relevance, with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease-the ma

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Integrative Genomics and Precision Breeding for Stress-Resilient Cotton: Recent Advances and Prospects

Zahra Ghorbanzadeh, Bahman Panahi, Leila Purhang et al. · 2025 · Agronomy

Developing climate-resilient and high-quality cotton cultivars remains an urgent challenge, as the key target traits yield, fibre properties, and stress tolerance are highly polygenic and strongly influenced by genotype–environment interactions. Recent advances in chromosome-scale genome assemblies, pan-genomics, and haplotype-resolved resequencing have greatly enhanced the capacity to identify causal variants and recover non-reference alleles linked to fibre development and environmental adaptation. Parallel progress in functional genomics and precision genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas

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