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Browse the failure-mode index

309 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Psychology. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Embarrassing Product, Image Type, and Personal Pronoun: The Mediating Effect of Body Imagery

Shenghong Ye, Haoyun Yan, Zhengyu Lin et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Psychology

Consumers often feel embarrassed when buying products like condoms, hemorrhoid cream, and beriberi cream in crowded pharmacies. There is an interesting phenomenon in life: Some beriberi creams use the images of a “real foot”, while others use the images of a “cartoon foot.” Imagine if a young woman needed to go to a retail store for beriberi cream that would embarrass her, she would choose a “real foot image” or a “cartoon foot image” beriberi cream? It has been shown that the embarrassment of these products has a strong negative impact on consumer buying behavior. Previous researches have exp

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessPsychology

Working Memory Load Effects on the Tilt Aftereffect

Gaoxing Mei, Mofen Cen, Xu Luo et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychology

Prolonged exposure to an oriented stimulus causes a subsequent test stimulus to be perceived as tilted in the opposite direction, a phenomenon referred to as the tilt aftereffect (TAE). Previous studies have demonstrated that high-level cognitive functions such as attention can modulate the TAE, which is generally well-known as a low-level perceptual process. However, it is unclear whether working memory load, another high-level cognitive function, could modulate the TAE. To address this issue, here we developed a new paradigm by combining a working memory load task with a TAE task. Participan

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

When Does the Story Matter? No Evidence for the Foregrounding Hypothesis in Math Story Problems

Sabrina M. Di Lonardo Burr, Jill Turner, Jesse Nietmann et al. · 2021 · Journal of Numerical Cognition

Math story problems are difficult for many solvers because comprehension of mathematical and linguistic content must occur simultaneously. Across two studies, we attempted to conceptually replicate and extend findings reported by Mattarella-Micke and Beilock (2010, https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.17.1.106) and Jarosz and Jaeger (2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3471). Mattarella-Micke and Beilock found that multiplication word problems in which an irrelevant number was associated with the protagonist of the problem (i.e., foregrounded in the text) were solved less accurately than problems in othe

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Snap & Write: Examining the Effect of Taking Photos and Notes on Memory for Lecture Content

Maribeth M. Trego, Julia S. Soares, Annie S. Ditta · 2025 · Behavioral Sciences

Three studies investigated the effects of photo and note taking on memory for lecture content in in-person and online environments. Participants watched slideshow lecture videos and were instructed to only watch, take photos, take notes, or simultaneously take both photos and notes of the information on the slides. Memory for on-slide and only said information was tested using fill-in-the-blank questions. Experiment 1, conducted in-person, found a significant photo-taking impairment and an interaction for on-slide information such that there was a larger impairment when participants took both

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Early Maladaptive Schemas' Associations with Big-Five Personality Traits in a Non-Clinical Adult Sample

Aiste DIRZYTE, Aidas PERMINAS, Aiste SKARNULYTE et al. · 2024 · European Journal of Mental Health

Introduction: While personality traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can affect an individual’s behavior and well-being, the links between these constructs are under-researched, especially in non-clinical samples. Aims: Two studies were conducted to address these links, intending to explore their specifics, as previous research evidenced various associations’ models. Methods: In Study 1, the sample consisted of 120 respondents (65.0% females) living in the UK and the USA. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 244 respondents (68.0% females) living in Lithuania. In both studies, most of th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

NUMANOMO POKYČIO APTIKIMAS: AR GALIME APSIEITI BE SĄMONĖS ĮSITERPIMO?

A. Norvilas, Miller J. C. · 2010 · Psichologija

D. Fernandez-Duque ir I. M. Thornton (2000) tariamai atrado, kad asmuo gali užfiksuoti pakitimą ir be sąmonės įsiterpimo. Tačiau šį atradimą gerokai menkina vienas pačių autorių pripažintas metodologinis trūkumas – kontrolinių bandymų nebuvimas. Siekdami tiksliau nustatyti, ar norint pastebėti pakitimą reikia sąmonės tarpininkavimo, ar jo užfiksavimas gali vykti ir be sąmonės įsiterpimo, dar kartą tyrėme, kaip matomame objekte aptinkamas pasikeitimas, tačiau šį kartą tyrėmė dvejopai: vienu atveju be kontrolinių bandymų, kaip ir D. Fernandez-Duque ir I. M. Thorntonas, o kitu atveju atlikome ir

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Workspace Disorder Does Not Influence Creativity and Executive Functions

Alberto Manzi, Yana Durmysheva, Shannon K. Pinegar et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Psychology

Recent research by Vohs et al. (2013) garnered media attention after reporting that disordered environments increase creativity. The present research was designed to conceptually replicate and extend this finding by exploring the effect of workspace disorder on creativity. Participants were randomly assigned to work at a neatly organized (Order condition) or a messy desk (Disorder condition), where they completed several paper-and-pencil and computerized tasks, including two validated creativity measures (Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults; ATTA; Goff and Torrance, 2002; Alternative Uses Tas

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Early Maladaptive Schemas’ Associations with Big-Five Personality Traits in Two Non-Clinical Adult Samples from Different Cultural Backgrounds

Aiste Dirzyte, Aidas Perminas, Aiste Skarnulyte et al. · 2024 · European Journal of Mental Health

Introduction: While personality traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can affect an individual’s behavior and well-being, the links between these constructs are under-researched, especially in non-clinical samples. Aims: Two studies were conducted to address these links, intending to explore their specifics, as previous research evidenced various associations’ models. Methods: In Study 1, the sample consisted of 120 respondents (65.0% females) living in the UK and the USA. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 244 respondents (68.0% females) living in Lithuania. In both studies, most of th

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