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Browse the failure-mode index

12,222 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy of empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved versus mid-range ejection fraction: a pre-specified analysis of EMPEROR-Preserved

Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Muhammad Usman et al. · 2022 · Nature Medicine

Abstract The EMPEROR-Preserved trial showed that the sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in heart failure patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 40%. Here, we report the results of a pre-specified analysis that separately evaluates these patients stratified by LVEF: preserved (≥ 50%) ( n = 4,005; 66.9%) or mid-range (41–49%). In patients with LVEF ≥ 50%, empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or HHF (the primary endpoint) by 17% versus plac

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Caused by Sepsis: Risk Factor Analysis

Guodong Sun, Yang Zhang, Shanshan Mo et al. · 2021 · International Journal of General Medicine

PURPOSE: To analyze the risk factors of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) caused by sepsis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 180 patients with sepsis admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (No. 23,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

High-Dose Convalescent Plasma for Treatment of Severe COVID-19

Gil Cunha De Santis, Luciana Correa Oliveira de Oliveira, Pedro Manuel Marques Garibaldi et al. · 2022 · Emerging infectious diseases

To assess whether high-dose coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion may benefit patients with severe COVID-19, we conducted a multicenter randomized trial in Brazil. Patients with severe COVID-19 who were within 10 days of initial symptom onset were eligible. Patients in the CCP group received 3 daily doses of CCP (600 mL/d) in addition to standard treatment; control patients received standard treatment only. Primary outcomes were death rates at days 30 and 60 of study randomization. Secondary outcomes were ventilator-free days and hospital-free days. We enrolled 1

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Vector Competence of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) for West Nile Virus

Michael Scott Doyle, Bethany N. Swope, Jerome A. Hogsette et al. · 2011 · Journal of Medical Entomology

In 2006-2007, stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were suspected of being enzootic vectors of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) during a die-off of American white pelicans (Pelecanus…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Desire to Dissociate: Implications for Problematic Drinking in College Students with Childhood or Adolescent Sexual Abuse Exposure

Alicia K. Klanecky, Dennis E. McChargue, Lindsay Bruggeman · 2012 · American Journal on Addictions

Alcohol use to replace inadequate dissociative capabilities, or chemical dissociation, has been linked to college students with childhood or adolescent sexual abuse (CASA). Insofar as CASA-exposed persons experience a restricted range of…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lung-Protective Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial (PROLABI)

Luciana Mascia, Vito Fanelli, Alice Mistretta et al. · 2024 · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Abstract Rationale Lung-protective strategies using low Vt and moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are considered best practice in critical care, but interventional trials have never been conducted in patients with acute brain…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Effect of vorapaxar on myocardial infarction in the thrombin receptor antagonist for clinical event reduction in acute coronary syndrome (TRA{middle dot}CER) trial

Sergio Leonardi, Pierluigi Tricoci, HD White et al. · 2013 · European Heart Journal

AIMS: The TRA·CER trial compared vorapaxar, a novel platelet protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist, with placebo in 12 944 patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS). In this analysis, we…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Association of Severe Hyperoxemia Events and Mortality Among Patients Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Sriram Ramgopal, Cameron Dezfulian, Robert W. Hickey et al. · 2019 · JAMA Network Open

Importance: A high Pao2, termed hyperoxemia, is postulated to have deleterious health outcomes. To date, the association between hyperoxemia during the ongoing management of critical illness and mortality has been incompletely evaluated in children. Objective: To examine whether severe hyperoxemia events are associated with mortality among patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a 10-year period (January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018); all 23 719 PICU encounters at a quaternary children's ho

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Significant differences in coeliac immunotoxicity of barley varieties

Isabel Comino, Ana Real, Javier Gil‐Humanes et al. · 2012 · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

SCOPE: The only treatment available for coeliac disease (CD) is a strict diet in which the intake of wheat, barley, rye, or oats is avoided. Barley is a major cereal crop, grown mainly for its use in brewing, and it has high nutritional…

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Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

Azithromycin therapy for prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity (AZTEC): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

