e-ISSN: Pending

Browse the failure-mode index

21,247 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

When Do Low-Frequency Measures Really Measure Effective Spreads? Evidence from Equity and Foreign Exchange Markets

Mohammad R. Jahan‐Parvar, Filip Žikeš · 2023 · Review of Financial Studies

Abstract We present evidence that several popular low-frequency measures of effective spread suffer from a volatility-induced bias and that volatility is the primary driver of the variation of these liquidity proxies. Using data for U.S. equities and major foreign exchange rates, we show that the bias arises when the effective spread is small relative to volatility. We document that the bias has become more acute over time and show that volatility-biased measures fail to replicate some well-known results in empirical finance. We conclude by providing guidance on the choice of low-frequency mea

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportPhysics and Astronomy

Detecting Statistically Significant Communities

Zengyou He, Hao Liang, Zheng Chen et al. · 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

Community detection is a key data analysis problem across different fields. During the past decades, numerous algorithms have been proposed to address this issue. However, most work on community detection does not address the issue of…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Computational genetics analysis of grey matter density in Alzheimer’s disease

Amanda Zieselman, Jonathan Fisher, Ting Hu et al. · 2014 · BioData Mining

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of progressive dementia and there is currently no known cure. The cause of onset is not fully understood but genetic factors are expected to play a significant role. We present here a bioinformatics approach to the genetic analysis of grey matter density as an endophenotype for late onset Alzheimer's disease. Our approach combines machine learning analysis of gene-gene interactions with large-scale functional genomics data for assessing biological relationships. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant synergistic interaction among t

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Early COVID-19 Interventions Failed to Replicate 1918 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia Outcomes in the United States

Aliea M. Jalali, Brent M. Peterson, Thushara Galbadage · 2020 · Frontiers in Public Health

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited an abrupt pause in the United States in multiple sectors of commerce and social activity. As the US faces this health crisis, the magnitude and rigor of their initial public health response was unprecedented. As a response, the entire nation shutdown at the state-level for the duration of a ~1-3 months. These public health interventions, however, were not arbitrarily decided, but rather, implemented as a result of evidence-based practices. These practices were a result of lessons learned during the 1918 influenza pandemic and the ci

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Immunization with a Trypanosoma cruzi cyclophilin-19 deletion mutant protects against acute Chagas disease in mice

Bijay Kumar Jha, Sanjay Varikuti, Chaitenya Verma et al. · 2023 · npj Vaccines

Human infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease for which there are no prophylactic vaccines. Cyclophilin 19 is a secreted cis-trans peptidyl isomerase expressed in all life stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. This protein in the insect stage leads to the inactivation of insect anti-parasitic peptides and parasite transformation whereas in the intracellular amastigotes it participates in generating ROS promoting the growth of parasites. We have generated a parasite mutant with depleted expression of Cyp19 by removal of 2 of 3 genes encoding this protein using doubl

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Evidence on Integrating Pharmacokinetics to Find Truly Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer’s Disease: Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Disposition Kinetics Profiles of Stereoisomers Isorhynchophylline and Rhynchophylline in Rats

Chunyuan Zhang, Xu Wu, Yanfang Xian et al. · 2019 · Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Isorhynchophylline (IRN) and rhynchophylline (RN), a pair of stereoisomers, are tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla , a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb. These two compounds have drawn extensive attention…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Robustness of the rule‐learning effect in 7‐month‐old infants: A close, multicenter replication of Marcus et al. (1999)

Andreea Geambașu, Sybren Spit, Daan van Renswoude et al. · 2022 · Developmental Science

We conducted a close replication of the seminal work by Marcus and colleagues from 1999, which showed that after a brief auditory exposure phase, 7-month-old infants were able to learn and generalize a rule to novel syllables not previously present in the exposure phase. This work became the foundation for the theoretical framework by which we assume that infants are able to learn abstract representations and generalize linguistic rules. While some extensions on the original work have shown evidence of rule learning, the outcomes are mixed, and an exact replication of Marcus et al.'s study has

