21,691 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →
WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.
Roope Lasanen, Petro Julkunen, Olavi Airaksinen et al. · 2015 · Skin Research and Technology
BACKGROUND: Topical menthol gels are used in the treatment of various pain conditions. However, the effect of the menthol concentration to skin cooling or cooling sensation is not clear. We hypothesized that increasing menthol…
View details →Xue Zhou, Yang Xu, Jia Wang et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Autism is a common, severe and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder in children, affecting up to 100 children per 10,000. The MET gene has been regarded as a promising candidate gene for this disorder because it is located within a replicated linkage interval, is involved in pathways affecting the development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in ways relevant to autism patients, and has shown significant association signals in previous studies. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we present new ASD patient and control samples from Heilongjiang, China and use them in a case-contro
View details →Wei Li, Laura Germine, Samuel A. Mehr et al. · 2022 · Infant and Child Development
Widespread failures of replication and generalization are, ironically, a scientific triumph, in that they confirm the fundamental metascientific theory that underlies our field. Generalizable and replicable findings require testing large…
View details →Santiago López‐Miranda, Daniel Berdejo, Elisa Pagán et al. · 2020 · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Abstract BACKGROUND The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their constituents has led to increasing interest in using them as natural preservative agents. However, their high sensitivity to light and oxygen, their volatility and…
View details →Hwa Young Ahn, Hye Sook Min, Yohwan Yeo et al. · 2015 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
CONTEXT: Previous studies on the extent to which radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer increases the risk of subsequently developing breast cancer have given conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the…
View details →Lily R. Aleksandrova, Yu Tian Wang, Anthony G. Phillips · 2017 · Chronic Stress
The prevailing hypothesis of ketamine's unique antidepressant effects implicates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) inhibition-dependent enhancement of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-mediated transmission,…
View details →Lekshmi Santhosh, Snigdha Jain, Anna K. Brady et al. · 2017 · Annals of the American Thoracic Society
RATIONALE: It is important for attending physicians to know which behaviors influence learner perceptions. To date, two studies focusing on general medicine attending physicians have been published addressing internal medicine residents'…
View details →Àngels Colomé · 2018 · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Larger distance effects in high math-anxious individuals (HMA) performing comparison tasks have previously been interpreted as indicating less precise magnitude representation in this population. A recent study by Dietrich, Huber, Moeller, and Klein limited the effects of math anxiety to symbolic comparison, in which they found larger distance effects for HMA, despite equivalent size effects. However, the question of whether distance effects in symbolic comparison reflect the properties of the magnitude representation or decisional processes is currently under debate. This study was designed t
View details →Simon Bowman, Raphaèle Séror, Raphaël Porcher et al. · 2025 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Primary Sjögren's disease (pSjD) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease involving exocrine glands and associated with high symptom burden (dryness, fatigue, pain), systemic features and salivary gland dysfunction. B-cell hyperactivity is common, with an increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review describes the unmet need, scientific validity of outcome measures, optimisation of clinical trial design, therapeutic advances and how clinical improvement relates to health-related quality of life, additional quality-adjusted life years and economic benefit in pSjD. It deriv
View details →Kyle Lesinger, Di Tian · 2025 · Nature Communications
Deep neural networks that learn from climate reanalysis data have produced skillful weather forecasts within ten days. However, it is still a great challenge for dynamic models to predict soil moisture, droughts, and other extreme events…
View details →R. Chris Fraley, Jia Y. Chong, Kyle A. Baacke et al. · 2022 · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
Scholars and institutions commonly use impact factors to evaluate the quality of empirical research. However, a number of findings published in journals with high impact factors have failed to replicate, suggesting that impact alone may…