John Lowe, David Gillespie, Ali F. Aboklaish et al. · 2024 · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews have reported conflicting evidence on whether macrolide antibiotics reduce rates of chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) in at-risk preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation, including in those colonised with pulmonary Ureaplasma spp. Since an adequately powered trial has been lacking, we aimed to assess if the macrolide azithromycin improved survival without the development of physiologically defined moderate or severe CLD in preterm infants. METHODS: AZTEC was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 28 ter

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Refined clinical scoring in comparative EAE studies does not enhance the chance to observe statistically significant differences

Silvia Tietz, Marcel Zwahlen, Neda Haghayegh Jahromi et al. · 2016 · European Journal of Immunology

Considering the 3R rules of animal experimentation, we asked if refined scoring of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice improves documentation of clinical EAE allowing to perform a more powerful statistical analysis.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Machine learning versus logistic regression for the prediction of complications after pancreatoduodenectomy

Erik W. Ingwersen, Wessel T. Stam, Bono J.V. Meijs et al. · 2023 · Surgery

BACKGROUND: Machine learning is increasingly advocated to develop prediction models for postoperative complications. It is, however, unclear if machine learning is superior to logistic regression when using structured clinical data. Postoperative pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying are the two most common complications with the biggest impact on patient condition and length of hospital stay after pancreatoduodenectomy. This study aimed to compare the performance of machine learning and logistic regression in predicting pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying after pancreato

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

No Significant Association Between Genetic Variants in 7 Candidate Genes and Response to Methylphenidate Treatment in Adult Patients With ADHD

Verônica Contini, Marcelo M. Victor, Guilherme Pinto Bertuzzi et al. · 2012 · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

Results from pharmacogenetic investigations of methylphenidate (MPH) response in patients with ADHD are still inconsistent, especially among adults. This study investigates the role of genetic variants (SLC6A4, HTR1B, TPH2, DBH, DRD4,…

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Methods Dead-EndOpen accessMedicine

Establishing the Minimum Clinically Significant Difference (MCID) and the Patient Acceptable Symptom Score (PASS) for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Patients with Rotator Cuff Disease and Shoulder Prosthesis

Umile Giuseppe Longo, Rocco Papalia, Sergio De Salvatore et al. · 2023 · Journal of Clinical Medicine

Insufficiently treated shoulder pain may cause mental disturbances, including depression and anxiety. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that aims to identify depression and anxiety in patients in nonpsychiatric wards. The aim of this study was to identify the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) scores for the HADS in a cohort of individuals with rotator cuff disease. Using the HADS, participants' degrees of anxiety and depression were assessed at inception and at their final asses

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effects of adjunctive eslicarbazepine acetate on neurocognitive functioning in children with refractory focal-onset seizures

Sergiusz Jóźwiak, Pierangelo Veggiotti, J. Moreira et al. · 2018 · Epilepsy & Behavior

PURPOSE: This was a phase-II, randomized, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate neurocognitive effects of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) as adjunctive therapy in pediatric patients with refractory focal-onset…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Full investigation of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presenting to four different clinical specialties reveals significant differences and undiagnosed morbidity

Dhakshana Sivayoganathan, Deivanayagam Maruthini, Julie Glanville et al. · 2011 · Human Fertility

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the spectrum of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) symptoms in patients from four different specialist clinics. DESIGN: A prospective cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: The study was…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A 6-month, subject-masked, randomized controlled study to assess efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjunct to bevacizumab compared with bevacizumab alone in the treatment of patients with macular edema due to central or branch retinal vein occlusion

Michael Stewart, Raj K. Maturi, Vincent Chen et al. · 2014 · Clinical ophthalmology

AIMS: To determine if intravitreal bevacizumab combined with the dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.7 mg improves visual acuity and macular thickness more than bevacizumab monotherapy in eyes with macular edema due to branch and central…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Outcomes of synchronous systemic and central nervous system (CNS) involvement of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma are dictated by the CNS disease: a collaborative study of the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance

Joel Wight, Mimi Yue, Colm Keane et al. · 2019 · British Journal of Haematology

De novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presenting with synchronous central nervous system (CNS) and systemic disease (synDLBCL) is not well described and is excluded from clinical trials. We performed a retrospective analysis of 80…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Atorvastatin for patients with cirrhosis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Thit Mynster Kronborg, Robert Schierwagen, Kajetan Trôst et al. · 2023 · Hepatology Communications

BACKGROUND: Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension face a high risk of complications. Besides their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, statins may reduce portal pressure and thus the risk of complications and mortality.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

NEWS 2 – too little evidence to implement?

