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Browse the failure-mode index

21,252 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Don't Leave Me Alone: Retrospective Think Aloud supported by Real-time Monitoring of Participant's Physiology

Alexandros Liapis, Christos Katsanos, Michalis Xenos · 2018 · arXiv

Think aloud protocols are widely applied in user experience studies. In this paper, the effect of two different applications of the Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA) protocol on the number of user-reported usability issues is examined. To this end, 30 users were asked to use the National Cadastre and Mapping Agency web application and complete a set of tasks, such as measuring the land area of a square in their hometown. The order of tasks was randomized per participant. Next, participants were involved in RTA sessions. Each participant was involved in two different RTA modes: (a) the strict gui

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Navigating with Haptic Gloves: Investigating Strategies for Horizontal and Vertical Movement Guidance

Mahdis Tajdari, Jason Forsyth, Sol Lim · 2025 · arXiv

Navigating peripersonal space requires reaching targets in both horizontal (e.g., desks) and vertical (e.g., shelves) layouts with high precision. We developed a haptic glove to aid peri-personal target navigation and investigated the effectiveness of different feedback delivery methods. Twenty-two participants completed target navigation tasks under various conditions, including scene layout (horizontal or vertical), guidance approach (two-tactor or worst-axis first), guidance metaphor (push or pull), and intensity mode (linear or zone) for conveying distance cues. Task completion time, hand

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Epitaxial (111) Films of Cu, Ni, and Cu$_xNi$_y$ on α-Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) for Graphene Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition

David L. Miller, Mark W. Keller, Justin M. Shaw et al. · 2012 · arXiv

Films of (111)-textured Cu, Ni, and Cu$_x$Ni$_y$ were evaluated as substrates for chemical vapor deposition of graphene. A metal thickness of 400 nm to 700 nm was sputtered onto a substrate of $α-$Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) at temperatures of 250 C to 650 C. The films were then annealed at 1000 C in a tube furnace. X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction measurements showed all films have (111) texture but have grains with in-plane orientations differing by $60^{\circ}$. The in-plane epitaxial relationship for all films was $[110]_{metal}$||$[10\bar{1}0]_{{Al}_{2}{O}_{3}}$. Reactive sputtering of Al

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

BSQ Conserved Charges in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics solved with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Christopher Plumberg, Dekrayat Almaalol, Travis Dore et al. · 2024 · arXiv

Conservation laws play a crucial role in the modeling of heavy-ion collisions, including the those for charges such as baryon number (B), strangeness (S), and electric charge (Q). In this study, we present a new 2+1 relativistic viscous hydrodynamic code called CCAKE which uses the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) formalism to locally conserve BSQ charges, together with an extended description of the multi-dimensional equation of state (EoS) obtained from lattice Quantum Chromodynamics. Initial conditions for CCAKE are supplied by the ICCING model, which samples gluon splittings into quar

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

An Empirical Security Evaluation of LLM-Generated Cryptographic Rust Code

Mohamed Elsayed, Kenneth Fulton, Jeong Yang · 2026 · arXiv

Developers and organizations are using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate security-critical code more frequently than ever, including cryptographic solutions for their products. This study presents an empirical evaluation of cryptographic security in 240 Rust code samples for two crypto algorithms (AES-256-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305) generated by three LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro, GPT-4o, and DeepSeek Coder) using four different prompt strategies. For each successfully compiled code sample, CodeQL static analysis and our rule-based crypto-specific analyzer were used to detect vulnerabilities, wh

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

ConvMemory: A Lightweight Learned Memory Reranker, a Negative Attribution Result, and a Research-Preview Conflict Editor

Taiheng Pan · 2026 · arXiv

We describe ConvMemory, a small 3.6M-parameter learned reranker for conversational long-term memory retrieval, trained with cross-encoder teacher supervision over fused dense and lexical features. On the LongMemEval memory family, ConvMemory operates above the BGE-large cross-encoder in Recall@10 at 12-47x lower latency, remains within 0.025 Recall@10 of mxbai-rerank-large-v1 on Clean500 while running 28x cheaper; under Stress1000 distractors the Recall@10 gap widens to 0.081 but ConvMemory still operates at 117x lower latency; these LongMemEval numbers are single-run or single-seed and are re

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Interplay among superconductivity, pseudogap, and stripe correlations in different high-Tc cuprates

S. H. Naqib, R. S. Islam · 2011 · arXiv

The effect of Zn substitution in the CuO2 plane on the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, was studied for the La2-xSrxCu1-yZnyO4 and YBa2(Cu1-yZny)3O7-d compounds over a wide range of hole concentration, p, and Zn content (y). Zn induced rate of suppression of Tc, dTc(p)/dy, was found to be strongly p-dependent and showed a monotonic variation with p, except in the vicinity of p ~ 0.125, i.e., near the so-called 1/8th anomaly where the charge/spin stripe correlations are at their strongest in hole doped cuprates. The magnitude of dTc(p)/dy decreased significantly around this hole conc

