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Browse the failure-mode index

12,263 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: facts and figures from a tertiary care center

Nissar Shaikh, Huda Al Mahdi, Anant Pai et al. · 2022 · Annals of Medicine

Introduction COVID-19 patients presenting with ocular manifestations are from 0.8% to 32% of patients seen in the ED. The available literature is scarce regarding COVID-19 patients presenting with ocular manifestations from the Middle Eastern region. Purpose This study aims to report the incidence of ocular signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients and find any correlation between the occurrence of ocular manifestations and patients’ comorbidities. Methods All patients having the primary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and concurrent ocular manifestations on admission to our tertiary COVID-19 he

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Discordance in gender role attitudes between spouses and its relationship with the risk biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: a couple-level analysis

Kiho Sung, Junsol Kim, Yeong-Ran Park et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent among older adults, but studies often focus on individual spouses rather than couple dynamics. This study examines how interplay between spouses—specifically discordance in gender role attitudes—relates to CVD risk biomarkers, using couple-matched data from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) on 308 older married couples (616 individuals). Actor-partner interdependence models (APIM) reveal that discordant gender role attitudes are significantly associated with higher CVD risk markers—higher systolic blood pressure, higher

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Polymorphisms of estrogen metabolism-related genes ESR1 , UGT2B17 , and UGT1A1 are not associated with osteoporosis in artificial menopausal Japanese women

Megumi Yokota, Akira Hirasawa, Kazuya Makita et al. · 2015 · Menopause Review

Introduction : Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Previous studies have reported an association between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of developing osteoporosis. However, the relationship between osteoporosis and genetic polymorphisms in Japanese women treated with BSO is not well understood. To improve the quality of life for post-BSO patients, it is important to determine the genetic factors that influence their risk for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between gene variations of estrogen metabolism-related gene

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Role of Serum Beta-Trace Protein in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sepsis Patients in the Emergency Department

Mehmet Yortanlı, Ramazan Köylü, Öznur Köylü et al. · 2025 · Eurasian Journal of Emergency Medicine

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum beta-trace protein (BTP) levels in patients diagnosed with sepsis in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-center, observational clinical study was conducted in the emergency department and intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. A total of 104 sepsis patients and 48 healthy adult volunteers who presented to the emergency department between April 2015 and October 2015 were included. Blood samples were collected on days 1 and 3, and BTP levels were measured using the ELI

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Influence of Ergonomic Breastfeeding on Risk of Developing Musculoskeletal Disorders on Lactating Mothers and Quality of Infant’s Latch: A Quasi-experimental Study

Aditi Prayag, Salima Bijapuri, Shweta Bhatbolan et al. · 2025 · Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research

Introduction: Breastmilk is recognised as the best infant nutrition, but Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) rates remain as low as 63.7% in India and 48% worldwide. One barrier is the development of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in postpartum mothers due to a lack of education on proper breastfeeding posture. These factors can impact the quality of the infant’s latch, resulting in early cessation of breastfeeding. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of ergonomic breastfeeding on the risk of developing MSD in lactating mothers and infant latch quality. Materials and Methods: The present qu

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The association between physical activity and atrial fibrillation applying the Heaviside function in survival analysis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Yaser Mokhayeri, Seyed Saeed Hashemi-Nazari, Mohammad Ali Mansournia et al. · 2017 · Epidemiology and Health

OBJECTIVES Although the effect of physical activity (PA) on the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been studied, contradictory results have been reported. Such discrepancies may reflect the different effects of various types of PA upon AF, as well as gender interactions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the associations of PA types (total, moderate/vigorous, and intentional), as well as walking pace, with AF risk in men and women. METHODS Using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Typical Week Physical Activity Survey, 3 PA measures and walking pace were calculated among 6,487 men a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A U-shaped association between blood selenium levels and prostate cancer: findings of a case-control study among Nigerian men

Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu, Nwakasi Nnamah, Jude A. Onuegbu et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Abstract The ability of selenium to both prevent and induce cancer at varying biological concentrations has been reported in previous studies. We studied the associations between selenium exposure and prostate diseases such as prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and estimated the optimal range of selenium concentrations that may be needed to prevent these diseases among Nigerian men. Blood and urine samples from men with histologically diagnosed PCa (n = 90), BPH (n = 97), and controls (n = 98) were analyzed for trace elements, including selenium. The associations bet

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

From Conspiracy to Hesitancy: The Longitudinal Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Perceived Vaccine Effectiveness

Camila Salazar-Fernández, María José Baeza-Rivera, Diego Manríquez-Robles et al. · 2023 · Vaccines

The embrace of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine conspiracies has been linked to vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and perceived vaccine effectiveness. The study utilized a longitudinal follow-up study in which adults in Chile completed surveys in December 2020 (T1) and May 2021 (T2). The psychometric properties of the five-item instrument on conspiracy theories for the COVID-19 vaccine were evaluated using data from T1 ( n = 578). A confirmatory one-factor structure with suitable indicators of reliability

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Plant-based dietary patterns defined by a priori indices and colorectal cancer risk by sex and race/ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Jihye Kim, Carol J. Boushey, Lynne R. Wilkens et al. · 2022 · BMC Medicine

Abstract Background Plant-based diets assessed by a priori indices are associated with health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between pre-defined indices of plant-based diets and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated whether the association varies by sex, race and ethnicity, and anatomic subsite of tumors. Methods A total of 79,952 men and 93,475 women who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study were included. Primary outcome was incidence of invasive CRC. Cox models were used to estimate the risk of CRC across quintiles of three plant-based diet scores: overall

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effect of smoking status on clinical outcomes after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke

Fumi Irie, Ryu Matsuo, Satomi Mezuki et al. · 2024 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Smoking has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system; however, some studies have reported better clinical outcomes after thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in smokers than in nonsmokers, a phenomenon known as the smoking paradox. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the smoking paradox in patients with ischemic stroke receiving reperfusion therapy. Data were collected from a multicenter hospital-based acute stroke registry in Fukuoka, Japan. The 1148 study patients were categorized into current and noncurrent smokers. The association between smoking and clinical outcomes, incl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lack of association between interleukin 13, interleukin 4 receptor alpha, andMS4A2 gene polymorphisms and asthma in adult Saudis

Eman A Al Abdulsalam, Mohamed S Al-Hajjaj, Mohammad S Alanazi et al. · 2020 · Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine

Objectives: Several genes, including interleukin-13 (IL13), MS4A2, and IL 4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα), have been shown to associate with the inflammatory process in asthma. We investigated the possible association between asthma and five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL13, IL4Rα, and MS4A2 gene in comparison with the level of the IL-13 protein in the Saudi asthmatics and controls. Subjects and Methods: The study group included 50 adult asthmatic patients and 50 normal healthy controls. Blood was extracted, and DNA was prepared. Genotyping was performed on DNA using direct sequenci

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Changing the antibiotic prescribing of Australian general practice registrars’ for acute respiratory tract infections: a non-randomized controlled trial

Alexandria Turner, Mieke L van Driel, Ben Mitchell et al. · 2025 · Family Practice

Abstract Background Inappropriate antibiotic prescription for self-limiting respiratory tract infections (RTIs) by general practitioner (GP) registrars (trainees) is less common than by established GPs but still exceeds evidence-based…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment and adverse birth outcomes

Lauren S. Keenan-Devlin, Ann E. B. Borders, Alexa Freedman et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Exposure to traumatic events during pregnancy may influence pregnancy and birth outcomes. Growing evidence suggests that exposure to traumatic events well before pregnancy, such as childhood maltreatment (CM), also may influence the course of pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes. We aimed to estimate associations between maternal CM exposure and small-for-gestational-age birth (SGA) and preterm birth (PTB) in a diverse US sample, and to examine whether common CM-associated health and behavioral sequelae either moderate or mediate these associations. The Measurement of Maternal

