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Browse the failure-mode index

414 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Significant Differences in the Gut Bacterial Communities of Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) in Different Seasons at a Stopover Site on the Flyway

Fengling Zhang, Xingjia Xiang, Yuanqiu Dong et al. · 2020 · Animals

Intestinal bacterial communities form an integral component of the organism. Many factors influence gut bacterial community composition and diversity, including diet, environment and seasonality. During seasonal migration, birds use many habitats and food resources, which may influence their intestinal bacterial community structure. Hooded crane (Grus monacha) is a migrant waterbird that traverses long distances and occupies varied habitats. In this study, we investigated the diversity and differences in intestinal bacterial communities of hooded cranes over the migratory seasons. Fecal sample

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

No Significant Difference between Plasma miRNAs and Plasma-Derived Exosomal miRNAs from Healthy People

Fei Tian, Yanting Shen, Zhenzhu Chen et al. · 2017 · BioMed Research International

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in many biological regulation processes. Studies have reported that miRNAs are enriched in human plasma and plasma-derived exosome as novel diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine whether the miRNA expression levels are different between plasma and plasma-derived exosome. METHODS: We sequenced and quantified the miRNAs in plasma and exosome from healthy blood samples and validated three miRNAs in the two groups of lung cancer samples by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: The sequencing results showed that only sever

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Human CD22 Inhibits Murine B Cell Receptor Activation in a Human CD22 Transgenic Mouse Model

Kyle J. Bednar, Elena Shanina, Romain Ballet et al. · 2017 · The Journal of Immunology

Abstract CD22, a sialic acid–binding Ig-type lectin (Siglec) family member, is an inhibitory coreceptor of the BCR with established roles in health and disease. The restricted expression pattern of CD22 on B cells and most B cell lymphomas…

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Negative / Null Result ReportBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Using markers with large effect in genetic and genomic predictions1

Marcos S. Lopes, H. Bovenhuis, Maren van Son et al. · 2017 · Journal of Animal Science

The first attempts of applying marker-assisted selection (MAS) in animal breeding were not very successful because the identification of markers closely linked to QTL using low-density microsatellite panels was difficult. More recently,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Treatment of Dientamoeba fragilis in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Anne Line Engsbro, Christen Rune Stensvold, Henrik Nielsen et al. · 2012 · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

The role of Dientamoeba fragilis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is incompletely known. We aimed to investigate whether eradication of D. fragilis alleviates symptoms in IBS. Twenty-five D. fragilis-positive IBS patients were treated…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Impact of Salinity on the Gastrointestinal Bacterial Community of Theodoxus fluviatilis

Carmen Kivistik, Jan Knobloch, Kairi Käiro et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Microbiology

Differences in salinity are boundaries that act as barriers for the dispersal of most aquatic organisms. This creates distinctive biota in freshwater and brackish water (mesohaline) environments. To test how saline boundaries influence the diversity and composition of host-associated microbiota, we analyzed the microbiome within the digestive tract of Theodoxus fluviatilis, an organism able to cross the freshwater and mesohaline boundary. Alpha-diversity measures of the microbiome in freshwater and brackish water were not significantly different. However, the composition of the bacterial commu

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Safety and Tolerability of Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting TGFβ and PD-L1, in Asian Patients with Pretreated Recurrent or Refractory Gastric Cancer

Yoon‐Koo Kang, Yung‐Jue Bang, Shunsuke Kondo et al. · 2020 · Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Purpose: Patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) have limited treatment options after first-line therapy. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Genome‐Wide Significant Association Signals in IPO11‐HTR1A Region Specific for Alcohol and Nicotine Codependence

Lingjun Zuo, Xiangyang Zhang, Fei Wang et al. · 2012 · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and nicotine codependence can be considered as a more severe subtype of alcohol dependence. A portion of its risk may be attributable to genetic factors. METHODS: We searched for significant risk genomic regions…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Pharmacological Evaluation of the SCID T Cell Transfer Model of Colitis: As a Model of Crohn's Disease