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Reactive solute transport in physically and chemically heterogeneous porous media with multimodal reactive mineral facies: The Lagrangian approach

Mohamad Reza Soltanian, Robert Ritzi, Zhenxue Dai et al. · 2014 · arXiv

Physical and chemical heterogeneities have a large impact on reactive transport in porous media. Examples of heterogeneous attributes affecting reactive mass transport are the hydraulic conductivity (K), and the equilibrium sorption distribution coefficient (Kd). This paper uses the Deng et al. (2013) conceptual model for multimodal reactive mineral facies and a Lagrangian-based stochastic theory in order to analyze the reactive solute dispersion in three-dimensional anisotropic heterogeneous porous media with hierarchical organization of reactive minerals. An example based on real field data

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Cooperation and Contagion in Web-Based, Networked Public Goods Experiments

Siddharth Suri, Duncan J. Watts · 2010 · arXiv

A longstanding idea in the literature on human cooperation is that cooperation should be reinforced when conditional cooperators are more likely to interact. In the context of social networks, this idea implies that cooperation should fare better in highly clustered networks such as cliques than in networks with low clustering such as random networks. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of web-based experiments, in which 24 individuals played a local public goods game arranged on one of five network topologies that varied between disconnected cliques and a random regular graph. In c

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Towards the Design of Effective Freehand Gestural Interaction for Interactive TV

Gang Ren, Wenbin Li, Eamonn O'Neill · 2016 · arXiv

As interactive devices become pervasive, people are beginning to looking for more advanced interaction with televisions in the living room. Interactive television has the potential to offer a very engaging experience. But most common user tasks are still challenging with such systems, such as menu selection or text input. And little work has been done on understanding and sup-porting the effective design of freehand interaction with an TV in the living room. In this paper, we perform two studies investi-gating freehand gestural interaction with a consumer level sensor, which is suitable for TV

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Vortex ring induced by a disk translating toward or away from a wall

Joanne Steiner, Cyprien Morize, Ivan Delbende et al. · 2025 · arXiv

This study investigates the time evolution of vortex rings generated by the normal translation of a disk either toward or away from a wall. We systematically vary the control parameters, including the disk size, stroke length, travel time, and distance from the wall, to analyze their influence on vortex dynamics. Experiments are conducted with Particle Image Velocimetry, while numerical simulations are performed using the flow solver Basilisk. The circulation and core radius are used as primary metrics to describe the properties of the vortex ring. A quantitative agreement is observed between

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

A Modular Transradial Bypass Socket for Surface Myoelectric Prosthetic Control in Non-Amputees

Michael D. Paskett, Nathaniel R. Olsen, Jacob A. George et al. · 2019 · arXiv

Bypass sockets allow researchers to perform tests of prosthetic systems from the prosthetic user's perspective. We designed a modular upper-limb bypass socket with 3D-printed components that can be easily modified for use with a variety of terminal devices. Our bypass socket preserves access to forearm musculature and the hand, which are necessary for surface electromyography and to provide substituted sensory feedback. Our bypass socket allows a sufficient range of motion to complete tasks in the frontal working area, as measured on non-amputee participants. We examined the performance of non

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Three-Omega Thermal-Conductivity Measurements with Curved Heater Geometries

Gabriel R. Jaffe, Keenan J. Smith, Victor W. Brar et al. · 2020 · arXiv

The three-omega method, a powerful technique to measure the thermal conductivity of nanometer-thick films and the interfaces between them, has historically employed straight conductive wires to act as both heaters and thermometers. When investigating stochastically prepared samples such as two-dimensional materials and nanomembranes, residue and excess material can make it difficult to fit the required millimeter-long straight wire on the sample surface. There are currently no available criteria for how diverting three-omega heater wires around obstacles affects the validity of the thermal mea

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

End-to-End Fidelity Analysis of Quantum Circuit Optimization: From Gate-Level Transformations to Pulse-Level Control

Rylan Malarchick · 2026 · arXiv

We present an analysis of quantum circuit fidelity across the full compilation stack, from high-level gate optimization through pulse-level control. We connect a C++ circuit optimizer to a per-gate Lindblad master-equation fidelity model whose decoherence channels are cross-validated against qiskit-dynamics and whose absolute predictions are benchmarked against execution on real hardware. Across a campaign of 4,452 experiment runs over 371 benchmark circuits, gate cancellation provides the dominant improvement ($d = 1.66$, 72% of circuits improved), while circuit size and pulse duration are th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Quark resonances and high E_t jets

