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Browse the failure-mode index

12,218 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Prenatal maternal antidepressants, anxiety, and depression and offspring DNA methylation: epigenome-wide associations at birth and persistence into early childhood

Andrés Cárdenas, Sabrina Faleschini, Andrea P. Cortés Hidalgo et al. · 2019 · Clinical Epigenetics

BACKGROUND: Maternal mood disorders and their treatment during pregnancy may have effects on the offspring epigenome. We aim to evaluate associations of maternal prenatal antidepressant use, anxiety, and depression with cord blood DNA methylation across the genome at birth and test for persistence of associations in early and mid-childhood blood DNA. METHODS: A discovery phase was conducted in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort study with external replication in an independent cohort, the Generation R Study. In Project Viva, pregnant women were recruited between 1999 and 2002 in East

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Digital AVATAR therapy for distressing voices in psychosis: the phase 2/3 AVATAR2 trial

Philippa Garety, Clementine Edwards, Hassan Jafari et al. · 2024 · Nature Medicine

Distressing voices are a core symptom of psychosis, for which existing treatments are currently suboptimal; as such, new effective treatments for distressing voices are needed. AVATAR therapy involves voice-hearers engaging in a series of facilitated dialogues with a digital embodiment of the distressing voice. This randomized phase 2/3 trial assesses the efficacy of two forms of AVATAR therapy, AVATAR-Brief (AV-BRF) and AVATAR-Extended (AV-EXT), both combined with treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone, and conducted an intention-to-treat analysis. We recruited 345 participants with p

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Phylogeographic Pattern and Extensive Mitochondrial DNA Divergence Disclose a Species Complex within the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma dimidiata

Fernando A. Monteiro, Т. Е. Перетолчина, Cristiano Lazoski et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: Triatoma dimidiata is among the main vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America. However, and despite important advances, there is no consensus about the taxonomic status of phenotypically divergent T. dimidiata populations, which in most recent papers are regarded as subspecies. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: A total of 126 cyt b sequences (621 bp long) were produced for specimens from across the species range. Forty-seven selected specimens representing the main cyt b clades observed (after a preliminary phylogenetic analysis) were also sequenced for an ND4 fragment (554 bp long) and

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Mesenchymal stem cells internalize Mycobacterium tuberculosis through scavenger receptors and restrict bacterial growth through autophagy

Arshad Khan, Lovepreet K. Mann, Ramesha Papanna et al. · 2017 · Scientific Reports

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express scavenger receptors that internalize lipids, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We report that MSCs phagocytose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) through two types of scavenger receptors (SRs; MARCO and SR-B1), as blockade of the receptors with antibodies or siRNA knockdown decreased the uptake of Mtb. MSCs also expressed mannose receptor (MR) that was found to endocytose rhodamine-labeled mannosylated BSA (rMBSA), though the receptor was not involved in the uptake of Mtb. Dil-oxLDL and rMBSA taken up into MSC endosomes colocalized wi

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Multifaceted innate immune responses engaged by astrocytes, microglia and resident dendritic cells against Chikungunya neuroinfection

Trina Das, Jean‐Jacques Hoarau, Marie Christine Jaffar Bandjee et al. · 2014 · Journal of General Virology

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has recently affected millions of people in the Indian Ocean, with rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis occurring in neonates. In the study described herein, the capacity of mouse brain cells to control…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Increased Coronary Artery Plaque Volume Among Male Marathon Runners.

