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Browse the failure-mode index

21,681 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnergy

Ecological Stoichiometry Meets Ecological Engineering: Using Polycultures to Enhance the Multifunctionality of Algal Biocrude Systems

Casey M. Godwin, David C. Hietala, Aubrey R. Lashaway et al. · 2017 · Environmental Science & Technology

For algal biofuels to be economically sustainable and avoid exacerbating nutrient pollution, algal cultivation and processing must maximize rates of biofuel production while simultaneously minimizing the consumption of nitrogen (N) and…

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Negative / Null Result Report

Small-Sided Games in Elite Football: Practical Solutions to Replicate the 4-min Match-Derived Maximal Intensities

Andrea Riboli, Fabio Esposito, Giuseppe Coratella · 2022 · Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research

Abstract Riboli, A, Esposito, F, and Coratella, G. Small-sided games in elite football: practical solutions to replicate the 4-min match-derived maximal intensities. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 366–374, 2023—The purpose of the study was to…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Serendipity—A Machine-Learning Application for Mining Serendipitous Drug Usage From Social Media

Boshu Ru, Dingcheng Li, Yueqi Hu et al. · 2019 · IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience

Serendipitous drug usage refers to the unexpected relief of comorbid diseases or symptoms when taking medication for a different known indication. Historically, serendipity has contributed significantly to identifying many new drug…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Human essential hypertension: no significant association of polygenic risk scores with antihypertensive drug responses

Heini Sánez Tähtisalo, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Nina Mars et al. · 2020 · Scientific Reports

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for essential hypertension, calculated from > 900 genomic loci, were recently found to explain a significant fraction of hypertension heritability and complications. To investigate whether variation of hypertension PRS also captures variation of antihypertensive drug responsiveness, we calculated two different PRSs for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure: one based on the top 793 independent hypertension-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and another based on over 1 million genome-wide variants. Using our pharmacogenomic GENRES study comprising four

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Preoperative palsy score has no significant association with survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with spinal metastases who undergo spinal surgery

Yen‐Jen Chen, Hsien‐Te Chen, Horng‐Chaung Hsu · 2015 · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

BACKGROUND: Survival is a key factor physicians consider when selecting a treatment modality for the treatment of spinal metastases. Various assessment systems can predict length of survival and facilitate selection of the most appropriate treatment. Spinal palsy is a prognostic parameter in the Tokuhashi scoring system but not in the Tomita scoring system. A limitation of these scoring systems is that studies of them have included different tumor types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative neurological status as a prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences

Amanda Rotella, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Sandeep Mishra et al. · 2021 · PLoS ONE

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the 'watching eyes' effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who ar

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Volatile versus Propofol General Anesthesia and Long-term Survival after Breast Cancer Surgery: A National Registry Retrospective Cohort Study

Mats Enlund, Anders Berglund, Anna Enlund et al. · 2022 · Anesthesiology

BACKGROUND: Several retrospective studies using administrative or single-center data have failed to show any difference between general anesthesia using propofol versus inhaled volatiles on long-term survival after breast cancer surgery.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2025 update

Josef S. Smolen, Christopher J. Edwards, Victoria Konzett et al. · 2026 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to provide an update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management recommendations addressing the most recent insights. METHODS: An International Task…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries

Adrian Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, F. Acernese et al. · 2026 · The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Abstract We detail the population properties of binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole binary, and binary black hole mergers using 158 events from the cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 4.0. The black hole primary mass distribution consists of a power-law-like continuum that steepens above 35 M ⊙ with overdensities at 10 M ⊙ and 35 M ⊙ . Binary black holes with primary masses near 10 M ⊙ are more likely to have less massive secondaries, with a mass ratio distribution peaking at q = 0.7 1 − 0.11 + 0.12 , potentially a signature of stable mass transfer during binary evolution.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The physiopathology of brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Yves‐Alain Barde · 2025 · Physiological Reviews

BDNF is synthesized and secreted by excitatory neurons. Decades of work with animal models prepared the ground for interpreting the results of human genome analyses associating polymorphisms with memory deficits, mood disorders and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) : where is Government policy taking us now?

Sue Maguire, Jo Thompson · 2026 · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)

Young people who are "not in education, employment or training" (NEET) were brought firmly within the political agenda in 1999 with the publication of the Social Exclusion Unit's (SEU) report "Bridging the Gap" (SEU, 1999). The SEU report…

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Replication FailureOpen accessPsychology

Message-Based vs Video-Based Psychotherapy for Depression

Michael D. Pullmann, Julien Rouvere, Patrick J. Raue et al. · 2025 · JAMA Network Open

Importance: There is a need to determine the relative effect of message-based psychotherapy (MBP), an asynchronous approach that uses emails, texts, or voice or video messages to permit therapeutic exchanges, compared with video-based psychotherapy (VBP) and whether a combination of modalities would result in better outcomes for those who do not respond to either treatment alone. Objectives: To compare MBP with VBP on a commercial digital mental health platform and test combinations of modalities for participants who did not respond to single-modality treatment. Design, Setting, and Participan