Myron Bander · 1996 · arXiv

Possible spin-3/2 quark resonances would have a significant effect on high E$_{\mbox{\rm t}}$ jet production through their contribution to the subprocess $q+{\bar q}\rightarrow g+g$. Such enhancements are compared to a, recently reported, anomaly in inclusive jet production at the CDF detector.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Electronic, thermal, and optical properties of graphene like SiC$_x$ structures: Significant effects of Si atom configurations

Nzar Rauf Abdullah, Gullan Ahmed Mohammed, Hunar Omar Rashid et al. · 2020 · arXiv

We investigate the electronic, thermal, and optical characteristics of graphene like SiC$_x$ structure using model calculations based on density functional theory. The change in the energy bandgap can be tuned by the Si atomic configuration, rather than the dopants ratio. The effects of the concentration of the Si atoms and the shape of supercell are kept constant, and only the interaction effects of two Si atoms are studied by varying their positions. If the Si atoms are at the same sublattice positions, a maximum bandgap is obtained leading to an increased Seebeck coefficient and figure of m

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Computational Investigation of Microgels: Synthesis and Effect of the Microstructure on the Deswelling Behavior

Angel J. Moreno, Federica Lo Verso · 2018 · arXiv

We present computer simulations of a realistic model of microgels. Unlike the regular network frameworks usually assumed in the simulation literature, we model and simulate a realistic and efficient synthesis route, mimicking cross-linking of functionalized chains inside a cavity. This model is inspired, e.g., by microfluidic fabrication of microgels from macromolecular precursors and is different from standard polymerization routes. The assembly of the chains is mediated by a low fraction of interchain crosslinks. The microgels are polydisperse in size and shape but globally spherical objects

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Near-IR spectroscopic ages of massive star clusters in M82

A. Lançon, J. S. Gallagher, M. Mouhcine et al. · 2008 · arXiv

Like other starburst galaxies, M82 hosts compact, massive young star clusters that are interesting both in their own right and as benchmarks for population synthesis models. Can spectral synthesis models at resolutions around 1000 adequately reproduce the near-IR spectral features and the energy distribution of these clusters between 0.8 and 2.4 microns? How do the derived cluster properties compare with previous results from optical studies? We analyse the spectra of 5 massive clusters in M82, using data acquired with the spectrograph SpeX on the InfraRed Telescope Facility (NASA/IRTF) and a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

Research on spatial information transmission efficiency and capability of safe evacuation signs

Ruiwen Fan, Zhangyin Dai, Shixiang Tian et al. · 2022 · arXiv

As an indispensable spatial direction information indicator for emergency evacuation, the spatial relationship between safety evacuation signs and evacuees will affect the response time of evacuees and the evacuation efficiency. This paper takes 2 kinds of common safety evacuation signs, hangtag-type and embedded, as the research object and designs space direction information transmission efficiency and capability simulation experiment and fire drill, the efficiency and capability of spatial direction information transmission of safety evacuation signs are studied. The results show that the sp

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Roles of $\bar{D}^{*}K^{*}$ and $D^*\bar{D}$ molecular states in decay $B^+ \to D^{*+} D^- K^+$

Zuo-Ming Ding, Qi Huang, Jun He · 2025 · arXiv

This study investigates the three-body decay process $B^+ \to D^{*+} D^- K^+$, aiming to explore the possible origins of $T^*_{\bar{c}\bar{s}0}(2870)^0$ and $χ_{c1}(3872)$ as intermediate states. Within the molecular state framework, $T^*_{\bar{c}\bar{s}0}(2870)^0$ and $χ_{c1}(3872)$ are considered as possible $\bar{D}^{*}K^{}$ and $D^*\bar{D}$ molecular states, respectively. Using effective Lagrangians, the interaction kernels of the $\bar{D}^{*}K^{*}$ and $D^*\bar{D}$ systems are constructed within the one-boson-exchange model. The corresponding rescattering amplitudes and pole positions are

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

The Dust Attenuation Scaling Relation of Star-Forming Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulations

Man Qiao, Xian Zhong Zheng, Antonios Katsianis et al. · 2024 · arXiv

Dust attenuation in star-forming galaxies (SFGs), as parameterized by the infrared excess (IRX $\equiv L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$), is found to be tightly correlated with star formation rate (SFR), metallicity and galaxy size, following a universal IRX relation up to $z=3$. This scaling relation can provide a fundamental constraint for theoretical models to reconcile galaxy star formation, chemical enrichment, and structural evolution across cosmic time. We attempt to reproduce the universal IRX relation over $0.1\leq z\leq 2.5$ using the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations and examine sensitive para

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Shear and Ellipticity in Gravitational Lenses