View details →Sara Vitoria-Estruch, Ángel Romero‐Martínez, Marisol Lila et al. · 2018 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Proactively aggressive individuals have been shown to present a different pattern of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation from that of individuals characterized by reactive violence. Although attempts have been made to classify intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators based on ANS reactivity to acute stress, subsequent studies have failed to replicate this classification. Notably, the proposed classification neglected the role of chronic alcohol abuse in ANS dysregulation and the fact that this dysregulation entails an abnormal stress response. The aim of the present study was to a
View details →Ihsen Abid · 2025 · Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research
Saudi Arabia, as one of the world’s leading oil producers, faces critical challenges in transitioning to sustainable economic growth. The heavy reliance on oil exports, coupled with rapid urbanization and environmental degradation, underscores the urgent need for green growth strategies tailored to the Kingdom’s unique socioeconomic and environmental context. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the Green Growth Index (GGI), which measures sustainable economic growth, and analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between key variables such as environmental technology
View details →Luiz Carlos Vieira, Morgan L. Handojo, Claus O. Wilke · 2025 · Scientific Reports
Protein language models (pLMs) can offer deep insights into evolutionary and structural properties of proteins. While larger models, such as the 15 billion parameter model ESM-2, promise to capture more complex patterns in sequence space, they also present practical challenges due to their high dimensionality and high computational cost. We systematically evaluated the performance of various ESM-style models across multiple biological datasets to assess the impact of model size on transfer learning via feature extraction. Surprisingly, we found that larger models do not necessarily outperform
View details →Hye-Won Yang, Danyeong Kim, YoungSoon Yang et al. · 2025 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a membrane-bound receptor primarily expressed on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). TREM2 plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses, phagocytosis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Mutations in the TREM2 gene have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Nasu–Hakola disease (NHD). These mutations are suggested to impair microglial activation and reduce the ability to clear amyloid aggregates, leading to ex
View details →Stefano Fiorucci, Ginevra Urbani, Eleonora Distrutti et al. · 2025 · Pharmaceuticals
The Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) is a bile sensor involved in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis, fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a semisynthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), initially named 6-ethyl-CDCA or INT-747, is the first in a class of FXR ligands that have been approved for clinical use for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who are unresponsive or intolerant to ursodeoxycholic acid. In this narrative review, we will examine the current status and future perspective of clinical use of OCA. Based on results
View details →Ömer Aydın, Enis Karaarslan, Fatih Safa Erenay et al. · 2026 · Turkish Journal of Engineering
DeepSeek v3, developed in China, was released in December 2024, followed by Alibaba’s Qwen 2.5 Max in January 2025 and Qwen3 235B in April 2025. These free and open-source models offer significant potential for academic writing and content…
View details →Soumik Barman, Francesco Borriello, Byron Brook et al. · 2022 · ACS Chemical Biology
) cells, and germinal center (GC) B cells along with the IgG2c-skewed humoral response in vivo. Dual-loaded cGAMP/CL075-PSs did not outperform admixed cGAMP-PS and CL075-PS in vivo. These data validate an optimally designed adjuvantation…
View details →Kitae Sohn, Illoong Kwon · 2016 · The Singapore Economic Review
Trust was found to promote entrepreneurship in the US. We investigated whether this was true in a developing country, Indonesia. We failed to replicate this; this failure was true whether trust was estimated at the individual or community…
View details →Emilou Noser, Jessica Schoch, Ulrike Ehlert · 2018 · PLoS ONE
Research has indicated that men's facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is part of an evolved system of social dominance, aggression, and power. fWHR has been linked to antisocial behavior, measured by self-reported aggression, but recent studies have failed to replicate this finding. To overcome these inconsistencies, influencing factors such as social status have to be taken into account in order to explain the relationship between fWHR and aggression. In particular, income has been shown to be an important influencing factor in this relationship. Furthermore, previous findings suggested that
View details →Caterina Peraldo‐Neia, Giuliana Cavalloni, Elisabetta Fenocchio et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE
