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Browse the failure-mode index

323 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Psychology. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Early Maladaptive Schemas' Associations with Big-Five Personality Traits in a Non-Clinical Adult Sample

Aiste DIRZYTE, Aidas PERMINAS, Aiste SKARNULYTE et al. · 2024 · European Journal of Mental Health

Introduction: While personality traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can affect an individual’s behavior and well-being, the links between these constructs are under-researched, especially in non-clinical samples. Aims: Two studies were conducted to address these links, intending to explore their specifics, as previous research evidenced various associations’ models. Methods: In Study 1, the sample consisted of 120 respondents (65.0% females) living in the UK and the USA. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 244 respondents (68.0% females) living in Lithuania. In both studies, most of th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Early Maladaptive Schemas’ Associations with Big-Five Personality Traits in Two Non-Clinical Adult Samples from Different Cultural Backgrounds

Aiste Dirzyte, Aidas Perminas, Aiste Skarnulyte et al. · 2024 · European Journal of Mental Health

Introduction: While personality traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can affect an individual’s behavior and well-being, the links between these constructs are under-researched, especially in non-clinical samples. Aims: Two studies were conducted to address these links, intending to explore their specifics, as previous research evidenced various associations’ models. Methods: In Study 1, the sample consisted of 120 respondents (65.0% females) living in the UK and the USA. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 244 respondents (68.0% females) living in Lithuania. In both studies, most of th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Manipulating self and other schemas to explore psychological processes associated with paranoid beliefs: an online experimental study

Anton P. Martinez, Elizabeth Milne, Georgina Rowse et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Psychology

BackgroundInformation about the self and others is organized in cognitive-affective structures that influence and guide interpersonal behavior. These structures are referred to as relational schemas and are thought to be influenced by early interpersonal experiences with significant others leading to secure or insecure attachment patterns as adults. When insecure, these patterns appear to contribute to paranoid interpretations about the intentions of others by indirect pathways such as negative self-esteem and a bias toward untrustworthiness. Experimental studies employing classical conditioni

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

The selective cognitive benefits of long-term Tai Chi practice on executive function of students: a study on young adults

Sime Nkemeni Darrin, Hong Hao, Cheng Long et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Psychology

IntroductionThis study investigates the cognitive effects of long term (years of practice) Tai Chi practice, revealing mixed outcomes for executive functions. This study equally addresses the gap in research regarding the long term effects of Tai Chi, emphasizing its influence on the executive functions of young adults.MethodsUsing the BRIEFA scale and tasks like the Flanker task, More Odd Shift Task, and Nback tasks, significant differences emerged between Tai Chi students and nonstudents.ResultsIn the results, Tai Chi students demonstrated superior inhibitory control and working memory compa

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Embarrassing Product, Image Type, and Personal Pronoun: The Mediating Effect of Body Imagery

Shenghong Ye, Haoyun Yan, Zhengyu Lin et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Psychology

Consumers often feel embarrassed when buying products like condoms, hemorrhoid cream, and beriberi cream in crowded pharmacies. There is an interesting phenomenon in life: Some beriberi creams use the images of a “real foot”, while others use the images of a “cartoon foot.” Imagine if a young woman needed to go to a retail store for beriberi cream that would embarrass her, she would choose a “real foot image” or a “cartoon foot image” beriberi cream? It has been shown that the embarrassment of these products has a strong negative impact on consumer buying behavior. Previous researches have exp

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

NUMANOMO POKYČIO APTIKIMAS: AR GALIME APSIEITI BE SĄMONĖS ĮSITERPIMO?

A. Norvilas, Miller J. C. · 2010 · Psichologija

D. Fernandez-Duque ir I. M. Thornton (2000) tariamai atrado, kad asmuo gali užfiksuoti pakitimą ir be sąmonės įsiterpimo. Tačiau šį atradimą gerokai menkina vienas pačių autorių pripažintas metodologinis trūkumas – kontrolinių bandymų nebuvimas. Siekdami tiksliau nustatyti, ar norint pastebėti pakitimą reikia sąmonės tarpininkavimo, ar jo užfiksavimas gali vykti ir be sąmonės įsiterpimo, dar kartą tyrėme, kaip matomame objekte aptinkamas pasikeitimas, tačiau šį kartą tyrėmė dvejopai: vienu atveju be kontrolinių bandymų, kaip ir D. Fernandez-Duque ir I. M. Thorntonas, o kitu atveju atlikome ir

