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Browse the failure-mode index

21,239 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

A comprehensive overview of probiotics in aquaculture: from efficacy evaluation to diverse applications

Sanaa R. Elsegeny, Fatima S. Radwan, Yomna M. Elshamy et al. · 2025 · Annals of Microbiology

Abstract Background Aquaculture is an essential sector for global food security, providing protein-rich food, reducing pressure on wild stocks, creating jobs, and contributing to national economies. However, it faces major sustainability challenges, including disease outbreaks, inefficient feed utilization, and environmental impact. Main body The significance of probiotics in mitigating these issues is highlighted in this review. The current review underscores and highlights important considerations while developing or using probiotics in the aquaculture field: how strains are selected as cand

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEarth and Planetary Sciences

Machine learning modelling of a nonlinear environmental index with sensitivity analysis for groundwater assessment

Aliasghar Azma, Yakun Liu, Eden Tatek Alemu · 2026 · Scientific Reports

The aim of this study was to evaluate groundwater quality the Marvdasht aquifer using the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), which was determined using a conventional method and also predicted using three machine learning algorithms:…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Limited overlap between genetic effects on disease susceptibility and disease survival

Zhiyu Yang, Fanny‐Dhelia Pajuste, Kristina Zguro et al. · 2025 · Nature Genetics

Abstract Understanding disease progression is of high biological and clinical interest. Unlike disease susceptibility, whose genetic basis has been abundantly studied, less is known about the genetics of disease progression and its overlap with disease susceptibility. Considering nine common diseases ( n cases ranging from 11,980 to 124,682) across seven biobanks, we systematically compared genetic architectures of susceptibility and progression, defined as disease-specific mortality. We identified only one locus substantially associated with disease-specific mortality and showed that, at a si

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Conceptual and methodological flaws undermine claims of a link between the gut microbiome and autism

Kevin J. Mitchell, Darren Dahly, Dorothy Bishop · 2025 · Neuron

The idea that the gut microbiome causally contributes to autism has gained currency in the scientific literature and popular press. Support for this hypothesis comes from three lines of evidence: human observational studies, preclinical experiments in mice, and human clinical trials. We critically assessed this literature and found that it is beset by conceptual and methodological flaws and limitations that undermine claims that the gut microbiome is causally involved in the etiology or pathophysiology of autism.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

SHAP-based interpretable machine learning for injury risk prediction in university football players: a multi-dimensional data analysis approach

Jiacheng Ma, Shengrui Liu, Yuting Pei · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Sports injury prediction is crucial for university football player health, yet existing research predominantly focuses on professional athletes and lacks interpretability. Using the Kaggle "University Football Injury Prediction Dataset"…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Genome-wide association study of treatment-related toxicity two years following radiotherapy for breast cancer

Harkeran K. Jandu, Colin Veal, Laura Fachal et al. · 2023 · Radiotherapy and Oncology

Background and purpose Up to a quarter of breast cancer patients treated by surgery and radiotherapy experience clinically significant toxicity. If patients at high risk of adverse effects could be identified at diagnosis, their treatment could be tailored accordingly. This study was designed to identify common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with toxicity two years following whole breast radiotherapy. Materials and Methods A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 1,640 breast cancer patients with complete SNP, clinical, treatment and toxicity data, recruited a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparison of the Physical Demands of Friendly Matches and Different Types On-Field Integrated Training Sessions in Professional Soccer Players

Jesús Giménez, Julen Castellano, Patrycja Lipińska et al. · 2020 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among physical demands of two friendly matches (FMs) and three task training sessions (TS1,2,3) combining in a different way: a Small-Sided Game (SSG), Mini-Goals (MG), a ball Circuit Training (CT) and a Large-Sided Game (LSG): SSG+MG+LSG (TS1), SSG+CT+LSG (TS2) and MG+CT+LSG (TS3). The TS and match demands in running intensities were monitored in fourteen professional soccer players (age = 23.2 ± 2.7 years, height = 178 ± 6 cm, body mass = 73.2 ± 6.9 kg, mean and SD, respectively) using 10-Hz global positioning system devices, and pla