The association of anti-EGFR to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) chemotherapy did not improve survival in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) patients. Multiple mechanisms might be involved in the resistance to anti-EGFR. Here, we explored the mutation profile of EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), of tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), and its amplification status. EGFR mutational status of exons 12, 18-21 was analyzed in 57 tumors by Sanger sequencing. EGFR amplification was evaluated in 37 tumors by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated using the log-rank test. S
View details →Harm A.W.M. Tiddens, Eleni‐Rosalina Andrinopoulou, Joe McIntosh et al. · 2020 · PLoS ONE
A phase 3 randomized double blind controlled, trial in 238 people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and at least one nonsense mutation (nmCF) investigated the effect of ataluren on FEV1. The study was of 48 weeks duration and failed to meet its primary endpoint. Unexpectedly, while FEV1 declined, chest computed tomography (CT) scores using the Brody-II score as secondary outcome measures did not show progression in the placebo group. Based on this observation it was concluded that the role of CT scans in CF randomized clinical trials was limited. However, more sensitive scoring systems were developed
View details →Cecília Rodrigues Silva, José Eduardo Dutra de Oliveira, Rui Augusto Hudari Gonçalves de Souza et al. · 2026 · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición
Eleven diabetic patients: 5, type 1 and 6, type 2 received a low-fiber diet (I) during 1 week and during the next 7 days the same diet, enriched with 40 g of fiber (30.6% insoluble and 11.7% soluble components) from rice bran (II) per day.…
View details →Richard Fendler, Craig Ruff, Milind Shrikhande · 2018 · Online Learning
Much of the e-education literature suggests that there is no significant difference in aggregate student learning outcomes between online and face-to-face instruction. In this study, we develop a model that forecasts the grade that individual students would have most likely earned in the alternate class setting. Students for whom the difference between the actual grade received in one class format (for example, online) and the forecasted grade in the other class setting (for example, face-to-face) is one full letter grade or higher are called “jumpers.” Our findings indicate that jumpers are n
View details →Joon Soo Lim, Nalae Hong, Erika J. Schneider · 2025 · Computers in Human Behavior
As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes more integrated into corporate communication, its role in crisis messaging raises critical questions about audience perception and trust. Drawing on theories of machine heuristics, this…
View details →Lyndsay Gavin, Jenna McChesney, Anson Tong et al. · 2022 · Technology Mind and Behavior
The spread of misinformation has generated confusion and uncertainty about how to behave with respect to protective actions during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social distancing and getting vaccinated. garnered significant press…
View details →Takatsugu Aihara, Takeshi OGAWA, Takeaki Shimokawa et al. · 2017 · PLoS ONE
Humans often utilize past experience to solve difficult problems. However, if past experience is insufficient to solve a problem, solvers may reach an impasse. Insight can be valuable for breaking an impasse, enabling the reinterpretation or re-representation of a problem. Previous studies using between-subjects designs have revealed a causal relationship between the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) and non-verbal insight, by enhancing the right ATL while inhibiting the left ATL using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In addition, neuroimaging studies have reported a correlation be
View details →Li Fu, Roy P. C. Kessels, Joseph H. R. Maes · 2020 · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition
Cognitive training research has revealed support for both the magnification and compensation accounts, respectively predicting larger or smaller training benefits for individuals already having strong cognitive abilities. A recent study in…
View details →Bjørn Sætrevik, Hallgeir Sjåstad · 2022 · Meta-Psychology
Mortality salience (MS) effects, where death reminders lead to ingroup-bias and defensive protection of one’s world-view, have been claimed to be a fundamental human motivator. MS phenomena have ostensibly been identified in several hundred studies within the “terror management theory” framework, but transparent and high-powered replications are lacking. Experiment 1 (N = 101 Norwegian lab participants) aimed to replicate the traditional MSeffect on national patriotism, with additional novel measures of democratic values and pro-sociality. Experiment2 (N = 784 US online participants) aimed to
View details →Mohammed Al-Asadi, Michelle Sherren, Hassaan Abdel Khalik et al. · 2024 · The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Background: Evidence-based care relies on robust research. The fragility index (FI) is used to assess the robustness of statistically significant findings in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). While the traditional FI is limited to…
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