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Comportamentos de Fair Play e Antiesportivos: Avaliação dos Árbitros Fair Play and Unsporting Behavior: Evaluation of Referees Comportamientos de Fair Play y No-deportivos: Evaluación del Juez

Marcella Andressa Bosquetti, Amanda Oliveira de Morais, Leandro Ricardo Altimari et al. · 2017

This study aimed to investigate fair play behaviors and anti-sports in futsal games Sub 9 and Sub 15 categories, through the referees' evaluation. Participated 17 referees who refereed games in 1o division of a futsal championship in a…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

The Effects of a Structured and Unstructured Kindergarten Program on the Readiness Scores of Children in Selected Public Schools in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana.

Mary Coletta mcdonough Newkome · 1974

The major purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference in readiness test scores between students who participated in a structured kindergarten program and those who participated in an unstructured program.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

The Effects of Bilateral and Ipsilateral Auditory Stimuli on the Subcomponents of Visual Attention

Jing Fu, Xuanru Guo, Xiaoyu Tang et al. · 2021 · i-Perception

Attention contains three functional network subcomponents of alerting, orienting, and executive control. The attention network test (ANT) is usually used to measure the efficiency of three attention subcomponents. Previous researches have focused on examining the unimodal attention with visual or auditory ANT paradigms. However, it is still unclear how an auditory stimulus influences the visual attention networks. This study investigated the effects of bilateral auditory stimuli (Experiment 1) and ipsilateral auditory stimulus (Experiment 2) on the visual attention subcomponents. We employed a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Audio-Visual Spatiotemporal Perceptual Training Enhances the P300 Component in Healthy Older Adults

Weiping Yang, Weiping Yang, Ao Guo et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Psychology

In older adults, cognitive abilities, such as those associated with vision and hearing, generally decrease with age. According to several studies, audio-visual perceptual training can improve perceived competence regarding visual and auditory stimuli, suggesting that perceptual training is effective and beneficial. However, whether audio-visual perceptual training can induce far-transfer effects in other forms of untrained cognitive processing that are not directly trained in older adults remains unclear. In this study, the classic P300 component, a neurophysiological indicator of cognitive pr

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Does Action vs. State Orientation Really Matter in The Susceptibility to Sunk Cost Fallacy? A Conceptual Replication Study

Miroslava Galasová, Matúš Grežo · 2021 · Studia Psychologica

The theory of action versus state orientation suggests that state-oriented people are more susceptible to sunk cost fallacy than action-oriented people because they ruminate about past costs and are reluctant to change their course of actions. However, research on the role of action versus state orientation in sunk cost fallacy is fairly limited. Therefore, the present paper aims to conceptually replicate the seminal study by van Putten et al. (2010) and verify whether action versus state orientation really matters in the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy. We also examined the role of gender

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Pembelajaran E-Learning Perkembangan Anak di Jurusan Psikologi

Riza Noviana Khoirunnisa, Damajanti Kusuma Dewi, Desi Nurwidawati · 2018 · Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan

Conventional learning method is viewed to be less effective because it poses the problems of space and time. Information Technology offers a method for more effective online learning called e-learning. This research aims to develop e-learning for the module of Child Development at Department of Psychology Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This study was a developmental research project that used the method of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This model was chosen because the stages of its development are deemed appropriate especially for the refinement and implemen

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Luminance noise impacts putative luminance components of visual evoked potentials but not chromatic components

Bellany Barbosa Lopes, Terezinha Medeiros Gonçalves Loureiro, Felipe André da Costa Brito et al. · 2025 · Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

Abstract Introduction Pseudoisochromatic stimuli are widely used in psychophysical color vision testing and the features of the luminance noise present on these stimuli have been reported modifying the psychophysical chromatic discrimination. Objective The present study investigated how modifications in the luminance noise features (luminance contrast and number of luminance values) affect chromatic visual evoked cortical potentials (VECP) elicited by pseudoisochromatic gratings, aiming to evaluate the influence of luminance contrast and the number of luminance values in the pseudoisochromatic

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Intention to Proximity Travel under the COVID-19

