299 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Psychology. Search the index →
WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.
Eileen K Graham, Sara J. Weston, Denis Gerstorf et al. · 2020 · European Journal of Personality
This study assessed change in self-reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated…
View details →Roger E. Beaty, Emily C. Nusbaum, Paul J. Silvia · 2014 · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts
Insight problems are commonly used to assess creative problem solving. Such problems are often employed by proponents of the associative view of creativity—the notion that creative ideas result from unconscious processes. Surprisingly…
View details →Guillermo Campitelli, Fernand Gobet · 2011 · Current Directions in Psychological Science
Deliberate practice (DP) occurs when an individual intentionally repeats an activity in order to improve performance. The claim of the DP framework is that such behavior is necessary to achieve high levels of expert performance. The…
View details →Emily S. Kappenman, Annmarie MacNamara, Greg Hajcak · 2014 · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Threatening stimuli have been shown to preferentially capture attention using a range of tasks and measures. However, attentional bias to threat has not typically been found in unselected individuals using behavioral measures in the…
View details →Dermot Lynott, Katherine S. Corker, Jessica Wortman et al. · 2014 · Social Psychology
We report the results of three high-powered, independent replications of Study 2 from Williams and Bargh (2008) . Participants evaluated hot or cold instant therapeutic packs before choosing a reward for participation that was framed as a…
View details →Paula Pérez Sobrino · 2016 · Metaphor and Symbol
This article offers the first large-scale study of a multimodal corpus of 210 advertisements. First, the reader is presented with a description of the corpus in terms of the distribution of conceptual operations (for the purposes of this…
View details →Clare Sutherland, Xizi Liu, Lingshan Zhang et al. · 2017 · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
People form first impressions from facial appearance rapidly, and these impressions can have considerable social and economic consequences. Three dimensions can explain Western perceivers' impressions of Caucasian faces: approachability,…
View details →Robyn L. Gobin, Jennifer J. Freyd · 2013 · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy
Early experiences of violation perpetrated by close others, or betrayal traumas, may interfere with developing social capacities, including the ability to make healthy decisions about whom to trust. Betrayal trauma theory posits that…
View details →Philip T. Yanos, David Roe, Michelle L. West et al. · 2012 · Psychological Services
Elevated internalized stigma is common and is linked to subjective and objective outcomes for severe mental illness. The authors developed a manualized group-based intervention (Narrative Enhancement/Cognitive Therapy; NECT) to address…
View details →Julia Depa, Juan Ramón Barrada, María Roncero · 2019 · Nutrients
Recent research points to the bidimensional nature of orthorexia, with one dimension related to interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia) and another dimension related to a pathological preoccupation with eating healthily (orthorexia nervosa). Research was needed to provide further support for this differentiation. We examined the food-choice motives related to both aspects of orthorexia. Participants were 460 students from a Spanish university who completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Food Choice Questionnaire. By means of structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationsh
View details →Eric‐Jan Wagenmakers, Josine Verhagen, Alexander Ly · 2015 · Behavior Research Methods
We present a suite of Bayes factor hypothesis tests that allow researchers to grade the decisiveness of the evidence that the data provide for the presence versus the absence of a correlation between two variables. For concreteness, we apply our methods to the recent work of Donnellan et al. (in press) who conducted nine replication studies with over 3,000 participants and failed to replicate the phenomenon that lonely people compensate for a lack of social warmth by taking warmer baths or showers. We show how the Bayes factor hypothesis test can quantify evidence in favor of the null hypothes
View details →Nia Plamenova Djourova, Isabel Rodríguez, Núria Tordera et al. · 2019 · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies
The objective of this article is to test the roles of self-efficacy and resilience as consecutive mediators in the relationship between the four dimensions of transformational leadership and well-being (operationalized as psychosomatic complaints and psychological distress). The sample consists of 225 social services employees in Spain. Data were gathered at two time points with a time-lag of 6 months. We used path analysis to test the hypothesized model and Monte Carlo confidence intervals to check the significance of the indirect effects. Our results showed that only two of the four transfor
View details →Hans Kirschner, Willem Kuyken, Kim Wright et al. · 2019 · Clinical Psychological Science
Self-compassion and its cultivation in psychological interventions are associated with improved mental health and well-being. However, the underlying processes for this are not well understood. We randomly assigned 135 participants to study the effect of two short-term self-compassion exercises on self-reported-state mood and psychophysiological responses compared to three control conditions of negative (rumination), neutral, and positive (excitement) valence. Increased self-reported-state self-compassion, affiliative affect, and decreased self-criticism were found after both self-compassion e
View details →Enda M. Byrne, Philip Gehrman, Sarah E. Medland et al. · 2013 · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics
Several aspects of sleep behavior such as timing, duration and quality have been demonstrated to be heritable. To identify common variants that influence sleep traits in the population, we conducted a genome-wide association study of six…
View details →N. J. Schweitzer, Michael J. Saks, Emily R. Murphy et al. · 2011 · Psychology Public Policy and Law
Recent developments in the neuropsychology of criminal behavior have given rise to concerns that neuroimaging evidence (such as MRI and functional MRI [fMRI] images) could unduly influence jurors. Across four experiments, a nationally…