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

AI Chatbots as Sources of STD Information: A Study on Reliability and Readability

Hüseyin Alperen Yıldız, Emrullah Söğütdelen · 2025 · Journal of Medical Systems

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly used for medical inquiries, including sensitive topics like sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, concerns remain regarding the reliability and readability of the information they provide. This study aimed to assess the reliability and readability of AI chatbots in providing information on STDs. The key objectives were to determine (1) the reliability of STD-related information provided by AI chatbots, and (2) whether the readability of this information meets the recommended standarts for patient education materials. M

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Understanding graft-versus-host disease. Preliminary findings regarding the effects of exercise in affected patients

Carmen Fiuza‐Luces, Nuria Garatachea, Nathan A. Berger et al. · 2026 · PubMed

Advances in this century regarding allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) have led to an expanding population of long-term survivors, many of whom suffer severe side effects, particularly those related to graft-versushost disease (GVHD), a potentially multi-systemic disorder caused by immunoeffector donor lymphocytes that destroy host tissues. The GVHD, especially in its chronic form (cGVHD), generates considerable morbidity and compromises the physical capacity of patients. We have reviewed the main pathophysiological aspects of the disease as well as the data availabl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

N-3 Fatty Acids (EPA and DHA) and Cardiovascular Health - Updated Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes

Ivana Djuričić, Philip C. Calder · 2025 · Current Atherosclerosis Reports

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We synthesize the latest evidence (published 2020 to 2025) on the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cardiovascular health, emphasizing biological mechanisms and key findings from observational studies and clinical trials related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: EPA and DHA modulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, platelet and endothelial function, the gut-heart axis, ion channels and autonomic function via vagal tone, supporting cardiovascular health. While individual RCTs have produced variable results,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 (Isolate KUW2010/02) that Restrict Replication in a Culicoides sonorensis Cell Line (KC Cells)

Gillian D. Pullinger, Marc Guimerà Busquets, Kyriaki Nomikou et al. · 2016 · PLoS ONE

Bluetongue virus (BTV) can infect most ruminant species and is usually transmitted by adult, vector-competent biting midges (Culicoides spp.). Infection with BTV can cause severe clinical signs and can be fatal, particularly in naïve sheep and some deer species. Although 24 distinct BTV serotypes were recognized for several decades, additional 'types' have recently been identified, including BTV-25 (from Switzerland), BTV-26 (from Kuwait) and BTV-27 from France (Corsica). Although BTV-25 has failed to grow in either insect or mammalian cell cultures, BTV-26 (isolate KUW2010/02), which can be t

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Negative / Null Result Report

Using short message service text reminders to reduce ‘did not attend’ rates in sexual health and HIV appointment clinics

Thomas Farmer, Gary Brook, John McSorley et al. · 2013 · International Journal of STD & AIDS

‘Did not attend’ and cancellation rates were compared for two 12-month periods before (2009) and after (2012/2013) the introduction of routine short message service text reminders being sent to patients who have pre-booked appointments.…

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Methods Dead-End

When ‘Significant’ is not Significant

Rachel Kennedy, John Scriven, Magda Nenycz-Thiel · 2014 · International Journal of Market Research

Big data is here for some and coming for many. It promises access to new knowledge along with some challenges, but let's not forget the important lessons of the past to ensure that we are advancing knowledge and making the right decisions…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

The differential relationship between finger gnosis, and addition and subtraction: An fMRI study

Fırat Soylu, David Raymond, Arianna Gutierrez et al. · 2018 · Journal of Numerical Cognition

The impact of fingers on numerical cognition has received a great deal of attention recently. One sub-set of these studies focus on the relation between finger gnosis (also called finger sense or finger gnosia), the ability to identify and individuate fingers, and mathematical development. Studies in this subdomain have reported mixed findings so far. While some studies reported that finger gnosis correlates with or predicts mathematics abilities in younger children, others failed to replicate these results. The current study explores the relationship between finger gnosis and two arithmetic o

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Negative / Null Result Report

Defining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma: Are all Quality-of-Life Scores Significant?

Panagiotis Kerezoudis, Kathleen J Yost, Nicole M Tombers et al. · 2018 · Neurosurgery

Abstract BACKGROUND The diagnosis of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is associated with reduced patient quality of life (QOL). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was introduced as the lowest improvement in a patient-reported…

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Negative / Null Result Report

Low-Cost Airlines: A Failed Business Model?

Kenneth Button · 2012 · Transportation Journal

Abstract The article examines the sustainability of the low-cost, or no-frills, airline business model. It looks at the background to the development of this managerial approach within the context of some prevailing business theories and…

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Negative / Null Result Report

Dissimilarity–Overlap analysis of replicate enrichment communities

Jean C C Vila, Yang-Yu Liu, Alvaro Sanchez · 2020 · The ISME Journal

Abstract The taxonomic composition of microbial communities can vary substantially across habitats and within the same habitat over time. Efforts to build quantitative and predictive models of microbial population dynamics are underway,…

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