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Browse the failure-mode index

12,263 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Forecasting biodiversity in breeding birds using best practices

David J. Harris, Shawn D. Taylor, Ethan P. White · 2018 · PeerJ

Biodiversity forecasts are important for conservation, management, and evaluating how well current models characterize natural systems. While the number of forecasts for biodiversity is increasing, there is little information available on how well these forecasts work. Most biodiversity forecasts are not evaluated to determine how well they predict future diversity, fail to account for uncertainty, and do not use time-series data that captures the actual dynamics being studied. We addressed these limitations by using best practices to explore our ability to forecast the species richness of bre

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

MicroRNA-124-loaded nanoparticles increase survival and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro but do not contribute to stroke outcome in vivo.

Cláudia Saraiva, Daniela Talhada, Akhilesh Rai et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE

There is a high quest for novel therapeutic strategies to enhance recovery after stroke. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) has been described as neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory molecule. Moreover, miR-124 is a well described enhancer of adult neurogenesis that could offer potentially beneficial effects. Herein, we used miR-124-loaded nanoparticles (miR-124 NPs) to evaluate their therapeutic potential in an in vitro and in vivo model of stroke. For that, neuroprotective and neurogenic responses were assessed in an in vitro model of stroke. Here, we found that miR-124 NPs decreased cell death and imp

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Novel New Jersey Eyewitness Instruction Induces Skepticism but Not Sensitivity.

Athan P Papailiou, David V Yokum, Christopher T Robertson · 2015 · PLoS ONE

In recent decades, social scientists have shown that the reliability of eyewitness identifications is much worse than laypersons tend to believe. Although courts have only recently begun to react to this evidence, the New Jersey judiciary has reformed its jury instructions to notify jurors about the frailties of human memory, the potential for lineup administrators to nudge witnesses towards suspects that they police have already identified, and the advantages of alternative lineup procedures, including blinding of the administrator. This experiment tested the efficacy of New Jersey's jury ins

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Treating social cognition impairment with the online therapy 'SoCoBo': A randomized controlled trial including traumatic brain injury patients.

Tobias Lohaus, Sally Reckelkamm, Patrizia Thoma · 2024 · PLoS ONE

Objective Acquired brain injuries (ABIs), such as traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), often entail impairments of general cognition (e.g., memory, attention or executive functions) and social cognition (e.g. emotion recognition, theory of mind [ToM], social problem-solving). The availability of fully computerized interventions targeting sociocognitive deficits specifically in neurologically impaired patients is extremely limited. Therefore, the Treatment Program for Deficits in Social Cognition and Social Competencies of the Ruhr University Bochum (SoCoBo), a fully computerized online therapy des

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Survival from methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections over 20 years: a cohort of 1328 patients

Benedikt J. Wiggli, Reno Frei, Reto Laffer et al. · 2017 · Swiss Medical Weekly

PURPOSE Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SA BSI) are associated with substantial mortality. The rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), known to be associated with worse outcome, may blur advances made regarding mortality attributed to SA BSI caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains. In the unusual setting of a very low MRSA prevalence institution, we investigated incidence, mortality and trends of BSI caused by MSSA over the last 20 years. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and demonstrate trends in incidence and mortality of MSSA BSI as well as risk factors

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

A multi-ingredient containing carbohydrate, proteins L-glutamine and L-carnitine attenuates fatigue perception with no effect on performance, muscle damage or immunity in soccer players.

Fernando Naclerio, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Robert Cooper et al. · 2015 · PLoS ONE

We investigated the effects of ingesting a multi-ingredient (53 g carbohydrate, 14.5 g whey protein, 5 g glutamine, 1.5 g L-carnitine-L-tartrate) supplement, carbohydrate only, or placebo on intermittent performance, perception of fatigue, immunity, and functional and metabolic markers of recovery. Sixteen amateur soccer players ingested their respective treatments before, during and after performing a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test. Primary outcomes included time for a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test (IRS) followed by eleven 15 m sprints. Measurements included creatine kina

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Cost-effectiveness of follow-up invasive coronary angiography after percutaneous coronary stenting: a real-world observational cohort study in Japan

Hiroyuki Daida, Tomoyuki Takura, Tetsuya Shiina et al. · 2022 · BMJ Open

Objectives Follow-up invasive coronary angiography (FUICA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been shown to increase the rate of early coronary revascularisation without reducing the incidence of subsequent myocardial infarction or death. However, no studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of FUICA in patients after coronary stenting. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of FUICA after PCI.Design Retrospective observational cohort study.Setting 497 hospitals.Participants and interventions Overall, 558 patients who underwent coronary artery stenti

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Validation of a novel automated signal analysis tool for ablation of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.