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Negative / Null Result Report

Assessment of Statistically Significant Command-Following in Pediatric Patients with Disorders of Consciousness, Based on Visual, Auditory and Tactile Event-Related Potentials

Marian Dovgialo, Anna Chabuda, Anna Duszyk et al. · 2019 · International Journal of Neural Systems

Disorders of consciousness (DOC) are among the major challenges of contemporary medicine, mostly due to the high rates of misdiagnoses in clinical assessment, based on behavioral scales. This turns our attention to potentially objective…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impact of the Glucagon Assay When Assessing the Effect of Chronic Liraglutide Therapy on Glucagon Secretion

Caroline K. Kramer, Bernard Zinman, Haysook Choi et al. · 2017 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Context: Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists acutely lower serum glucagon. However, in the Liraglutide and β-Cell Repair (LIBRA) Trial, 48-week treatment with liraglutide yielded lower/unchanged fasting glucagon but, surprisingly, enhanced…

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Negative / Null Result Report

No statistically significant kinematic difference found between a cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilised Triathlon knee arthroplasty

N. C. Hunt, K. M. Ghosh, A. P. Blain et al. · 2015 · The Bone & Joint Journal

The aim of this study was to compare the maximum laxity conferred by the cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilised (PS) Triathlon single-radius total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for anterior drawer, varus–valgus opening and rotation in…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Pharmacoepigenetics of hypertension: genome-wide methylation analysis of responsiveness to four classes of antihypertensive drugs using a double-blind crossover study design

Marja-Liisa Nuotio, Heini Sánez Tähtisalo, Alexandra Lahtinen et al. · 2022 · Epigenetics

Essential hypertension remains the leading risk factor of global disease burden, but its treatment goals are often not met. We investigated whether DNA methylation is associated with antihypertensive responses to a diuretic, a beta-blocker, a calcium channel blocker or an angiotensin receptor antagonist. In addition, since we previously showed an SNP at the transcription start site (TSS) of the catecholamine biosynthesis-related ACY3 gene to associate with blood pressure (BP) response to beta-blockers, we specifically analysed the association of methylation sites close to the ACY3 TSS with BP

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

VEGF receptors mediate hypoxic remodeling of adult ovine carotid arteries

Olayemi O. Adeoye, Vincent Bouthors, Margaret C. Hubbell et al. · 2014 · Journal of Applied Physiology

Recent studies suggest that VEGF contributes to hypoxic remodeling of arterial smooth muscle, although hypoxia produces only transient increases in VEGF that return to normoxic levels despite sustained changes in arterial structure and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Amygdala and nucleus accumbens involvement in appetitive extinction

Onno Kruse, S. Klein, Isabell Tapia León et al. · 2020 · Human Brain Mapping

Extinction of appetitive conditioning is regarded as an important model for the treatment of psychiatric disorders like addiction. However, very few studies have investigated its neural correlates. Therefore, we investigated neural…

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Negative / Null Result ReportBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Replication of plasmids derived from Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages in starved Escherichia coli

Bożena Nejman-Faleńczyk, Beata Nadratowska-Wesołowska, Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz et al. · 2010 · Microbiology

The pathogenicity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) depends on the expression of stx genes that are located on lambdoid prophages. Effective toxin production occurs only after prophage induction, and one may presume that…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Does governance matter to ensure significant effect of foreign direct investment on poverty reduction? Evidence from developing and emerging countries

Zouhaier Aloui, Mekki Hamdaoui, Samir Maktouf · 2024 · Transnational Corporation Review

This paper examines the moderating role of governance in the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on poverty using simultaneous equations models for sub-Saharan African, Asian, Latin American and Eastern European countries over the…

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Negative / Null Result Report

Case studies to demonstrate challenges of driven piles on rock

Kam Ng, Todd Sullivan · 2017 · Geotechnical Research

In Wyoming, pile foundations for bridges are often driven on rock materials because of the state’s shallow bedrock stratigraphy. Unfortunately, no static analysis methods are currently available for estimating the resistance of these…

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Negative / Null Result ReportSocial Sciences