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Quality of life and severity of symptoms among patients with various degrees of reflux esophagitis: a prospective study

Amir Mari, Wasef Na’amnih, Loay Ghantous et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause erosive esophagitis (EE) and compromise the quality of life (QoL). We examined differences in symptom severity and QoL according to EE severity grade. A follow-up study was conducted among GERD patients at the Nazareth Hospital in Israel. Patients underwent a baseline gastroscopy in 2014–2020 during which the EE grade was determined using the Los Angeles classification. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted during 2019–2020 with a mean time interval of 18.9 months (SD = 14.9) after the baseline gastroscopy to assess GERD sympto

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Food insecurity and early childhood development among children 24-59 months in Nigeria: A multilevel mixed effects modelling of the social determinants of health inequities.

Otobo I Ujah, Omojo C Adaji, Innocent A O Ujah et al. · 2025 · PLoS ONE

Food insecurity (FI) has been identified as a determinant of child development, yet evidence quantifying this association using the newly developed Early Childhood Development Index 2030 (ECDI2030) remains limited. Herein, we provide national estimates of early childhood development (ECD) risks using the ECDI2030 and examined to what extent FI was associated with ECD among children aged 24-59 months in Nigeria. This population based cross-sectional analyses used data from the UNICEF-supported 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Nigeria. The analytic sample comprised children aged 24-59 m

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

MMP-2 and MMP-9 as prognostic factors in ischaemic stroke

Justyna Zielińska-Turek, Grzegorz Turek, Dominika Jakubowicz-Lachowska et al. · 2016 · Aktualności Neurologiczne

Objectives: No widely available, adequately sensitive diagnostic test to establish prognosis in stroke patients has been developed thus far. The aim of this study was to analyse changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 as potential prognostic factors in patients with ischaemic stroke. Methods: The study included 56 patients presenting with the signs of ischaemic stroke for less than 24 hours, and 60 healthy controls without a history of neurological and/or inflammatory disorders. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined immunoenzymatically at admission (i.e. within 24 hours

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Performance of Multiple Risk Assessment Tools to Predict Mortality for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy: An External Validation Study Based on Chinese Single-center Data

Lei Huang, Tong Li, Lei Xu et al. · 2016 · Chinese Medical Journal

Background: There has been no external validation of survival prediction models for severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in China. The aim of study was to compare the performance of multiple models recently developed for patients with ARDS undergoing ECMO based on Chinese single-center data. Methods: A retrospective case study was performed, including twenty-three severe ARDS patients who received ECMO from January 2009 to July 2015. The PRESERVE (Predicting death for severe ARDS on VV-ECMO), ECMOnet, Respiratory Extracorpore

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Abandoned HypothesisOpen accessMedicine

Will patients benefit from regionalization of gynecologic cancer care?

Kathleen F Brookfield, Michael C Cheung, Relin Yang et al. · 2009 · PLoS ONE

OBJECTIVE: Patient chances for cure and palliation for a variety of malignancies may be greatly affected by the care provided by a treating hospital. We sought to determine the effect of volume and teaching status on patient outcomes for five gynecologic malignancies: endometrial, cervical, ovarian and vulvar carcinoma and uterine sarcoma. METHODS: The Florida Cancer Data System dataset was queried for all patients undergoing treatment for gynecologic cancers from 1990-2000. RESULTS: Overall, 48,981 patients with gynecologic malignancies were identified. Endometrial tumors were the most common

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Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

Vitamin D supplementation on prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

Md Habibul Ghani, Md. Shahed Morshed, Tahniyah Haq et al. · 2023 · Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal

Hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/mL) is thought to increase insulin resistance and meta-inflammation contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Correcting vitamin D deficiency in people with prediabetes might halt its progression to DM. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance, glycemic status, and inflammation in prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency. This doubleblind randomized placebo-controlled trial was done among 27 newly detected prediabetic adults with hypovitaminosis D randomly assigned to 60,000 IU of vitamin

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effectiveness of telemonitoring integrated into existing clinical services on hospital admission for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: researcher blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

H. Pinnock, J. Hanley, L. McCloughan et al. · 2013 · British medical journal

Objective To test the effectiveness of telemonitoring integrated into existing clinical services such that intervention and control groups have access to the same clinical care. Design Researcher blind, multicentre, randomised controlled…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Statement on chronotherapy for the treatment of hypertension: consensus document from the Korean society of hypertension

Sungha Park, Sang-Hyun Ihm, In-Jeong Cho et al. · 2023 · Clinical Hypertension

Abstract Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) has been shown to have a significant predictive value for cardiovascular disease. In some cases, it has a superior predictive value for future cardiovascular outcomes than daytime BP. As efficacy of BP medications wanes during nighttime and early morning, control of nocturnal hypertension and morning hypertension can be difficult. As such, chronotherapy, the dosing of BP medication in the evening, has been an ongoing topic of interest in the field of hypertension. Some studies have shown that chronotherapy is effective in reducing nocturnal BP, improving

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease

Vera Dias, Eunsung Junn, M. Maral Mouradian · 2013 · Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential in neurons interfere with several biological processes, ultimately leading to cell death. Evidence has been developed for oxidative and nitrative damage to key cellular components in the PD substantia nigra. A number of sources and mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized including the metabolism of dopamine itself, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron, neuroinflammatory cells, calcium

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Short-term interval aerobic exercise training does not improve memory functioning in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis—a randomized controlled trial

Lisa Baquet, Helge Hasselmann, Stefan Patra et al. · 2018 · PeerJ

Background Only few aerobic exercise intervention trials specifically targeting cognitive functioning have been performed in multiple sclerosis. Objective and Methods This randomized controlled trial with 34 patients in the intervention group (IG) (mean: 38.2 years (±9.6)) and 34 patients in the control group (CG) (mean: 39.6 years (±9.7)) aimed to determine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The primary outcome was verbal learning assessed by the verbal learning and memory test (VLMT). Patients were randomized to an IG or a waitlist

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Methods Dead-EndOpen accessMedicine

Immunodominance of HIV-1 specific CD8+ T-cell responses is related to disease progression rate in vertically infected adolescents.

Elizabeth R Sharp, Christian B Willberg, Peter J Kuebler et al. · 2011 · PLoS ONE

HIV-1 vertically infected children in the USA are living into adolescence and beyond with the widespread use of antiretroviral drugs. These patients exhibit striking differences in the rate of HIV-1 disease progression which could provide insights into mechanisms of control. We hypothesized that differences in the pattern of immunodomination including breadth, magnitude and polyfunctionality of HIV-1 specific CD8+ T cell response could partially explain differences in progression rate.In this study, we mapped, quantified, and assessed the functionality of these responses against individual HIV

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Migraine Features and Nociceptive Profile Do Not Influence Conditioned Pain Modulation in Women With Episodic and Chronic Migraine.

de-la-Llave-Rinc&#xf3;n, Ambite-Quesada, Pacho-Hern&#xe1;ndez et al. · 2026 · Pain research & management

To determine the influence of sensitization-associated and neuropathic-like symptoms and clinical features in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) activity in women with episodic or chronic migraine. A cross-sectional study including 70 women…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Do the printing orientation angle and layer thickness influence the radiopacity of 3D-printed dental resins?

Yersel, Ucan, Tekce · 2026 · Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of layer thickness, printing orientation angle, and resin type on the radiopacity of 3D-printed dental resins. Three dental 3D-printed resins (VarseoSmile TriniQ, Crowntec, and Primeprint…

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