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Browse the failure-mode index

135 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Engineering. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Learning-based Axial Video Motion Magnification

Kwon Byung-Ki, Oh Hyun-Bin, Kim Jun-Seong et al. · 2023 · arXiv

Video motion magnification amplifies invisible small motions to be perceptible, which provides humans with a spatially dense and holistic understanding of small motions in the scene of interest. This is based on the premise that magnifying small motions enhances the legibility of motions. In the real world, however, vibrating objects often possess convoluted systems that have complex natural frequencies, modes, and directions. Existing motion magnification often fails to improve legibility since the intricate motions still retain complex characteristics even after being magnified, which may di

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Lung Nodule Classification Using Biomarkers, Volumetric Radiomics and 3D CNNs

Kushal Mehta, Arshita Jain, Jayalakshmi Mangalagiri et al. · 2020 · arXiv

We present a hybrid algorithm to estimate lung nodule malignancy that combines imaging biomarkers from Radiologist's annotation with image classification of CT scans. Our algorithm employs a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as well as a Random Forest in order to combine CT imagery with biomarker annotation and volumetric radiomic features. We analyze and compare the performance of the algorithm using only imagery, only biomarkers, combined imagery + biomarkers, combined imagery + volumetric radiomic features and finally the combination of imagery + biomarkers + volumetric features in orde

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

HyNNA: Improved Performance for Neuromorphic Vision Sensor based Surveillance using Hybrid Neural Network Architecture

Deepak Singla, Soham Chatterjee, Lavanya Ramapantulu et al. · 2020 · arXiv

Applications in the Internet of Video Things (IoVT) domain have very tight constraints with respect to power and area. While neuromorphic vision sensors (NVS) may offer advantages over traditional imagers in this domain, the existing NVS systems either do not meet the power constraints or have not demonstrated end-to-end system performance. To address this, we improve on a recently proposed hybrid event-frame approach by using morphological image processing algorithms for region proposal and address the low-power requirement for object detection and classification by exploring various convolut

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

How time window influences biometrics performance: an EEG-based fingerprints connectivity study

Luca Didaci, Sara Maria Pani, Claudio Frongia et al. · 2023 · arXiv

EEG-based biometric represents a relatively recent research field that aims to recognize individuals based on their recorded brain activity by means of electroencephalography (EEG). Among the numerous features that have been proposed, connectivity-based approaches represent one of the more promising methods tested so far. In this paper, we investigate how the performance of an EEG biometric system varies with respect to different time windows to understand if it is possible to define the optimal duration of EEG signal that can be used to extract those distinctive features. Overall, the results

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

On Minimizing Symbol Error Rate Over Fading Channels with Low-Resolution Quantization

Neil Irwin Bernardo, Jingge Zhu, Jamie Evans · 2021 · arXiv

We analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of $M$-ary pulse amplitude modulation ($M$-PAM) receivers equipped with optimal low-resolution quantizers. We first show that the optimum detector can be reduced to a simple decision rule. Using this simplification, an exact SEP expression for quantized $M$-PAM receivers is obtained when Nakagami-$m$ fading channel is considered. The derived expression enables the optimization of the quantizer and/or constellation under the minimum SEP criterion. Our analysis of optimal quantization for equidistant $M$-PAM receiver reveals the existence of error fl

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Improving Power Flow Robustness via Circuit Simulation Methods

Amritanshu Pandey, Marko Jereminov, Gabriela Hug et al. · 2017 · arXiv

Recent advances in power system simulation have included the use of complex rectangular current and voltage (I-V) variables for solving the power flow and three-phase power flow problems. This formulation has demonstrated superior convergence properties over conventional polar coordinate based formulations for three-phase power flow, but has failed to replicate the same advantages for power flow in general due to convergence issues with systems containing PV buses. In this paper, we demonstrate how circuit simulation techniques can provide robust convergence for any complex I-V formulation tha

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Fast T2w/FLAIR MRI Acquisition by Optimal Sampling of Information Complementary to Pre-acquired T1w MRI

Junwei Yang, Xiao-Xin Li, Feihong Liu et al. · 2021 · arXiv

Recent studies on T1-assisted MRI reconstruction for under-sampled images of other modalities have demonstrated the potential of further accelerating MRI acquisition of other modalities. Most of the state-of-the-art approaches have achieved improvement through the development of network architectures for fixed under-sampling patterns, without fully exploiting the complementary information between modalities. Although existing under-sampling pattern learning algorithms can be simply modified to allow the fully-sampled T1-weighted MR image to assist the pattern learning, no significant improveme

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Classifying Rhoticity of /r/ in Speech Sound Disorder using Age-and-Sex Normalized Formants

