Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology
Janna N. Vrijsen, Ben Grafton, Ernst H. W. Koster et al. · 2024 · Behaviour Research and Therapy
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) has evolved from an experimental method testing cognitive mechanisms of psychopathology to a promising tool for accessible digital mental health care. While we are still discovering the conditions under which clinically relevant effects occur, the dire need for accessible, effective, and low-cost mental health tools underscores the need for implementation where such tools are available. Providing our expert opinion as Association for Cognitive Bias Modification members, we first discuss the readiness of different CBM approaches for clinical implementation, the
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on behalf of the Pediatric Imaging Neurocognition Genetics study, John D. Eicher, Angela Montgomery et al. · 2015 · Brain Imaging and Behavior
Dyslexia and language impairment (LI) are complex traits with substantial genetic components. We recently completed an association scan of the DYX2 locus, where we observed associations of markers in DCDC2, KIAA0319, ACOT13, and FAM65B with reading-, language-, and IQ-related traits. Additionally, the effects of reading-associated DYX3 markers were recently characterized using structural neuroimaging techniques. Here, we assessed the neuroimaging implications of associated DYX2 and DYX3 markers, using cortical volume, cortical thickness, and fractional anisotropy. To accomplish this, we examin
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Paul A. Jewsbury, Stephen C. Bowden · 2016 · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment
Fluency is an important construct in clinical assessment and in cognitive taxonomies. In the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) model, Fluency is represented by several narrow factors that form a subset of the long-term memory encoding and…
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Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler, Tatiana Cury Pollo et al. · 2016 · Scientific Studies of Reading
Learning the orthographic forms of words is important for both spelling and reading. To determine whether some methods of scoring children's early spellings predict later spelling performance better than do other methods, we analyzed data…
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Jonathan Jarrett, Tyler R. Bonnell, Christopher Young et al. · 2018 · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
, 12084 (doi:10.1038/ncomms12084)) has demonstrated that network structure can be maintained by a simple process of social inheritance. Here, we ask how juvenile vervet monkeys integrate into their adult grooming networks, using the model…
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Chun-Yu Kuo, Yang-Ming Huang, Yei‐Yu Yeh · 2018 · Frontiers in Psychology
Cognitive training and social engagement are two of the routes that potentially improve cognitive functions in older adults. The former targets specific functions so that an intervention can trigger the plasticity and efficiency of the underpinning neural systems, and the latter also provides an environment supportive of social and emotional needs. We investigated whether an integration of the two routes could enhance cognitive functions related to executive control, because no prior research has adopted a theory-driven approach to design a group-based cognitive training program for executive
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Natalie L. Wilver, Jesse R. Cougle · 2018 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
OBJECTIVE: The current study extended upon previous research efforts by evaluating the utility and feasibility of an 8-session Internet-based interpretation bias modification (IBM) training protocol targeting evaluation- and…
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Paweł A. Atroszko, Bartosz Atroszko, Edyta Charzyńska · 2021 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Relatively strong theoretical assumptions and previous studies concerning co-occurring addictive behaviors suggest a subpopulation representing general proclivity to behavioral addictions (BAs), and there are gender-specific subpopulations. This study aimed to compare latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent class analysis (LCA) as the methods of investigating different clusters of BAs in the general student population and among students positively screened for at least one BA. Participants and procedure: Analyses of six BAs (study, shopping, gaming, Facebook, pornography, and food
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Matt Field, Lisa Di Lemma, Paul Christiansen et al. · 2016 · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Alcohol dependence is characterized by conflict between approach and avoidance motivational orientations for alcohol that operate in automatic and controlled processes. This article describes the first study to investigate the predictive validity of these motivational orientations for relapse to drinking after discharge from alcohol detoxification treatment in alcohol-dependent patients. One hundred twenty alcohol-dependent patients who were nearing the end of inpatient detoxification treatment completed measures of self-reported (Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol Questionnaire; AAAQ) and auto
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Frenette Southwood · 2012 · Journal of Child Language
The aims of the study were to establish whether there is a correlation between the socioeconomic background of Afrikaans-speaking children and their performance on a dialect-neutral language test, and to ascertain whether the allowance the…
