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Browse the failure-mode index

12,231 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multicenter Trial: Comparison of pre-injury antithrombotic use and reversal strategies among severe traumatic brain injury patients

Brian K. Yorkgitis, Danielle Tatum, Sharven Taghavi et al. · 2021 · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care

BACKGROUND Trauma teams are often faced with patients on antithrombotic (AT) drugs, which is challenging when bleeding occurs. We sought to compare the effects of different AT medications on head injury severity and hypothesized that AT…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium or Valproate

Lei Sun, Sergey Yagoda, Baiyun Yao et al. · 2019 · Clinical Drug Investigation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and, either as monotherapy or as an adjunct to lithium or valproate, for bipolar I disorder. Multiple daily doses of olanzapine…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Age of red blood cells and outcome in acute kidney injury

Kirsi‐Maija Kaukonen, Suvi T. Vaara, Ville Pettilä et al. · 2013 · Critical Care

INTRODUCTION: Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) and, in particular, older RBCs has been associated with increased short-term mortality in critically ill patients. We evaluated the association between age of transfused RBCs and acute kidney injury (AKI), hospital, and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational, predefined sub-study within the FINNish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study. This study included all elective ICU admissions with expected ICU stay of more than 24 hours and all emergency admissions from September to November 2011.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Enhanced cardiac repair by telomerase reverse transcriptase over-expression in human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells

Thi Yen Loan Le, Hilda A. Pickett, Andrian Yang et al. · 2019 · Scientific Reports

We have previously reported a subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα)/CD90 co-expressing cardiac interstitial and adventitial cell fraction. Here we further characterise PDGFRα/CD90-expressing cardiac MSCs (PDGFRα + cMSCs) and use human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) over-expression to increase cMSCs ability to repair the heart after induced myocardial infarction. hTERT over-expression in PDGFRα + cardiac MSCs (hTERT + PDGFRα + cMSCs) modulates cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and angiogenesis re

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vaccinated and Convalescent Donor–Derived Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Specific T Cells as Adoptive Immunotherapy for High-Risk Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Penelope‐Georgia Papayanni, D. Chasiotis, Kiriakos Koukoulias et al. · 2021 · Clinical Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses an urgent need for the development of effective therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We first tested SARS-CoV-2-specific…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Use of Antivirals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Critical Review of the Role of Remdesivir

Santiago Moreno, Bernardino Alcázar-Navarrete, Carlos Dueñas et al. · 2022 · Drug Design Development and Therapy

The aim of this report is to review the literature and shed light on the uncertainties surrounding the use of antiviral agents in general and remdesivir in COVID-19 patients. This review evaluated a battery of antiviral compounds and their…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Reexamining the “brain drain” effect: A replication of Ward et al. (2017)

Ana C. Ruiz Pardo, John Paul Minda · 2022 · Acta Psychologica

The present study was a pre-registered direct replication of Ward et al.'s (2017) second experiment (OSF pre-registration found at: https://osf.io/5fq4r). This replication assigned both smartphone location (on desk, in pocket/bag, or outside of the testing room) and smartphone power (on, or off) for a total of six conditions. Participants completed an automated operation span (OSpan) task, a Cue-Dependent Go/No-Go task, and the smartphone attachment and dependency inventory. It was hypothesized that performance on an attention-demanding task (i.e., the OSpan task) would be worse for those in c

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effects of early corticosteroid use in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019

Jong Hoon Hyun, Moo Hyun Kim, Yujin Sohn et al. · 2021 · BMC Infectious Diseases

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and corticosteroids have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for this disease. However, there is limited literature on the appropriate timing of corticosteroid administration to obtain the best possible patient outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with severe COVID-19 who received corticosteroid treatment from March 2 to June 30, 2020 in seven tertiary hospitals in South Korea. We analyzed the patient demographics, characteristics, and

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Radioactive Iodine Therapy Did Not Significantly Increase the Incidence and Recurrence of Subsequent Breast Cancer

Hwa Young Ahn, Hye Sook Min, Yohwan Yeo et al. · 2015 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

CONTEXT: Previous studies on the extent to which radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer increases the risk of subsequently developing breast cancer have given conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A randomized phase 2 study of temsirolimus and cetuximab versus temsirolimus alone in recurrent/metastatic, cetuximab‐resistant head and neck cancer: The MAESTRO study

Tanguy Y. Seiwert, Sara Kochanny, Kevin Wood et al. · 2020 · Cancer

BACKGROUND: Patients with cetuximab-resistant, recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have poor outcomes. This study hypothesized that dual blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin and epidermal growth factor…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