C. R. Keeton, C. S. Kochanek, U. Seljak · 1996 · arXiv

Galaxies modeled as singular isothermal ellipsoids with an axis ratio distribution similar to the observed axis ratio distribution of E and S0 galaxies are statistically consistent with both the observed numbers of two-image and four-image lenses and the inferred ellipticities of individual lenses. However, no four-image lens is well fit by the model (typical $χ^2/N_{dof} \sim 20$), the axis ratio of the model can be significantly different from that of the observed lens galaxy, and the major axes of the model and the galaxy may be slightly misaligned. We found that models with a second, indep

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

The interaction between trade and FDI: the CEE countries experience

Claudiu Tiberiu Albulescu, Daniel Goyeau · 2016 · arXiv

Inside the EU, the commercial integration of the CEE countries has gained remarkable momentum before the crisis appearance, but it has slightly slowed down afterwards. Consequently, the interest in identifying the factors supporting the commercial integration process is high. Recent findings in the new trade theory suggest that FDI influence the trade intensity but the studies approaching this relationship for the CEE countries present mixed evidence, and investigate the commercial integration of CEE countries with the old EU members. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to as

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Investigating the Robustness of Sequential Recommender Systems Against Training Data Perturbations

Filippo Betello, Federico Siciliano, Pushkar Mishra et al. · 2023 · arXiv

Sequential Recommender Systems (SRSs) are widely employed to model user behavior over time. However, their robustness in the face of perturbations in training data remains a largely understudied yet critical issue. A fundamental challenge emerges in previous studies aimed at assessing the robustness of SRSs: the Rank-Biased Overlap (RBO) similarity is not particularly suited for this task as it is designed for infinite rankings of items and thus shows limitations in real-world scenarios. For instance, it fails to achieve a perfect score of 1 for two identical finite-length rankings. To address

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Metal-insulator transition in Nd1-xEuxNiO3 probed by specific heat and anelastic measurements

V. B. Barbeta, R. F. Jardim, M. S. Torikachvili et al. · 2010 · arXiv

Oxides RNiO3 (R = rare-earth, R # La) exhibit a metal-insulator (MI) transition at a temperature TMI and an antiferromagnetic (AF) transition at TN. Specific heat (CP) and anelastic spectroscopy measurements were performed in samples of Nd1-xEuxNiO3, 0 = 0.25, differences between cooling and warming curves are negligible, and two well defined peaks are clearly observed: one at lower temperatures, that define TN, and t

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

The separate and combined effects of baryon physics and neutrino free-streaming on large-scale structure

Benjamin O. Mummery, Ian G. McCarthy, Simeon Bird et al. · 2017 · arXiv

We use the cosmo-OWLS and BAHAMAS suites of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to explore the separate and combined effects of baryon physics (particularly feedback from active galactic nuclei, AGN) and free-streaming of massive neutrinos on large-scale structure. We focus on five diagnostics: i) the halo mass function; ii) halo mass density profiles; iii) the halo mass-concentration relation; iv) the clustering of haloes; and v) the clustering of matter; and we explore the extent to which the effects of baryon physics and neutrino free-streaming can be treated independently. Consistent w

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Glass phases of flux lattices in layered superconductors

Anatoly Golub, Baruch Horovitz · 1997 · arXiv

We study a flux lattice which is parallel to superconducting layers, allowing for dislocations and for disorder of both short wavelength and long wavelength. We find that the long wavelength disorder has a significant effect on the phase diagram -- it produces a first order transition within the Bragg glass phase and leads to melting at strong disorder. This then allows a Friedel scenario of 2D superconductivity.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics

Galaxy Flybys: Evolution of the Bulge, Disk, and Spiral Arms

Ankit Kumar, Mousumi Das, Sandeep Kumar Kataria · 2021 · arXiv

Galaxy flybys are as common as mergers in low redshift universe and are important for galaxy evolution as they involve the exchange of significant amounts of mass and energy. In this study we investigate the effect of minor flybys on the bulges, disks, and spiral arms of Milky Way mass galaxies for two types of bulges - classical bulges and boxy/peanut pseudobulges. Our N-body simulations comprise of two disk galaxies of mass ratios 10:1 and 5:1, where the disks of the galaxies lie in their orbital plane and the pericenter distance is varied. We performed photometric and kinematic bulge-disk d

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Impact of geolocation data on augmented reality usability: A comparative user test

Julien Mercier, N. Chabloz, G. Dozot et al. · 2023 · arXiv

Abstract. While the use of location-based augmented reality (AR) for education has demonstrated benefits on participants' motivation, engagement, and on their physical activity, geolocation data inaccuracy causes augmented objects to jitter or drift, which is a factor in downgrading user experience. We developed a free and open source web AR application and conducted a comparative user test (n = 54) in order to assess the impact of geolocation data on usability, exploration, and focus. A control group explored biodiversity in nature using the system in combination with embedded GNSS data, and

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