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

The more we search, the more we find: discovering and expanding the biodiversity in the ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 (Nematoda: Criconematidae)

A. Archidona-Yuste, I. Clavero-Camacho, A. N. Ruiz-Cuenca et al. · 2024 · Zoological Letters

Abstract The ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 comprises only one nominal species, Xenocriconemella macrodora (Taylor, 1936) De Grisse and Loof, 1965. The initial objective of the present study was to…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A genome‐wide association study of obstructive heart defects among participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

Sara R. Rashkin, Mario A. Cleves, Gary M. Shaw et al. · 2022 · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A

Abstract Obstructive heart defects (OHDs) share common structural lesions in arteries and cardiac valves, accounting for ~25% of all congenital heart defects. OHDs are highly heritable, resulting from interplay among maternal exposures,…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportComputer Science

epEBench: True Energy Benchmark

Simon Holmbacka, Robert Müller · 2017

Current benchmark suites for evaluating energy efficiency of modern computer systems fail to replicate real-world streaming applications accurately enough because of indeterministic load pattern which depends heavily on the input data of…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

Narcissism and Reactions to a Self-Esteem Insult: An Experiment Using Predictions from Self-Report and the Rorschach Task

Emanuela S. Gritti, Gregory J. Meyer, Robert F. Bornstein et al. · 2020 · Journal of Personality Assessment

We used self-reported narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability and a component derived from 11 potential grandiosity and narcissism variables (GNVs) coded from Rorschach behavior to predict fluctuations in self-esteem and their links to…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Enhanced efficacy with azacytidine and oncolytic BHV-1 in a tolerized cotton rat model of breast adenocarcinoma

Breanne Cuddington, Meghan L. Verschoor, Ali A. Ashkar et al. · 2015 · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics

Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate in cancer cells by exploiting biochemical differences between normal and tumor cells. Treatment with epigenetic modifiers such as 5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, increases the…

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Did the use of open invitations in place of timed appointment invitations reduce the uptake of breast screening in the London region during the COVID-19 recovery?

Sue M Hudson, Kathie Binysh, Stephen W Duffy · 2022 · Journal of Medical Screening

Objective The Covid-19 pandemic created a backlog of women awaiting an invitation for breast screening in the UK. To recover in a timely fashion, the National Health Service programme opted to issue open invitations (OI) to women rather…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science

Influence of Hook Size and Style on Short-Term Survival of Deeply Hooked Bluegills

Justin J. Robert, Sarah M. Larocque, Steven J. Cooke · 2012 · North American Journal of Fisheries Management

Abstract Catch and release is a common practice among recreational anglers. In instances when fish are deeply hooked, the proper techniques for promoting survival are poorly understood, although evidence suggests that the fishing line…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

An exploratory study to evaluate visual function endpoints in non-advanced age-related macular degeneration

Divya Narayanan, John David Rodriguez, Garrick Wallstrom et al. · 2020 · BMC Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: To prevent irreversible vision loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), it is critical to detect retinal dysfunction before permanent structural loss occurs. In the current study we evaluated a series of visual function tests to identify potential endpoints to detect visual dysfunction in non-advanced AMD. METHODS: A series of visual function tests were performed on 23 non-advanced AMD subjects (AREDS grade 1-4 on simplified scale) and 34 age-matched normals (AREDS grade 0). Tests included some commonly used endpoints such as ETDRS visual acuity (VA), low luminance (LL) 2.0N

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Stroke Volume Variation-Guided Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy Did Not Significantly Reduce the Incidence of Early Postoperative Complications in Elderly Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Wei Tang, Yuwei Qiu, Huijie Lu et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Surgery

Study Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether stroke volume variation (SVV)-guided goal-directed therapy (GDT) can improve postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) compared…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Milademetan in Advanced Solid Tumors with MDM2 Amplification and Wild-type TP53: Preclinical and Phase II Clinical Trial Results

Ecaterina E. Dumbrava, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Mrinal M. Gounder et al. · 2025 · Clinical Cancer Research