New treatment options for lupus – a focus on belimumab

Laurent Chiche · 2012 · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management

Belimumab is the first biologic approved for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Belimumab is the first of a new class of drug targeting B cell-stimulating factors or their receptors to reach the market. Its target, BLyS,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Mortality in HIV and tuberculosis patients following implementation of integrated HIV-TB treatment: Results from an open-label cluster-randomized trial

Kogieleum Naidoo, Santhanalakshmi Gengiah, Nonhlanhla Yende‐Zuma et al. · 2022 · EClinicalMedicine

Background HIV-TB treatment integration reduces mortality. Operational implementation of integrated services is challenging. This study assessed the impact of quality improvement (QI) for HIV-TB integration on mortality within primary…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Improving PCASL at ultra‐high field using a VERSE‐guided parallel transmission strategy

Yan Tong, Peter Jezzard, Thomas W. Okell et al. · 2020 · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

PURPOSE: To improve the labeling efficiency of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) at 7T using parallel transmission (pTx). METHODS: maps were acquired in the labeling plane for tagging pulse design. Complex weights of the labeling pulses for each of the 8 transmit channels were calculated to produce a homogenous radiofrequency (RF) -shimmed labeling across the ROIs. Variable-Rate Selective Excitation (VERSE) pulses were also implemented as a part of the labeling pulse train. Whole-brain perfusion-weighted images were acquired under conditions of RF shimming, VERSE with RF shimmin

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Error of Estimated GFR in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sergio Luis‐Lima, Tomás H. Higuera Linares, Laura Henríquez-Gómez et al. · 2019 · Journal of Clinical Medicine

Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents 30-50% of the cases of end stage renal disease worldwide. Thus, a correct evaluation of renal function in patients with diabetes is crucial to prevent or ameliorate diabetes-associated kidney disease. The reliability of formulas to estimate renal function is still unclear, in particular, those new equations based on cystatin-C or the combination of creatinine and cystatin-C. We aimed to assess the error of the available formulas to estimate glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients. We evaluated the error of creatinine and/or cystatin-C based formulas

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Functional co-activation of the default mode network in APOE ε4-carriers: A replication study

Lara J. Mentink, Joao Guimaraes, Myrthe Faber et al. · 2021 · NeuroImage

Structural and functional alterations of the brain in persons genetically at-risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are crucial in unravelling AD development. Filippini et al. found that the default mode network (DMN) is already affected in young APOE ε4-carriers, with increased co-activation of the DMN during rest and increased hippocampal task activation. We aimed to replicate the early findings of Filippini et al, using the APOE gene, still the principal AD risk gene, and extended this with a polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis for AD, using the Human Connectome Project dataset (HCP). We include

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Are three weeks hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) comparable to six weeks for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients? Results of a phase II study

Pierina Navarria, Federico Pessina, Stefano Tomatis et al. · 2017 · Oncotarget

// Pierina Navarria 1, * , Federico Pessina 2, * , Stefano Tomatis 1 , Riccardo Soffietti 3 , Marco Grimaldi 4 , Egesta Lopci 5 , Arturo Chiti 5, 7 , Antonella Leonetti 9 , Alessandra Casarotti 2 , Marco Rossi 2 , Luca Cozzi 1 , Anna Maria Ascolese 1 , Matteo Simonelli 6, 7 , Simona Marcheselli 8 , Armando Santoro 6, 7 , Elena Clerici 1 , Lorenzo Bello 2 and Marta Scorsetti 1, 7 1 Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Cancer Center and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy 2 Neurosurgical Oncology Department, Humanitas Cancer Center and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy 3 Consultant

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Potential Influence of Anesthetic Interventions on Breast Cancer Early Recurrence According to Estrogen Receptor Expression: A Sub-Study of a Randomized Trial

Mohan Li, Yuelun Zhang, Lijian Pei et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Oncology

Background Effects of anesthetic interventions on cancer prognosis remain controversial. There is evidence that estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients have an early recurrence peak. We aimed to assess the potential benefit of regional anesthesia-analgesia versus general anesthesia regarding early recurrence in breast cancer according to ER expression. Methods Based on a multicenter randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00418457), we included all the patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital research center in this study. The primary outcome was breast ca

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Intensive Care Unit Educators: A Multicenter Evaluation of Behaviors Residents Value in Attending Physicians

Lekshmi Santhosh, Snigdha Jain, Anna K. Brady et al. · 2017 · Annals of the American Thoracic Society

RATIONALE: It is important for attending physicians to know which behaviors influence learner perceptions. To date, two studies focusing on general medicine attending physicians have been published addressing internal medicine residents'…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Significant Differences in the Bacterial Microbiome of the Pharynx and Skin in Patients with Psoriasis Compared with Healthy Controls