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Bartosz Sobczyk, Paweł Dobrowolski, Maciek Skorko et al. · 2015 · Frontiers in Psychology
The impact of video game playing on cognitive abilities has been the focus of numerous studies over the last 10 years. Some cross-sectional comparisons indicate the cognitive advantages of video game players (VGPs) over non-players (NVGPs) and the benefits of video game trainings, while others fail to replicate these findings. Though there is an ongoing discussion over methodological practices and their impact on observable effects, some elementary issues, such as the representativeness of recruited VGP groups and lack of genre differentiation have not yet been widely addressed. In this articl
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Kathryn J. Lester, Susanna Roberts, Robert Keers et al. · 2015 · The British Journal of Psychiatry
BACKGROUND: We previously reported an association between 5HTTLPR genotype and outcome following cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in child anxiety (Cohort 1). Children homozygous for the low-expression short-allele showed more positive…
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Hilmar Zech, Philip A. Gable, W. van Dijk et al. · 2022 · Behavior Research Methods
The approach-avoidance task (AAT) is an implicit task that measures people's behavioral tendencies to approach or avoid stimuli in the environment. In recent years, it has been used successfully to help explain a variety of health problems (e.g., addictions and phobias). Unfortunately, more recent AAT studies have failed to replicate earlier promising findings. One explanation for these replication failures could be that the AAT does not reliably measure approach-avoidance tendencies. Here, we first review existing literature on the reliability of various versions of the AAT. Next, we examine
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Leon Y. Xiao, Tullia C. Fraser, Philip Newall · 2022 · Journal of Gambling Studies
Loot boxes are quasi-gambling virtual products in video games that provide randomised rewards of varying value. Previous studies in Western contexts have identified a positive correlation between loot box purchasing and problem gambling severity. A preregistered survey of People's Republic of China (PRC) video game players (N = 879) failed to replicate this correlation. We observed statistically significant but weak positive correlations between loot box expenditure and past-year gambling participation, and between loot box expenditure and impulsiveness. This study cannot prove that loot boxes
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Michael R. McCart, Jason E. Chapman, Kristyn Zajac et al. · 2020 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
OBJECTIVE: The first randomized controlled trial of psychological first aid (PFA) was conducted, using crime victims as participants. For study Aim 1, investigators tested whether paraprofessional victim advocates could be trained to…
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John F. Magnotti, Michael S. Beauchamp · 2018 · PLoS ONE
A common measure of multisensory integration is the McGurk effect, an illusion in which incongruent auditory and visual speech are integrated to produce an entirely different percept. Published studies report that participants who differ in age, gender, culture, native language, or traits related to neurological or psychiatric disorders also differ in their susceptibility to the McGurk effect. These group-level differences are used as evidence for fundamental alterations in sensory processing between populations. Using empirical data and statistical simulations tested under a range of conditio
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Basil Wahn, Artur Czeszumski, Peter König · 2018 · PLoS ONE
When humans perform tasks together, they may reach a higher performance in comparison to the best member of a group (i.e., a collective benefit). Earlier research showed that interindividual performance similarities predict collective benefits for several joint tasks. Yet, researchers did not test whether this is the case for joint visuospatial tasks. Also, researchers did not investigate whether dyads and triads reach a collective benefit when they are forbidden to exchange any information while performing a visuospatial task. In this study, participants performed a joint visual search task e
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Nori Jacoby, Merav Ahissar · 2015 · Journal of Vision
In the 1980s to 1990s, studies of perceptual learning focused on the specificity of training to basic visual attributes such as retinal position and orientation. These studies were considered scientifically innovative since they suggested…
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Aljoscha Rimpler, Henk A. L. Kiers, Don van Ravenzwaaij · 2025 · Behavior Research Methods
Interaction effects are very common in the psychological literature. However, interaction effects are typically very small and often fail to replicate. In this study, we conducted a simulation comparing the generalizability and estimability of two linear regression models: one correctly specified to account for interaction effects and one misspecified including simple effects only. We manipulated noise levels, predictor variable correlations, and different sets of regression weights, resulting in 9216 different conditions. From each dataset, we drew 1000 samples of N = 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, a
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Robert Young, Daniel Vincent Riordan, Cameron Stark · 2011 · BMC Public Health