Huan Chen, Luyao Wang, Shaogui Xu et al. · 2022 · Behavioral Sciences

The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought increasing attention to proximity travel. This mode of travel is a convenient travel setup for both tourists and neighboring destinations. With the help of the model of goal-directed behavior (MGB), this study investigates the influence of tourists’ perception of epidemic risk on their intentions for proximity travel during the normalization of epidemic prevention and control. This study takes Shenzhen, China as the research area, and carried out the investigation in the context of normalization of the epidemic in China. A total of 489 pieces of valid sampl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Comparison of the effectiveness of exposure, mindfulness and mindfulness - integrated exposure on arak women obsessive - compulsive disorder

sara hasani, abolghasem mehrinezhad, Roshanak khodabakhsh pirkalani · 2020 · مجله علوم روانشناختی

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common and disabling psychological disorders. Many studies have investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness and exposure on the improvement of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but the key question is which of the two combinations of exposure, mindfulness, and mindfulness of exposure is most effective on obsessive-compulsive disorder in women? Aims: To compare the effects of exposure, mindfulness and mindfulness-exposure consciousness on combined obsessive-compulsive disorder in Arak women. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

PERBEDAAN PERILAKU KERJA INOVATIF BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU KARYAWAN

Arum Etikariena · 2019 · Jurnal Psikologi Undip

In recent years, research on innovation in organizations, particularly innovative work behaviors, has developed considerably. The objective of the study were to examine the role of individual characteristics such as age, gender, educational background, ethnic’s background, tenure and length in current position which presumably would have an impact on the formation of innovative work behaviors. The study is quantitative study with non-experimental design, conducted on 279 respondents working in a Syariah Bank and a television company. The measuring tool used is the Innovative Work Behavior Scal

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Investigation of attachment social exclusion and risky behaviors in adolescents

Fahri Sezer, Aytekin Gürtepe · 2025 · BMC Psychology

Abstract The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between attachment, social exclusion, and risky behaviors in adolescents. The sample comprised 463 adolescents, aged 13–18, attending various high schools in Turkey. Data were collected using three instruments: the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory, the Ostracism (Social Exclusion) Scale for Adolescents, and the Risk Behaviors Scale. The results revealed a moderate negative correlation between attachment to mothers and risky behaviors, while a weaker negative correlation was observed between attachment to fathers an

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Replication FailureOpen accessPsychology

Belief Bias in Individual and Collective Reasoning

Alba Massolo, Mariel Traversi, Matías Alfonso · 2024 · Europe's Journal of Psychology

In this paper, we investigate whether collaborative group performance is better than individual performance in solving a syllogism evaluation task. We hypothesise that collaborative group settings will outperform individual settings and that the belief bias effect will be mitigated in a group setting. Two empirical studies were conducted with Argentinian undergraduate students. Study 1 (N = 239) used a between-subjects design with two conditions: individual resolution and interactive group resolution. Overall, the group condition performed better than the individual condition, but there were n

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Executive functions, listening comprehension, and metacognitive processes in childhood: developmental profiles

Ζωή Μπαμπλέκου, Ελισάβετ Χρυσοχόου, Σμαράγδα Καζή · 2023 · Ψυχολογία: το Περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας

Despite the established interplay between executive functioning and metacognition, evidence remains limited regarding children’s metacognitive monitoring in the form of offline performance estimates of their executive efficiency. Moreover, we know little about the relations among listening comprehension, executive functions, and metalinguistic awareness in childhood. The present study constitutes a first exploration of developmental profiles related to executive functioning, listening comprehension, and corresponding metacognitive-metacomprehension monitoring in periods marking their emergence

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Examining the effect of impossible problem solving on state anger: Comparing in-person and MTurk participants

Thomas DiBlasi, Courtney Pisano, Kaleigh Keenan et al. · 2024 · International Journal of Personality Psychology

This research comprises of two studies examining the effect of impossible problem solving on state anger. For the first study, using 155 participants on Amazon’s MTurk, a significant difference was observed on state anger from baseline to post-intervention (p = .04). Due to the well documented concerns about using MTurk participants, a second study involving 111 participants from a small liberal arts college was conducted. Using the same design, no significant effect of time on state anger was observed (p > .05). Post-hoc analyses indicated a significant difference between MTurk and in-person

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