Scott R Ceresnak, Robert H Pass, Anne M Dubin et al. · 2019 · PLoS ONE

Background In previous pilot work we demonstrated that a novel automated signal analysis tool could accurately identify successful ablation sites during Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) ablation at a single center. Objective We sought to validate and refine this signal analysis tool in a larger multi-center cohort of children with WPW. Methods A retrospective review was performed of signal data from children with WPW who underwent ablation at two pediatric arrhythmia centers from 2008-2015. All patients with WPW ≤ 21 years who underwent invasive electrophysiology study and ablation with ablation si

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A randomized comparative study to estimate the safety and effectiveness between laryngeal mask airway supreme and I-gel in patients undergoing elective surgeries

Kaushal Kabir , Keshav Middha , Arora KK et al. · 2023 · Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) and i-gel airway devices are second generation supraglottic airway devices (SAD) and are good alternatives to intubation during elective surgeries. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted with the objective of comparing the two SAD with respect to ease of insertion, number of attempts of insertion, insertion time, ease of gastric tube insertion, accompanying hemodynamic changes, incidence of adverse effects like regurgitation, lip and dental trauma, post-operative sore throat, dysphagia, and hoarseness. Materials and Methods: This study wa

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

EFFECTS OF CEFEPIME ON SERUM LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS IN RABBITS

M. Helal, A. Said, G. El-DinShams et al. · 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of cefepime on different liver and kidney functions of healthy rabbits (35days/1kg) were injected with singular intramuscular dose once daily for 5 successive days with 75 mg/kg body weight.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impairment of retrograde neuronal transport in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy demonstrated by molecular imaging.

Dawid Schellingerhout, Lucia G LeRoux, Brian P Hobbs et al. · 2012 · PLoS ONE

Background and purpose The purpose of our study was to utilize a molecular imaging technology based on the retrograde axonal transport mechanism (neurography), to determine if oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity affects retrograde axonal transport in an animal model. Materials and methods Mice (n = 8/group) were injected with a cumulative dose of 30 mg/kg oxaliplatin (sufficient to induce neurotoxicity) or dextrose control injections. Intramuscular injections of Tetanus Toxin C-fragment (TTc) labeled with Alexa 790 fluorescent dye were done (15 ug/20 uL) in the left calf muscles, and in vivo flu

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effective Factors in Clinical Education Quality from the Viewpoints of Operation Room and Anesthesiology Students in Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences

Hashem Heshmati, Karim darvishpour · 2015 · مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی

Introduction: Clinical education is one of the most important aspects of medical and paramedical students' education and has a determining role in the professional future of these students as well as other professionals in health care. So this study aimed to evaluate the effective factors in the quality of clinical education from the viewpoints of operation room and Anesthesiology students in Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a number of 115 students of operation room and Anesthesiology studying in Torbat Heydarieh university o

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Metascientific replication project with the advanced meta-experimental protocol of the transparent psi project procedures for testing the precognitive effect claimed by Bem.

Jan Walleczek, Nikolaus von Stillfried, Stefan Schmidt et al. · 2025 · PLoS ONE

This metascientific project studied the replicability of Bem Experiment 1, which had claimed a precognitive effect, i.e., the ability to successfully guess the outcome of future random events (Bem. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;100: 407-25). The use of advanced methodologies-based on the advanced meta-experimental protocol (AMP) and transparent psi project (TPP) procedures-reduced the risk of false discoveries as a function of (i) confirmation bias, (ii) non-transparency, and (iii) intrinsic measurement bias. The combined AMP-TPP test strategy performed three replication studies with a total of 26,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Production location of the gelling agent Phytagel has a significant impact on Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis.

Caitlin N Jacques, Anna K Hulbert, Shelby Westenskow et al. · 2020 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND:Recently, it was found that 1% Phytagel plates used to conduct Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis no longer reproduced previously published results. This Phytagel, which is produced in China (Phytagel C), has replace American-made Phytagel (Phytagel), which is no longer commercially available. In this study, we present the impact of Phytagel produced in the United States vs. China on seedling phenotypic analysis. As a part of this study, an alternative gelling agent has been identified that is capable of reproducing previously published seedling morphometrics. RESULTS

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Word learning in the field: Adapting a laboratory-based task for testing in remote Papua New Guinea.