PURPOSE: Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrades the tumor suppressor p53. In cancers, MDM2 amplification (MDM2amp) leads to overexpression of MDM2, inducing p53 degradation and a p53-null phenotype even in the…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impact of Coronary Lesion Stability on the Benefit of Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Louis Pechmajou, Éloi Marijon, Olivier Varenne et al. · 2020 · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions

Background: Conflicting data exist regarding the benefit of urgent coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after sudden cardiac arrest, particularly in the absence of ST-segment elevation. We hypothesized that the…

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Ultrasonography-Guided Core Needle Biopsy Did Not Reduce Diagnostic Lobectomy for Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance

Jung Hyun Yoon, Jin Young Kwak, Hee Jung Moon et al. · 2019 · Ultrasound Quarterly

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the role of ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) in deciding upon management for prior atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS)…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Emergent immunotherapy approaches for brain metastases

Jianbo Wang, Hussein A. Tawbi · 2021 · Neuro-Oncology Advances

Brain metastases from solid tumors are increasing in incidence, especially as outcomes of systemic therapies continue to extend patients' overall survival. The long-held notion that the brain is an immune sanctuary has now been largely…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Suppression of Cannibalism during Larviculture of Burbot through Size Grading

James M. Barron, Nathan R. Jensen, Paul J. Anders et al. · 2013 · North American Journal of Aquaculture

Abstract The survival and percentage of North American Burbot Lota lota maculosa larvae and metamorphosing larvae presumed to have been cannibalized during a 15-d period immediately following a size-grading event were compared with those of fish in nongraded control groups. In larvae (mean TL, 11.8 mm), grading immediately produced a size distinction, as the group that passed the grader was significantly narrower and shorter than the group retained by the grader. The mean coefficient of variation of the length of larvae in the retained group was significantly lower than that of the control gro

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

New medications development for smoking cessation

Dana Lengel, Paul J. Kenny · 2023 · Addiction Neuroscience

Diseases associated with nicotine dependence in the form of habitual tobacco use are a major cause of premature death in the United States. The majority of tobacco smokers will relapse within the first month of attempted abstinence.…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Binary Model of Chronic Diseases Applied to COVID-19

Zeev Elkoshi · 2021 · Frontiers in Immunology

A binary model for the classification of chronic diseases has formerly been proposed. The model classifies chronic diseases as “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases according to the extent of regulatory T cells (Treg) activity (frequency or function) observed. The present paper applies this model to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS - CoV - 2) infection. The model correctly predicts the efficacy or inefficacy of several immune-modulating drugs in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. It also correctly predicts the class of pathogens mostly associ

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ratcheting down the virulence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the COVID‐19 pandemic

Adam Brufsky, Michael T. Lotze · 2020 · Journal of Medical Virology

Muller's ratchet1 predicts that when mutation rates are high and a significant proportion of mutations are deleterious, a kind of irreversible ratchet mechanism will gradually decrease the mean fitness of small populations of asexual organisms.2 In cell culture, serial passage of genetically bottlenecked vesicular stomatitis virus, which grew quite rapidly on HeLa cells, severely reduced in fitness and virulence within 20 passages in a novel BHK host cell.2 Genetic bottlenecks are likely important in intraspecies viral transmission.3 RNA-based viruses are particularly prone to repeated bottlen

View details →
Negative / Null Result Report

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis with Tixagevimab-cilgavimab did not Reduce Severity of COVID-19 in Lung Transplant Recipients with Breakthrough Infection

Devika Sindu, Deepika Razia, Katherine Grief et al. · 2023 · Transplantation Direct

Background. Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) have an increased risk of COVID-19–related morbidity and mortality. Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (tix-cil) is a long-acting monoclonal antibody combination granted Emergency Use Authorization…

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vaccines targeting the primary amino acid sequence and conformational epitope of amyloid‐β had distinct effects on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in EAE/AD mice

Xiaolin Yu, Jie Zhu, Xiang‐meng Liu et al. · 2020 · British Journal of Pharmacology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Immunotherapeutic intervention is one of the most promising strategies for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although they showed great success in AD mouse models, the clinical trials of many…

View details →