Robert S. Schwartz, Stacia Merkel Kraus, Jonathan Schwartz et al. · 2014 · PubMed

BACKGROUND: Long-term marathon running improves many cardiovascular risk factors, and is presumed to protect against coronary artery plaque formation. This hypothesis, that long-term marathon running is protective against coronary…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Poorly Differentiated Colorectal Cancers

Haitao Xiao, Yong Sik Yoon, Seung‐Mo Hong et al. · 2013 · American Journal of Clinical Pathology

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of microsatellite instability (MSI) with clinicopathologic features and oncologic outcomes in patients with poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (PD). METHODS: Study patients were divided into…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Micropapillary Bladder Cancer: Insights from the National Cancer Database

Wilson Sui, Justin T. Matulay, Maxwell B. James et al. · 2016 · Bladder Cancer

Introduction: Micropapillary bladder cancer (MPBC) is a variant histology of urothelial carcinoma (UC) that is associated with poor outcomes however given its rarity, little is known outside of institutional reports. We sought to use a…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Influence of Body Position on Defecation in Humans

Ryuji Sakakibara, Kuniko Tsunoyama, H Hosoi et al. · 2010 · LUTS Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

OBJECTIVES: To compare three positions for defecation by measuring abdominal pressure and the anorectal angle simultaneously. METHODS: We recruited six healthy volunteers. The videomanometric measures included simultaneous fluoroscopic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

MS Sunshine Study: Sun Exposure But Not Vitamin D Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Blacks and Hispanics

Annette Langer‐Gould, Robyn Lucas, Anny H. Xiang et al. · 2018 · Nutrients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels vary by race/ethnicity. We examined the consistency of beneficial effects of 25OHD and/or sun exposure for MS risk across multiple racial/ethnic groups. We recruited incident MS cases and controls (blacks 116 cases/131 controls; Hispanics 183/197; whites 247/267) from the membership of Kaiser Permanente Southern California into the MS Sunshine Study to simultaneously examine sun exposure and 25OHD, accounting for genetic ancestry and other factors. Higher lifetime ultraviolet radiation exposure (a rigorous measure o

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Untangling glycaemia and mortality in critical care

Vincent Uyttendaele, Jennifer L. Dickson, Geoffrey M. Shaw et al. · 2017 · Critical Care

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia is associated with adverse outcomes in the intensive care unit, and initial studies suggested outcome benefits of glycaemic control (GC). However, subsequent studies often failed to replicate these results, and they were often unable to achieve consistent, safe control, raising questions about the benefit or harm of GC as well as the nature of the association of glycaemia with mortality and clinical outcomes. In this study, we evaluated if non-survivors are harder to control than survivors and determined if glycaemic outcome is a function of patient condition and eve

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Genetic evidence that lower circulating FSH levels lengthen menstrual cycle, increase age at menopause and impact female reproductive health

Katherine S. Ruth, Robin N. Beaumont, Jessica Tyrrell et al. · 2016 · Human Reproduction

STUDY QUESTION: How does a genetic variant in the FSHB promoter, known to alter FSH levels, impact female reproductive health? SUMMARY ANSWER: The T allele of the FSHB promoter polymorphism (rs10835638; c.-211G>T) results in longer menstrual cycles and later menopause and, while having detrimental effects on fertility, is protective against endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The FSHB promoter polymorphism (rs10835638; c.-211G>T) affects levels of FSHB transcription and, as a result, circulating levels of FSH. FSH is required for normal fertility and genetic variants at the FSHB locus are as

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Randomized Phase III Study of Thoracic Radiation in Combination With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin With or Without Thalidomide in Patients With Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The ECOG 3598 Study

Tien Hoang, Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Joan H. Schiller et al. · 2012 · Journal of Clinical Oncology

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to compare the survival of patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with combined chemoradiotherapy with or without thalidomide. PATIENTS AND METHODS:…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: a multistep global consensus process

Helena J Teede, Mahnaz Bahri Khomami, Rachel Morman et al. · 2026 · The Lancet

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), previously named polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), affects one in eight women. However, the term PCOS is inaccurate, implying pathological ovarian cysts, obscuring diverse endocrine and metabolic features, and contributing to delayed diagnosis, fragmented care, and stigma, while curtailing research and policy framing. Building on an international mandate for change, we outline an unprecedented, rigorous, multistep global consensus process for the name change. Funding and governance were established with engagement of 56 leading academic, clinica