View details →Valter da Rocha Fernandes, Michelle L. Scipião Ribeiro, Thais Regina Ferreira de Melo et al. · 2016 · Frontiers in Psychology
The relationship between exercise and cognition is an important topic of research that only recently began to unravel. Here, we set out to investigate the relation between motor skills, cognitive function, and school performance in 45 students from 8 to 14 years of age. We used a cross-sectional design to evaluate motor coordination (Touch Test Disc), agility (Shuttle Run Speed-running back and forth), school performance (Academic Achievement Test), the Stroop test, and six sub-tests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). We found, that the Touch Test Disc was the best p
View details →Emily A. P. Haigh, Michael Moore, Todd B. Kashdan et al. · 2010 · Assessment
Langer's theory of mindfulness proposes that a mindful person seeks out and produces novelty, is attentive to context, and is flexible in thought and behavior. In three independent studies, the factor structure of the Langer…
View details →Beatrice Rammstedt, Richard F. Farmer · 2013 · Psychological Assessment
Acquiescence, or the tendency to respond to descriptions of conceptually distinct personality attributes with agreement/affirmation (acceptance acquiescence) or disagreement/opposition (counter-acquiescence), has been widely recognized as…
View details →Nathan A. Lewis, Nicholas A. Turiano, Brennan R. Payne et al. · 2016 · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition
With an increasingly aging population, more work is needed to identify factors which may promote the maintenance of normal cognitive functioning. The current study tested the concurrent association between sense of purpose in life and the…
View details →Suzanna M. Zick, Benjamin D. Wright, Ananda Sen et al. · 2011 · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
BACKGROUND: Despite being the most commonly used herbal for sleep disorders, chamomile's (Matricaria recutita) efficacy and safety for treating chronic primary insomnia is unknown. We examined the preliminary efficacy and safety of chamomile for improving subjective sleep and daytime symptoms in patients with chronic insomnia. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial in 34 patients aged 18-65 years with DSM-IV primary insomnia for ≥ 6-months. Patients were randomized to 270 mg of chamomile twice daily or placebo for 28-days. The primary outcomes were sle
View details →Andrew A. Abeyta, Clay Routledge, Christina Roylance et al. · 2014 · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
The reported research tested whether the social and agentic content of nostalgic memories varies as a function of attachment-related avoidance. We measured individual differences in attachment-related avoidance and anxiety and coded the…
View details →Coren L. Apicella, David Cesarini, Magnus Johannesson et al. · 2010 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in a suite of complex social behaviors including observed choices in economic laboratory experiments. However, actual studies of associations between oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variants and experimentally elicited social preferences are rare. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We test hypotheses of associations between social preferences, as measured by behavior in two economic games, and 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OXTR gene in a sample of Swedish twins (n = 684). Two standard economic games, the dictator game and the trust ga
View details →Matthew J. Lindquist, Torsten Santavirta · 2014 · Labour Economics
We evaluate the association between foster care placement during childhood and adult criminality. In contrast to previous studies, we allow associations to vary by gender and age at initial placement. We find that foster care predicts…
View details →Anne‐Marie Linnen, Mark A. Ellenbogen, Christopher Cardoso et al. · 2011 · Stress
Oxytocin facilitates pro-social behaviour and is proposed as a regulatory factor controlling stress reactivity. Previous research on oxytocin and stress has focused on achievement-related stressors among male participants. The aims of the…
View details →David Figlio, Jeremy Freese, Krzysztof Karbownik et al. · 2017 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Accurate understanding of environmental moderation of genetic influences is vital to advancing the science of cognitive development as well as for designing interventions. One widely reported idea is increasing genetic influence on…
View details →John E. Pachankis, Audrey Harkness, Kaitlin R. Maciejewski et al. · 2022 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
OBJECTIVE: Effective Skills to Empower Effective Men (ESTEEM) represents the first intervention to address the psychological pathways through which minority stress undermines young sexual minority men's (SMM's) mental and sexual health…
View details →David D. Luxton, Larry D. Pruitt, Amy W. Wagner et al. · 2016 · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
OBJECTIVE: Evidence of feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of home-based telebehavioral health (HBTBH) needs to be established before adoption of HBTBH in the military health system can occur. The purpose of this randomized controlled…
View details →Tobias Schuwerk, Beate Priewasser, Beate Sodian et al. · 2018 · Royal Society Open Science
Influential studies showed that 25-month-olds and neurotypical adults take an agent's false belief into account in their anticipatory looking patterns (Southgate et al. 2007 Psychol. Sci. 18 , 587–592 ( doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01944.x ); Senju et al. 2009 Science 325 , 883–885 ( doi:10.1126/science.1176170 )). These findings constitute central pillars of current accounts distinguishing between implicit and explicit Theory of Mind. In our first experiment, which initially included a replication as well as two manipulations, we failed to replicate the original finding in 2- to 3-year-olds (
View details →Björn Philips, Peter Wennberg, Per Konradsson et al. · 2018 · European Addiction Research
AIMS: There is a scarcity of clinical trials on psychological treatments for concurrent borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) have shown efficacy in several trials on…
View details →Uzma S. Rehman, Erick Janssen, Sarah K. Newhouse et al. · 2011 · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
The way couples communicate during conflict discussions has been found to be a reliable predictor of marital satisfaction. However, in previous research, there has been little experimental control over the selection of topics. The present…
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