Thomas Lindebo Holm, Steen Seier Poulsen, Helle Markholst et al. · 2012 · International Journal of Inflammation

Animal models are important tools in the development of new drug candidates against the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In order to increase the translational value of these models, it is important to increase knowledge relating to standard drugs. Using the SCID adoptive transfer colitis model, we have evaluated the effect of currently used IBD drugs and IBD drug candidates, that is, anti-TNF-α, TNFR-Fc, anti-IL-12p40, anti-IL-6, CTLA4-Ig, anti-α4β7 integrin, enrofloxacin/metronidazole, and cyclosporine. We found that anti-TNF-α, antibiotics, anti-IL-

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Differences between performance of F1 crossbreds and Holsteins at different production levels

Julie Clasen, Anders Fogh, Morten Kargo · 2018 · Journal of Dairy Science

Crossbreeding in dairy cattle has recently become of increased interest. However, farmers in Scandinavian countries are reluctant to implement crossbreeding in their herds, and one reason is the common opinion that only herds at a poor…

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Phase 1/2 AAV5-hRKp.RPGR (Botaretigene Sparoparvovec) Gene Therapy: Safety and Efficacy in RPGR-Associated X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa

Michel Michaelides, Cagri G. Besirli, Yesa Yang et al. · 2024 · American Journal of Ophthalmology

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of AAV5-hRKp.RPGR in participants with retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR)-associated X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). DESIGN: Open-label, phase 1/2 dose escalation/expansion study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03252847). METHODS: vg/ml) was administered to the poorer-seeing eye (n = 10). Dose confirmation (intermediate dose) was carried out in 3 pediatric participants. In the dose expansion phase, 36 participants were randomized 1:1:1 to immediate (low or intermediate dose) or deferred (control) treatment. The primary outcome was s

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Crystal Structure and Subsequent Ligand Design of a Nonriboside Partial Agonist Bound to the Adenosine A2A Receptor

Tasia Amelia, Jacobus P. D. van Veldhoven, Matteo Falsini et al. · 2021 · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

receptor bound to a partial agonist and compared it to structures cocrystallized with either a full agonist or an antagonist/inverse agonist. The interaction between the partial agonist, belonging to a class of dicyanopyridines, and amino…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Triple blockade of EGFR, MEK and PD-L1 has antitumor activity in colorectal cancer models with constitutive activation of MAPK signaling and PD-L1 overexpression

Stefania Napolitano, Nunzia Matrone, A. L. Muddassir et al. · 2019 · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

BACKGROUND: Molecular mechanisms driving acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are complex but generally involve the activation of the downstream RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK pathway. Nevertheless, even if inhibition of EGFR and MEK could be a strategy for overcoming anti-EGFR resistance, its use is limited by the development of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) resistance. METHODS: We have generated in vitro and in vivo different CRC models in order to underline the mechanisms of MEKi resistance. RESULTS: The three different in vitro MEKi resistant models, two generated by

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Different Genomic Changes Underlie Adaptive Evolution in Populations of Contrasting History

Sofia G. Seabra, Inês Fragata, Marta A. Antunes et al. · 2017 · Molecular Biology and Evolution

Experimental evolution is a powerful tool to understand the adaptive potential of populations under environmental change. Here, we study the importance of the historical genetic background in the outcome of evolution at the genome-wide level. Using the natural clinal variation of Drosophila subobscura, we sampled populations from two contrasting latitudes (Adraga, Portugal and Groningen, Netherlands) and introduced them in a new common environment in the laboratory. We characterized the genome-wide temporal changes underlying the evolutionary dynamics of these populations, which had previously

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Mouth Rinsing With Carbohydrate Solutions at the Postprandial State Fail to Improve Performance During Simulated Cycling Time Trials