Karen E Mulak, Hannah S Sarvasy, Alba Tuninetti et al. · 2021 · PLoS ONE

Adapting laboratory psycholinguistic methods to fieldwork contexts can be fraught with difficulties. However, successful implementation of such methods in the field enhances our ability to learn the true extent and limitations of human behavior. This paper reports two attempts to run word learning experiments with the small community of Nungon speakers in Towet village in the Saruwaged Mountains, Papua New Guinea. A first attempt involved running a cross-situational task in which word-object pairings were presented ambiguously in each trial, and an explicit word learning task in which pairings

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Methods Dead-EndOpen accessMedicine

A Comparative Analysis of Serum Sodium Level Utilizing Direct and Indirect Ion Selective Electrode in Critically Ill Patients with Hypoalbuminemia: Methodological Insights and Clinical Implications

Rukhsana Tumrani, S. Sabahat Haider, Mehvish Sana · 2024 · Pakistan Journal of Medical Research

Background: Serum electrolytes are one of the most frequently requested tests in patients from critical care settings. Methodsfor estimation of serum electrolytes include direct and indirect ion selective electrode (ISE). In case of indirect ISE, the pre-analytical dilution step can result in pseudonormonatremia or pseudohypernatremia in setting of hypoalbuminemia. Discrepancy in sodium results can lead to the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of critically ill patients. Objective: To evaluate the difference of mean serum sodium level measured by direct and indirect ISE in critically ill patients

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Large language model bias auditing for periodontal diagnosis using an ambiguity-probe methodology: a pilot study

Teerachate Nantakeeratipat · 2026 · Frontiers in Digital Health

BackgroundLarge Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare holds immense promise yet carries the risk of perpetuating social biases. While artificial intelligence (AI) fairness is a growing concern, a gap exists in understanding how these models perform under conditions of clinical ambiguity, a common feature in real-world practice.MethodsWe conducted a study using an ambiguity-probe methodology with a set of 42 sociodemographic personas and 15 clinical vignettes based on the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases. Ten were clear-cut scenarios with established ground truths, while five were int

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy and safety of azvudine versus nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in cancer patients with COVID-19

Bohan Jia, Junyi Sun, Di Zhu et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Cancer significantly contributes to the unfavorable prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The efficacy and safety of azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) in cancer patients with COVID-19 remain uncertain. Therefore, we designed a comprehensive retrospective study encompassing clinical data of 32,864 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 691 of whom were cancer patients treated with azvudine and 200 were cancer patients treated with Paxlovid. After 2:1 propensity score matching, 397 patients in the azvudine group and 199 patients in the Paxlovid group were enro

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Epidemiological analysis of demographic characteristics and type of injuries in patients with multiple trauma with respect to conclusive treatment outcome

Zagorac Slaviša, Bumbaširević Marko, Lešić Aleksandar et al. · 2008 · Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo

Introduction Multiple trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the population of people under 45 years of age. The consequences of multiple trauma have huge epidemiological, social and economic significance. Objective The aim of the paper was to analyze the conclusive treatment outcome of multiply traumatized patients with respect to their sex, age, injury mechanism and type. METHOD This retrospective study included 100 patients with multiple injuries (ISS>16) treated in the Emergency Room of the Clinical Centre of Serbia in the course of 2004. Clinical, X-ray, laborat

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The effect of body mass index on blood pressure and heart rate in patients undergoing tooth extraction

Levent Cigerim, Erkan Feslihan · 2019 · Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alterations in blood pressure (BP) and variability of heart rate (HR) throughout dental procedures were not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on BP and HR in patients undergoing tooth extraction. METHODS: Based on BMI, 831 patients who underwent single tooth extraction were divided into two groups; group 1: underweight and normal-weight patients, group 2: overweight and obese patients. BP and HR were monitored before local anesthesia and after tooth extraction. For statistical analysis of the data, Number Cruncher

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Caesarean myomectomy in Kano northern Nigeria

Omole-ohonsi A, Ashimi AO · 2008 · Ibom Medical Journal

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of caesarean myomectomy. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of cases of caesarean myomectomy at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, a tertiary health facility in a developing country between January 1998 and December 2004. Outcome Measures: Age and parity of the women, number, size and location of fibroids, duration of operation, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay. Results: Sixteen cases of caesarean myomectomy were done during the study period using the tourniquet method. It i

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

A biomechanical investigation comparing a novel bone cement bridging screw system with conventional treatment methods for Kummell’s disease

Yi Zhan, Huiming Yang, Jiangtao Wang et al. · 2024 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Based on the characteristics of Kummell’s disease (KD) and related anatomical structures of the thoracolumbar spine, a novel bone cement screw system has been designed to effectively avoid the cement loosening and displacement. This experiment aimed to assess the biological effects of the novel bone cement screw system in KD on fresh cadaveric thoracolumbar spine specimens, thereby discussing its potential application value and providing a foundation for clinical implementation. This study employed a total of 50 fresh female adult cadaver specimens. Each specimen underwent extraction