Psychometric Properties of the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire, Version 2: Evidence for a Two-Factor Model

Anthony N. Reffi, Caitlin M. Pinciotti, Holly K. Orcutt · 2018 · Journal of Interpersonal Violence

Institutional betrayal reflects the failings of a trusted institution to prevent or respond appropriately to negative experiences. Following sexual assault, survivors who encounter institutional betrayal may experience greater distress and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Bioinspired Intervertebral Disc with Multidirectional Stiffness Prepared via Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing

Guangsheng Song, Zhihui Qian, Xiangyu Liu et al. · 2023 · Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract Degenerative disc disease (DDD) has become a significant public health issue worldwide. This can result in loss of spinal function affecting patient health and quality of life. Artificial total disc replacement (A‐TDR) is an…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

A SIMULATION STUDY ON TESTS FOR ONE-WAY ANOVA UNDER THE UNEQUAL VARIANCE ASSUMPTION

Esra Yiğit, Fikri Gökpınar · 2010 · Communications Faculty Of Science University of Ankara Series A1Mathematics and Statistics

The classical F-test to compare several population means depends on the assumption of homogeneity of variance of the population and the normality. When these assumptions especially the equality of variance is dropped, the classical F-test fails to reject the null hypothesis even if the data actually provide strong evidence for it. This can be considered a serious problem in some applications, especially when the sample size is not large. To deal with this problem, a number of tests are available in the literature. In this study, the Brown-Forsythe, Weerahandiís Generalized F, Parametric Bootst

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

The Meta-Science of Adult Statistical Word Segmentation: Part 1

Joshua K. Hartshorne, Lauren Skorb, Sven L. Dietz et al. · 2019 · Collabra Psychology

We report the first set of results in a multi-year project to assess the robustness – and the factors promoting robustness – of the adult statistical word segmentation literature. This includes eight total experiments replicating six different experiments. The purpose of these replications is to assess the reproducibility of reported experiments, examine the replicability of their results, and provide more accurate effect size estimates. Reproducibility was mixed, with several papers either lacking crucial details or containing errors in the description of method, making it difficult to ascert

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Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience

Does contextual diversity affect serial recall?

Dominic Guitard, Leonie M. Miller, Ian Neath et al. · 2019 · Journal of Cognitive Psychology

People are better at recalling lists of high- than low-frequency words but as Parmentier, Comesãna, and Soares [(2017). Disentangling the effects of word frequency and contextual diversity on serial recall performance. Quarterly Journal of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Vulnerability to Distraction in Schizophrenia

Chieffi S Iavarone A · 2015 · African Journal of Psychiatry

Attentional processes enhancing relevant information and attenuating competing irrelevant information are required for coherent and effective action. One of deficits that may characterize schizophrenia is the impairment of the ability in focusing on relevant information while inhibiting the irrelevant. The intrusion of irrelevant stimuli during information processing may impair cognitive and behavioral functioning. In this paper we review studies that investigated the vulnerability to distracting stimuli in schizophrenia by using visual interference paradigms, namely flanker, Stroop, and negat

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Negative / Null Result Report

Towards integrated oncogenic marker recognition through mutual information‐based statistically significant feature extraction: an association rule mining based study on cancer expression and methylation profiles

Saurav Mallik, Zhongming Zhao · 2017 · Quantitative Biology

Background Marker detection is an important task in complex disease studies. Here we provide an association rule mining (ARM) based approach for identifying integrated markers through mutual information (MI) based statistically significant…

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Failed Experiment ReportMedicine

A phase II study of GDC-0032 (taselisib) for previously treated PI3K positive patients with stage IV squamous cell lung cancer (SqNSCLC): LUNG-MAP sub-study SWOG S1400B.

James L. Wade, Corey J. Langer, Mary W. Redman et al. · 2017 · Journal of Clinical Oncology

9054 Background: Lung-MAP (S1400) is a National Clinical Trials Network “umbrella” trial for previously-treated SqNSCLC. Sub-study S1400B included patients (pts) with tumors harboring PI3K mutations.Taselisib (GDC-0032), a potent, small…

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