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Mass spectrometry analysis of adipose-derived stem cells reveals a significant effect of hypoxia on pathways regulating extracellular matrix

Simone Riis Porsborg, Allan Stensballe, Jeppe Emmersen et al. · 2016 · Stem Cell Research & Therapy

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are being increasingly recognized for their potential to promote tissue regeneration and wound healing. These effects appear to be partly mediated by paracrine signaling pathways, and are enhanced during hypoxia. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a valuable tool for proteomic profiling of cultured ASCs, which may help to reveal the identity of the factors secreted by the cells under different conditions. However, serum starvation which is essentially required to obtain samples compatible with secretome analysis by MS can have a significant influence on ASC

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Hemodialysis Patients with Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Chingping Wan, Charles A. Herzog, Wojciech Zaręba et al. · 2013 · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology

BACKGROUND: The survival outcome following a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is poor regardless of whether an event takes place in or out of a dialysis center. The characteristics of SCA and post-SCA survival with HD patients using a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) are unknown. METHODS: All HD patients who were prescribed a WCD between 2004 and 2011 and experienced at least one SCA event were included in this study. Demographics, clinical background, characteristics of SCA events were identified from the manufacturer's database. An SCA event was defined as a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Performance and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National Hockey League Players

Brandon J. Erickson, Joshua D. Harris, Brian J. Cole et al. · 2014 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a significant injury in male National Hockey League (NHL) players. PURPOSE: To determine (1) the return to sport (RTS) rate in the NHL following ACL reconstruction, (2) performance on…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Association between circulating vitamin E and ten common cancers: evidence from large-scale Mendelian randomization analysis and a longitudinal cohort study

Junyi Xin, Xia Jiang, Shuai Ben et al. · 2022 · BMC Medicine

BACKGROUND: The association between vitamin E and cancer risk has been widely investigated by observational studies, but the findings remain inconclusive. Here, we aimed to evaluate the causal effect of circulating vitamin E on the risk of ten common cancers, including bladder, breast, colorectal, esophagus, lung, oral and pharynx, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and kidney cancer. METHODS: A Mendelian randomization (MR) analytic framework was applied to data from a cancer-specific genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising a total of 297,699 cancer cases and 304,736 controls of European a

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A double-blind, randomized, multicenter phase 2 study of prasugrel versus placebo in adult patients with sickle cell disease

Ted Wun, Denis Soulières, Andrew L. Frelinger et al. · 2013 · Journal of Hematology & Oncology

BACKGROUND: Platelet activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD) suggesting antiplatelet agents may be therapeutic. To evaluate the safety of prasugrel, a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, in adult patients with SCD, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. METHODS: The primary endpoint, safety, was measured by hemorrhagic events requiring medical intervention. Patients were randomized to prasugrel 5 mg daily (n = 41) or placebo (n = 21) for 30 days. Platelet function by VerifyNow® P2Y12 and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein as

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

Karol Sadowski, Adrianna Jażdżewska, Jan Kozłowski et al. · 2024 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in the adult population, with an average survival of 12.1 to 14.6 months. The standard treatment, combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is not as efficient as we would like. However, the current possibilities are no longer limited to the standard therapies due to rapid advancements in biotechnology. New methods enable a more precise approach by targeting individual cells and antigens to overcome cancer. For the treatment of glioblastoma, these are gamma knife therapy, proton beam therapy, tumor-treating fields, EGFR and

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Erythropoietin Produced in a Human Cell Line (Dynepo) Has Significant Differences in Glycosylation Compared with Erythropoietins Produced in CHO Cell Lines

Zahra Shahrokh, Louise Royle, Radka Saldova et al. · 2010 · Molecular Pharmaceutics

Recombinant human erythropoietin has been used to treat anemia associated with chronic renal disease. This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of Dynepo and three other commercial erythropoiesis stimulating agents, Eprex,…

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