Nina R Benway, Jonathan L Preston, Asif Salekin et al. · 2023 · arXiv

Mispronunciation detection tools could increase treatment access for speech sound disorders impacting, e.g., /r/. We show age-and-sex normalized formant estimation outperforms cepstral representation for detection of fully rhotic vs. derhotic /r/ in the PERCEPT-R Corpus. Gated recurrent neural networks trained on this feature set achieve a mean test participant-specific F1-score =.81 (σx=.10, med = .83, n = 48), with post hoc modeling showing no significant effect of child age or sex.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Generative Style Transfer for MRI Image Segmentation: A Case of Glioma Segmentation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Rancy Chepchirchir, Jill Sunday, Raymond Confidence et al. · 2025 · arXiv

In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the utilization of lower-quality Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technology raises questions about the applicability of machine learning methods for clinical tasks. This study aims to provide a robust deep learning-based brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) method tailored for the SSA population using a threefold approach. Firstly, the impact of domain shift from the SSA training data on model efficacy was examined, revealing no significant effect. Secondly, a comparative analysis of 3D and 2D full-resolution models using the nnU-Net framework indicates similar perfor

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

On The Synergy Between Nonconvex Extensions of The Tensor Nuclear Norm for Tensor Recovery

Kaito Hosono, Shunsuke Ono, Takamichi Miyata · 2020 · arXiv

Low-rank tensor recovery has attracted much attention among various tensor recovery approaches. A tensor rank has several definitions, unlike the matrix rank--e.g. the CP rank and the Tucker rank. Many low-rank tensor recovery methods are focused on the Tucker rank. Since the Tucker rank is nonconvex and discontinuous, many relaxations of the Tucker rank have been proposed, e.g., the tensor nuclear norm, weighted tensor nuclear norm, and weighted tensor Schatten-$p$ norm. In particular, the weighted tensor Schatten-p norm has two parameters, the weight and $p$, and the tensor nuclear norm and

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

3D deformable registration of longitudinal abdominopelvic CT images using unsupervised deep learning

Maureen van Eijnatten, Leonardo Rundo, K. Joost Batenburg et al. · 2020 · arXiv

This study investigates the use of the unsupervised deep learning framework VoxelMorph for deformable registration of longitudinal abdominopelvic CT images acquired in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. The CT images were refined prior to registration by automatically removing the CT table and all other extra-corporeal components. To improve the learning capabilities of VoxelMorph when only a limited amount of training data is available, a novel incremental training strategy is proposed based on simulated deformations of consecutive CT images. In a 4-fold cross-validation scheme

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

A comparison of Vietnamese Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesis Systems

Huy Kinh Phan, Viet Lam Phung, Tuan Anh Dinh et al. · 2020 · arXiv

In recent years, statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS) systems have been widely utilized in many interactive speech-based systems (e.g.~Amazon's Alexa, Bose's headphones). To select a suitable SPSS system, both speech quality and performance efficiency (e.g.~decoding time) must be taken into account. In the paper, we compared four popular Vietnamese SPSS techniques using: 1) hidden Markov models (HMM), 2) deep neural networks (DNN), 3) generative adversarial networks (GAN), and 4) end-to-end (E2E) architectures, which consists of Tacontron~2 and WaveGlow vocoder in terms of speech qua

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Momentum-Net for Low-Dose CT Image Reconstruction

Siqi Ye, Yong Long, Il Yong Chun · 2020 · arXiv

This paper applies the recent fast iterative neural network framework, Momentum-Net, using appropriate models to low-dose X-ray computed tomography (LDCT) image reconstruction. At each layer of the proposed Momentum-Net, the model-based image reconstruction module solves the majorized penalized weighted least-square problem, and the image refining module uses a four-layer convolutional neural network (CNN). Experimental results with the NIH AAPM-Mayo Clinic Low Dose CT Grand Challenge dataset show that the proposed Momentum-Net architecture significantly improves image reconstruction accuracy,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Fundamental Performance Limits on Terahertz Wireless Links Imposed by Group Velocity Dispersion

Karl Strecker, Sabit Ekin, John OHara · 2021 · arXiv

A theoretical framework and numerical simulations quantifying the impact of atmospheric group velocity dispersion on wireless terahertz communication link error rate were developed based upon experimental work. We present, for the first time, predictions of symbol error rate as a function of link distance, signal bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and atmospheric conditions, revealing that long-distance, broadband terahertz communication systems may be limited by inter-symbol interference stemming from group velocity dispersion, rather than attenuation. In such dispersion limited links, increas

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Intent Demonstration in General-Sum Dynamic Games via Iterative Linear-Quadratic Approximations

Jingqi Li, Anand Siththaranjan, Somayeh Sojoudi et al. · 2024 · arXiv

Autonomous agents should coordinate effectively without prior knowledge of others' intents. While prior work has focused on intent inference, we address the inverse problem: how agents can strategically demonstrate their intents within general-sum dynamic games. We model this problem and propose an algorithm that balances intent demonstration with task performance. To handle nonlinear dynamic games with continuous state-action spaces, our method leverages iterative linear-quadratic game approximations and provides efficient intent-teaching guarantees: the uncertain agent's belief can be driven

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