Theocharis Ispoglou, D. A. O’Kelly, Athanasia Angelopoulou et al. · 2015 · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Mouth rinsing with carbohydrate (CHO) solutions during cycling time trials results in performance enhancements; however, most studies have used approximately 6% CHO solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the…

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Prostate-Specific Antigen-Retargeted Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus for Prostate Cancer Virotherapy

Shobana Raghunath, Siba K. Samal, Subbiah Elankumaran · 2013 · Journal of Virology

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapies of cancer are based on the use of replication-competent, tumor-selective viruses with limited toxicity. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising OV and is inherently tumor…

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Degradation of Rural and Urban Great Tit Song: Testing Transmission Efficiency

Emily J. Mockford, Rupert C. Marshall, Torben Dabelsteen · 2011 · PLoS ONE

Acoustic signals play a fundamental role in avian territory defence and mate attraction. Several studies have now shown that spectral properties of bird song differ between urban and rural environments. Previously this has been attributed to competition for acoustic space as a result of low-frequency noise present in cities. However, the physical structure of urban areas may have a contributory effect. Here we investigate the sound degradation properties of woodland and city environments using both urban and rural great tit song. We show that although urban surroundings caused significantly le

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

A Multivariate Poisson Deep Learning Model for Genomic Prediction of Count Data

Osval A. Montesinos‐López, J. Cricelio Montesinos-López, P. K. Singh et al. · 2020 · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics

The paradigm called genomic selection (GS) is a revolutionary way of developing new plants and animals. This is a predictive methodology, since it uses learning methods to perform its task. Unfortunately, there is no universal model that can be used for all types of predictions; for this reason, specific methodologies are required for each type of output (response variables). Since there is a lack of efficient methodologies for multivariate count data outcomes, in this paper, a multivariate Poisson deep neural network (MPDN) model is proposed for the genomic prediction of various count outcome

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

The Use of Genome-Wide eQTL Associations in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines to Identify Novel Genetic Pathways Involved in Complex Traits

Josine L. Min, Jennifer M. Taylor, J. Brent Richards et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE

The integrated analysis of genotypic and expression data for association with complex traits could identify novel genetic pathways involved in complex traits. We profiled 19,573 expression probes in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 299 twins and correlated these with 44 quantitative traits (QTs). For 939 expressed probes correlating with more than one QT, we investigated the presence of eQTL associations in three datasets of 57 CEU HapMap founders and 86 unrelated twins. Genome-wide association analysis of these probes with 2.2 m SNPs revealed 131 potential

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Caspase-11 signaling enhances graft-versus-host disease

Yanyan Lu, Ran Meng, Xiangyu Wang et al. · 2019 · Nature Communications

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle for the wider usage of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), which is an effective therapy for hematopoietic malignancy. Here we show that caspase-11, the cytosolic receptor for bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS), enhances GVHD severity. Allo-HSCT markedly increases the LPS-caspase-11 interaction, leading to the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Caspase-11 and GSDMD mediate the release of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in allo-HSCT. Deletion of Caspase-11 or Gsdmd, inhibition of LPS-caspase-11 interacti

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) Contributes to Severe Inflammatory Liver Injury in Mice

Toni Weinhage, Timo Wirth, Paula Schütz et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Immunology

Background. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor involved in a number of processes and disorders. While it is known that RAGE-signaling can contribute to toxic liver damage and fibrosis, its role in acute inflammatory liver injury and septic multiorgan failure is yet undefined. We examined RAGE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute liver injury of D-galN sensitized mice as a classical model for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) dependent inflammatory organ damage. Methods. Mice (Rage-/- and C57BL/6) were intraperitoneally injected with D galN

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

The Midblastula Transition Defines the Onset of Y RNA-Dependent DNA Replication in Xenopus laevis

Clara Collart, Christo P. Christov, James C. Smith et al. · 2011 · Molecular and Cellular Biology