Malin Assarsson, Jan Söderman, Olaf Dienus et al. · 2020 · Acta Dermato Venereologica

Studies have shown differences in the skin and gut bacterial microbiomes in patients with psoriasis, but the pharyngeal microbiome has not been studied previously. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the bacterial…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) in prostate cancer and strategies to enhance development: hope for a BiTE-r future

Harriet Lampe, Laura Tam, Aaron R. Hansen · 2024 · Frontiers in Pharmacology

Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) continues to have poor survival rates due to limited treatment options. Bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are a promising class of novel immunotherapies with demonstrated success in haematological malignancies and melanoma. BiTEs developed for tumour associated antigens in prostate cancer have entered clinical testing. These trials have been hampered by high rates of treatment related adverse events, minimal or transient anti-tumour efficacy and generation of high titres of anti-drug antibodies. This paper aims to analyse the challenges f

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Nutritional and Microbial Strategies for Treating Acne, Alopecia, and Atopic Dermatitis

Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz, Juan J. Borrego · 2024 · Nutrients

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet is one of the major determinants of the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and diverse studies have established directional connections between gut microbiome dysbiosis and skin dyshomeostasis. Furthermore, a significant link between the gut and certain skin-related disorders has been reported. This work reviews the mechanisms underlying the relationship between nutritional factors, gut microbiome, and certain skin diseases such as acne vulgaris, alopecia, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, it explores how the modulation of the gut microbiome and human

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Primary Sjögren’s Disease: a review of unmet need, outcome measures, therapeutic advances and health economic impacts. Lessons from the NEw Clinical Endpoints in primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: an Interventional Trial based on stratifYing patients (NECESSITY) Innovative Health Initiative (IHI)

Simon Bowman, Raphaèle Séror, Raphaël Porcher et al. · 2025 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Primary Sjögren's disease (pSjD) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease involving exocrine glands and associated with high symptom burden (dryness, fatigue, pain), systemic features and salivary gland dysfunction. B-cell hyperactivity is common, with an increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review describes the unmet need, scientific validity of outcome measures, optimisation of clinical trial design, therapeutic advances and how clinical improvement relates to health-related quality of life, additional quality-adjusted life years and economic benefit in pSjD. It deriv

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Obeticholic Acid and Other Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) Agonists in the Treatment of Liver Disorders

Stefano Fiorucci, Ginevra Urbani, Eleonora Distrutti et al. · 2025 · Pharmaceuticals

The Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) is a bile sensor involved in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis, fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a semisynthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), initially named 6-ethyl-CDCA or INT-747, is the first in a class of FXR ligands that have been approved for clinical use for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who are unresponsive or intolerant to ursodeoxycholic acid. In this narrative review, we will examine the current status and future perspective of clinical use of OCA. Based on results

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Prognostic and predictive role of EGFR pathway alterations in biliary cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and anti-EGFR

Caterina Peraldo‐Neia, Giuliana Cavalloni, Elisabetta Fenocchio et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE

The association of anti-EGFR to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) chemotherapy did not improve survival in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) patients. Multiple mechanisms might be involved in the resistance to anti-EGFR. Here, we explored the mutation profile of EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), of tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), and its amplification status. EGFR mutational status of exons 12, 18-21 was analyzed in 57 tumors by Sanger sequencing. EGFR amplification was evaluated in 37 tumors by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated using the log-rank test. S

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Ömer Aydın, Enis Karaarslan, Fatih Safa Erenay et al. · 2026 · Turkish Journal of Engineering

DeepSeek v3, developed in China, was released in December 2024, followed by Alibaba’s Qwen 2.5 Max in January 2025 and Qwen3 235B in April 2025. These free and open-source models offer significant potential for academic writing and content…

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Chest computed tomography outcomes in a randomized clinical trial in cystic fibrosis: Lessons learned from the first ataluren phase 3 study

Harm A.W.M. Tiddens, Eleni‐Rosalina Andrinopoulou, Joe McIntosh et al. · 2020 · PLoS ONE

A phase 3 randomized double blind controlled, trial in 238 people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and at least one nonsense mutation (nmCF) investigated the effect of ataluren on FEV1. The study was of 48 weeks duration and failed to meet its primary endpoint. Unexpectedly, while FEV1 declined, chest computed tomography (CT) scores using the Brody-II score as secondary outcome measures did not show progression in the placebo group. Based on this observation it was concluded that the role of CT scans in CF randomized clinical trials was limited. However, more sensitive scoring systems were developed

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