BACKGROUND: Past studies using large population based datasets link certain perinatal circumstances (birth weight, parity, etc) with mental health outcomes such as suicide, self-harm and psychiatric problems. Problematically, population datasets omit a number of social confounds. The aim of this study is to replicate past research linking perinatal circumstances and mental health (suicidality and use of psychiatric services) and to determine if such associations remain after adjusting for social circumstances. METHODS: A longitudinal school-based survey of 2157 young people (surveyed at age 11
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Nivedita Mani, Melanie S. Schreiner, Julia Brase et al. · 2021 · Developmental Science
Developmental research, like many fields, is plagued by low sample sizes and inconclusive findings. The problem is amplified by the difficulties associated with recruiting infant participants for research as well as the increased variability in infant responses. With sequential testing designs providing a viable alternative to paradigms facing such issues, the current study implemented a Sequential Bayes Factor (SBF) design on three findings in the developmental literature. In particular, using the framework described by Schönbrödt and colleagues (2017), we examined infants' sensitivity to mis
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Shree Krishna Subburaj, Angela Stewart, Arjun Rao et al. · 2020
Modeling team phenomena from multiparty interactions inherently requires combining signals from multiple teammates, often by weighting strategies. Here, we explored the hypothesis that strategic weighting signals from individual teammates…
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Bram Van Bockstaele, Elske Salemink, Susan M. Bögels et al. · 2015 · Cognition & Emotion
Although attentional bias modification (ABM) can change anxiety, recent studies failed to replicate such effects, possibly because the visual probe ABM failed to induce changes in attentional bias (AB). We investigated whether visual probe…
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Meiling Liu, Pär Anders Granhag, Sara Landström et al. · 2010 · The Open Criminology Journal
In this paper we focused on children's deception (10-12 years, Experiment 1), and adult's ability detect deception in children (Experiment 2). The self-presentational perspective By asking unanticipated questions we put the liars in the…
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Nicole Harlaar, Emma L. Meaburn, Marianna E. Hayiou‐Thomas et al. · 2014 · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research
PURPOSE: Researchers have previously shown that individual differences in measures of receptive language ability at age 12 are highly heritable. In the current study, the authors attempted to identify some of the genes responsible for the…
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Marlou Poppelaars, Anna Lichtwarck‐Aschoff, Roy Otten et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychology
Depressive symptoms and disorders are major public health concerns, affecting many adolescents and young adults. Despite extensive research, depression prevention programs for youth show limited effectiveness. Moreover, the maximal potential of youth psychotherapy — on which depression prevention programs are based — may have been reached. Commercial video games may offer an engaging alternative vehicle for youth to practice emotional and social skills vital to mental health. The current study investigated the potential for the commercial video game Journey to prevent the exacerbation of depre
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Lisanne S. Pauw, Hayley Medland, Sarah J. Paling et al. · 2022 · Affective Science
Abstract While emotion regulation often happens in the presence of others, little is known about how social context shapes regulatory efforts and outcomes. One key element of the social context is social support. In two experience sampling studies ( N s = 179 and 123), we examined how the use and affective consequences of two fundamentally social emotion-regulation strategies—social sharing and expressive suppression—vary as a function of perceived social support. Across both studies, we found evidence that social support was associated with variation in people’s use of these strategies, such
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John G. McCabe, Daniel A. Krauss · 2011 · Behavioral Sciences & the Law
An intervention designed to correct affective and cognitive biases was tested in the context of a civil commitment hearing of a sexually violent predator. Potential differences between a college student mock jury sample and a more…
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Eike Kofi Buabang, Yannick Boddez, Oliver T. Wolf et al. · 2022 · Behavioral Neuroscience
People are more likely to engage in various suboptimal behaviors such as overeating, addictive behaviors, and short-sighted financial decision-making when they are under stress. Traditional dual-process models propose that stress can…
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Sarah Kunkle, Manny Yip, Justin Hunt et al. · 2020 · JMIR Formative Research
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is an extremely prevalent condition, and yet, it has received notably less attention than depression and other mental health conditions from a research, clinical, and public health perspective. The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated growing concerns about the burden of anxiety due to the confluence of physical health risks, economic stressors, social isolation, and general disruption of daily activities. OBJECTIVE: This study examines differences in anxiety outcomes by care modality (coaching, teletherapy and telepsychiatry, and combined care) within an on-demand mental
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