Noncoding Y RNAs are essential for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in mammalian cell extracts, but their role in this process during early vertebrate development is unknown. Here, we use antisense morpholino nucleotides (MOs)…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Trajectory inference across multiple conditions with condiments

Hector Roux de Bézieux, Koen Van den Berge, Kelly Street et al. · 2024 · Nature Communications

In single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), gene expression is assessed individually for each cell, allowing the investigation of developmental processes, such as embryogenesis and cellular differentiation and regeneration, at unprecedented resolution. In such dynamic biological systems, cellular states form a continuum, e.g., for the differentiation of stem cells into mature cell types. This process is often represented via a trajectory in a reduced-dimensional representation of the scRNA-Seq dataset. While many methods have been suggested for trajectory inference, it is often unclear how to h

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

PPARA Intron Polymorphism Associated with Power Performance in 30-s Anaerobic Wingate Test

Miroslav Petr, Petr Šťastný, Ondřej Pecha et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

To date, polymorphisms in several genes have been associated with a strength/power performance including alpha 3 actinin, ciliary neurotrophic factor, vitamin D receptor, or angiotensin I converting enzyme, underlining the importance of genetic component of the multifactorial strength/power-related phenotypes. The single nucleotide variation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene (PPARA) intron 7 G/C (rs4253778; g.46630634G>C) has been repeatedly found to play a significant role in response to different types of physical activity. We investigated the effect of PPARA intron 7

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Genome Scans for Transmission Ratio Distortion Regions in Mice

J. Casellas, Rodrigo Gularte‐Mérida, Charles R. Farber et al. · 2012 · Genetics

Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is the departure from the expected genotypic frequencies under Mendelian inheritance. This departure can be due to multiple physiological mechanisms during gametogenesis, fertilization, fetal and…

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Negative / Null Result ReportBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Testosterone measured from amniotic fluid and maternal plasma shows no significant association with directional asymmetry in newborn digit ratio (2D:4D)

Gareth Richards, Manuel C. Gomes, T. Ventura · 2018 · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Foetal sex hormones can have powerful and far-reaching effects on later phenotype. However, obtaining accurate measurements is difficult for ethical reasons, and researchers often employ proxy variables to examine their effects. The…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Metformin Treatment Does Not Inhibit Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts

Matthew B. Lipner, Raoud Marayati, Yangmei Deng et al. · 2016 · PLoS ONE

There is currently tremendous interest in developing anti-cancer therapeutics targeting cell signaling pathways important for both cancer cell metabolism and growth. Several epidemiological studies have shown that diabetic patients taking metformin have a decreased incidence of pancreatic cancer. This has prompted efforts to evaluate metformin, a drug with negligible toxicity, as a therapeutic modality in pancreatic cancer. Preclinical studies in cell line xenografts and one study in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were promising, while recently published clinical trials showed no benef

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Histone Deacetylation Critically Determines T Cell Subset Radiosensitivity

Jason L. Pugh, Alona S. Sukhina, Thomas M. Seed et al. · 2014 · The Journal of Immunology

Lymphocytes are sensitive to ionizing radiation and naive lymphocytes are more radiosensitive than their memory counterparts. Less is known about radiosensitivity of memory cell subsets. We examined the radiosensitivity of naive (TN),…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Investigating the Role of Free-living Amoebae as a Reservoir for Mycobacterium ulcerans

Nana Ama Amissah, Sophie Gryseels, Nicholas J. Tobias et al. · 2014 · PLoS neglected tropical diseases

BACKGROUND: The reservoir and mode of transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, still remain a mystery. It has been suggested that M. ulcerans persists with difficulty as a free-living organism due to its natural fragility and inability to withstand exposure to direct sunlight, and thus probably persists within a protective host environment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We investigated the role of free-living amoebae as a reservoir of M. ulcerans by screening the bacterium in free-living amoebae (FLA) cultures isolated from environmental specimens using re

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