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Early discharge planning in preterm low birth weight babies: A quality improvement project

Amudha Jayanthi Anand, Mei Chien Chua, Siok Hong Khoo et al. · 2017 · Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare

Introduction: Extended hospitalization of low birth weight infants increases risk of medical and psychosocial complications. Our aim was to reduce the length of hospitalization and assess safety and cost savings of discharging infants at a weight of 1900 g instead of 2000 g, as has been the practice. Methods: This is a single-centre, nurse led quality improvement project done at a tertiary neonatal unit in Singapore with primary outcome of reducing average length of stay in selected low birth weight infants. In phase 1, infants with birth weight between 1000 and 1700 g were discharged at 1900

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Nurses Use of Critical Care Pain Observational Tool in Patients with Low Consciousness

Ahmad-Ali Asadi-Noghabi, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Mitra Zolfaghari et al. · 2015 · Oman Medical Journal

Objectives: The diagnosis of pain in patients with low consciousness is a major challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, the use of behavioral tools for pain assessment could be an effective tool to manage pain in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on pain management by nurses using a critical care pain observational tool in patients with a decreased level of consciousness. Methods: Our research used a before and after design to evaluate the ability of nurses to manage pain in patients with low consciousness. A total of 106 ICU nurses were

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

An analysis of the impact of the inclusion of expiration data on the fitting of a predictive pulmonary elastance model

Morton Sophie, Docherty Paul, Dickson Jennifer et al. · 2018 · Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

Mechanical ventilation is a primary therapy for patients with respiratory failure. However, incorrect ventilator settings can cause lung damage. Optimising ventilation while minimising risk is complex in practice. A common lung protective strategy is to titrate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the point of minimum elastance. This process can result in additional available lung volume due to alveolar recruitment but comes with the risk of subjecting the lungs to excessive pressure and lung damage. Predictive elastance models can mitigate this risk by estimating airway pressure at a hi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a multicenter study from Korea

Kyung-Hee Cho, Seol-Hee Baek, Sung-Hee Kim et al. · 2024 · The Journal of Headache and Pain

Abstract Background Currently, there is a relative lack of detailed reports regarding clinical presentation and outcome of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Asians. This study aims to describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes of Korean patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Methods We prospectively recruited patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension from one hospital and retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 11 hospitals in Korea. We collected data regarding preceding medical conditions or suspected medication exposure, headache phenotypes, oth

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Alleviation of temperature stress in maize by integration of foliar applied growth promoting substances and sowing dates.

Irfan Afzal, Shakeel Imran, Talha Javed et al. · 2022 · PLoS ONE

Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity, but its sudden rise can cause severe consequences on crop performances. Early sowing and application of growth promoting agents as a foliar spray can be a sustainable approach to cope with high temperature stress at grain filling stage of cereal crops. Therefore, a test was designed to explore the potential of different growth helping agents including sorghum water extract (SWE, 10 ml L-1), moringa leaf extract (MLE, 3%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2 μM), salicylic acid (SA, 50 mg L-1) and ascorbic acid (ASA, 50 mg L-1) as fo

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Case Report: Extensive digital gangrene as a primary manifestation of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Sonia Rekik, Hela Sahli, Khaoula Zouaoui et al. · 2022 · F1000Research

Background: Digital gangrene is a rare but serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It occurs usually in middle-aged patients with longer disease duration. Case: Herein we report the case of a 56-year-old man (with no history suggestive of Raynaud’s phenomenon, diabetes mellitus, smoking, trauma, infection, or chemical exposure), who presented with SLE and digital gangrene was among the first signs. He presented with a one-month history of joint pain, hair loss, photosensitivity, mouth ulcers, malar rash, dyspnea, and digital pain. Physical examination revealed painful and d

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The efficacy of a range of hygiene measures for boot cleaning to protect natural vegetation from Phytophthora cinnamomi

Edward C. Y. Liew, Maureen Phelan, Keith L. McDougall · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Phytophthora cinnamomi is an oomycete found in the soil and capable of invading the roots of a wide range of host plants globally, potentially killing them and affecting the ecosystems they inhabit. This pathogen is often inadvertently dispersed in natural vegetation on the footwear of humans. A range of equipment is often provided or recommended to be carried for cleaning footwear in places where P. cinnamomi poses a threat to biodiversity. These are typically a brush for mechanically removing soil and/or a disinfectant for killing the pathogen. Despite their widespread use, to our k

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