Luke Hodgson, Jo Congleton, Richard Venn et al. · 2018 · Clinical Medicine

ABSTRACT The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) recently published the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), aiming to improve safety for patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure by suggesting a separate oxygen saturation (SpO2)…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Glaucoma-Associated Mutations in the Optineurin Gene Have Limited Impact on Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy

Kseniia Chernyshova, Keiichi Inoue, Shun‐ichi Yamashita et al. · 2019 · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Purpose: Glaucoma results in progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and irreversible vision loss. Several mutations in the gene encoding optineurin (OPTN), the receptor for Parkin-dependent mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), are…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Adding Concurrent Chemotherapy to Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Does Not Improve Treatment Outcomes for Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Phase 2 Multicenter Clinical Trial

Xiaodong Huang, Xiaozhong Chen, Chong Zhao et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Oncology

Purpose: To explore the efficacy of concomitant chemotherapy in intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) to treat stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods and Materials: In this randomized phase 2 study (registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT01187238)), eligible patients with stage II (2010 UICC/AJCC) NPC were randomly assigned to either IMRT alone (RT group) or IMRT combined with concurrent cisplatin (40 mg/m2, weekly) (CCRT group). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The second endpoints included local failure-free survival (LFFS), regional failure-free survival (RFFS), d

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy and safety of chronomodulated irinotecan, oxaliplatin, 5‐fluorouracil and leucovorin combination as first‐ or second‐line treatment against metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the International EORTC 05011 Trial

Pasquale F. Innominato, Abdoulaye Karaboué, C. Focan et al. · 2020 · International Journal of Cancer

The triplet combination of irinotecan, oxaliplatin and fluorouracil is an active frontline regimen in metastatic colorectal cancer, but scarce data exist on its use as salvage treatment. We aimed at assessing its safety and efficacy profiles with its circadian-based administration (chronoIFLO5) as either first- or second-line treatment, within the time-finding EORTC 05011 trial. Five-day chronoIFLO5 was administered every 3 weeks in patients with PS 0, 1 or 2. It consisted of chronomodulated irinotecan (180 mg/sqm), oxaliplatin (80 mg/sqm) and fluorouracil-leucovorin (2800 and 1200 mg/sqm, res

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The impaired response of nasal epithelial cells to microplastic stimulation in asthma and COPD

Magdalena Paplińska‐Goryca, Paulina Misiukiewicz‐Stępień, Monika Wróbel et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Microplastic particles from the air are inhaled and accumulate in the lungs, potentially causing immunological reactions and airway tissue injury. This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of polyamide fibres on nasal epithelium…

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Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

ALBAN (GETUG-AFU 37): a phase III, randomized, open-label international trial of intravenous atezolizumab and intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) versus BCG alone in BCG-naive high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)

M. Roupret, Aurélie Bertaut, G. Pignot et al. · 2025 · Annals of Oncology

BACKGROUND: Standard treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor is intravesical instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (induction and maintenance regimens);…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Very Early Administration of Progesterone Does Not Improve Neuropsychological Outcomes in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Felicia C. Goldstein, Angela F. Caveney, Vicki Hertzberg et al. · 2016 · Journal of Neurotrauma

A Phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ProTECT III) found that administration of progesterone did not reduce mortality or improve functional outcome as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) in subjects with…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Photodynamic therapy changes tumour immunogenicity and promotes immune-checkpoint blockade response, particularly when combined with micromechanical priming

Catarina S. Lobo, Maria Inês P. Mendes, Diogo A. Pereira et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with redaporfin stimulates colon carcinoma (CT26), breast (4T1) and melanoma (B16F10) cells to display high levels of CD80 molecules on their surfaces. CD80 overexpression amplifies immunogenicity because it increases same cell (cis) CD80:PD-L1 interactions, which (i) disrupt binding of T-cells PD-1 inhibitory receptors with their ligands (PD-L1) in tumour cells, and (ii) inhibit CTLA-4 inhibitory receptors binding to CD80 in tumour cells. In some cancer cells, redaporfin-PDT also increases CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expressions and virtuous combinations between PDT and immune

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