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Browse the failure-mode index

12,244 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Red cell distribution width in relation to incidence of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis: a population-based cohort study.

Martin Söderholm, Yan Borné, Bo Hedblad et al. · 2015 · PLoS ONE

Increased red cell distribution width (RDW) has been related to poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease, and is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if RDW is associated with increased incidence of stroke and its subtypes in individuals from the general population.Red cell distribution width was measured in 26,879 participants (16,561 women and 10,318 men aged 45-73 years) without history of coronary events or stroke, from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Incidences of total stroke

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Gut Microbiome and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Unchanged by 18 Months of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation among Young Children in Lusaka, Zambia.

Lauer, Leng, Chembe et al. · 2026 · The British journal of nutrition

Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been shown to improve growth, development, and survival among young children in low-resource settings. One hypothesized pathway is through improvements in intestinal health,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Two Serial Hematocrit Level Just After Admission to Predict Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Severity

Fauziyyah Ramadhani, Mohammad Ghozali, Leni Lismayanti · 2018 · Global Medical & Health Communication

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still the leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in Indonesia because of plasma leakage leading to shock syndromes. This study aimed to associate the hematocrit difference (first and second) from serial hematocrit (Hct) examination just after admission with DHF severity. A analytical cross-sectional study was involving medical records of pediatric patients with DHF admitted at the pediatric ward and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in January–December 2015. The subjects excluded if other

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Do economic shocks spread randomly?: A topological study of the global contagion network.

Tamás Sebestyén, Zita Iloskics · 2020 · PLoS ONE

The spread of economic shocks in an increasingly interconnected global economy has been subject to several studies recently. These studies mostly focus on the synchronization of business cycles among economies and search for the relationship between trade linkages and shock contagion. In contrast to previous studies in the field, this paper focuses on the topological properties of the shock contagion network as measured by pairwise Granger causality between economic output of countries. This topological approach can bring new insights into the dynamics of contagion and the relationship between

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community pharmacists regarding obesity management: A cross-sectional study

Haure Osman Muhammad Hamadamin, Samir Mahmood Othman · 2026 · Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences

Background and objective: Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat that presents significant health risks. Community pharmacists, for instance, are highly accessible and often serve as the first point of contact for patients seeking advice on weight management. This study aims to fill a research gap by evaluating community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to obesity and weight management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 331 community pharmacists among different pharmacy settings in Erbil

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Macrophage numbers in the marginal area of sarcomas predict clinical prognosis

Michinobu Umakoshi, Akiko Nakamura, Hiroyuki Tsuchie et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Even when treated comprehensively by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, soft-tissue sarcoma has an unfavorable outcome. Because soft-tissue sarcoma is rare, it is the subject of fewer clinicopathological studies, which are important for clarifying pathophysiology. Here, we examined tumor-associated macrophages in the intratumoral and marginal areas of sarcomas to increase our knowledge about the pathophysiology. Seventy-five sarcoma specimens (not limited to a single histological type), resected at our institution, were collected, and the number of CD68-, CD163-, and CD204-posit

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Study of sociodemographic factors and perceptions of women in the reproductive age group with anaemia – A hospital-based cross-sectional study in South India

N Bushra Thasneem, Resmi S. Kaimal, Abdul Hakeem Thengu Murichathil · 2025 · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Introduction: Anaemia is one of the significant public health problems faced by developing countries. It occurs more frequently in women of childbearing age. Anaemia causes poor work capacity, and severe forms may even cause cardiac failure. In pregnant women, anaemia may lead to preterm labour, low-birth-weight babies, and increased risk of maternal mortality due to post-partum haemorrhage. Even though there are national programmes to supply iron free of cost and other measures to tackle anaemia, it is still prevalent in our country. Anaemia prevalence has increased between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5,

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Population-based cohort study: proton pump inhibitor use during pregnancy in Sweden and the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse events

Esmee M. Breddels, Johanna Simin, Romina Fornes et al. · 2022 · BMC Medicine

Abstract Background Approximately half of all women suffer from heartburn at some stage during pregnancy. The most effective treatment is proton pump inhibitors, but the safety of use during pregnancy cannot be guaranteed. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of proton pump inhibitors on the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, an Apgar score at 5 min below 7, and a child being small or large for its gestational age. Methods This Swedish population-based study included 1,089,514 live singleton deliveries between July 2006 and December 2016 in Sweden. Multipl

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Left Atrial Volume and Strain by Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Healthy Subjects: Reference Values are Not Interchangeable.

Li L, You C, Yan X et al. · 2026 · Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)

Background Little is known about the differences in left atrial (LA) volume and strain assessed with two-dimensional (2DE) and three-dimensional echocardiography(3DE). Therefore, this study aimed to compare 2DE and 3DE parameters in…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Prognostic Value of Serum Concentrations of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 in Dermal Burn Injuries Among Pediatric Patients.

Kralj R, Barčot Z, Kurtanjek M et al. · 2026 · Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether a significant correlation exists between the relative decline in serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) between the third and eighth days after injury…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Is prenatal testosterone-estrogen balance related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A case-control study using digit ratio (2D:4D).

Yaka H, Küçükşen MF, Adem A et al. · 2026 · Early human development

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism, with females up to ten times more likely than males to develop curves exceeding 30°, strongly implicating sex hormone signalling in its pathogenesis. The…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Qualitative Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion in Post Stroke Seizure Patients using Arterial Spin Labeling: A Case-control Study

Anjali B Susan, Uttam B George, Jeyaraj D Pandian · 2022 · Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research

Introduction: Arterial Spin Labeling-Perfusion Weighted Imaging (ASL-PWI) assesses cerebral blood flow using magnetically labeled inflowing arterial blood water protons as freely diffusible tracer without exogenous contrast agent. Seizures are one of the sequelae of stroke with its mechanism not well studied. Aim: Qualitative assessment of cerebral perfusion in post stroke seizure patients using ASL-PWI and comparison of perfusion patterns in post stroke seizure patients and stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study among 100 stroke patients who underwent Magnetic R

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Frequency of Raised Intraocular Pressure after Nd: Yag Laser Capsulotomy in Pseudophakic Patients

Zoya maqsood , Shahid Jamal Siddiqui, Nimarta Bai et al. · 2025 · Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences

Objective: To determine the frequency of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) following neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy in pseudophakic patients and to compare outcomes between high- and low-energy procedures. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Khairpur Medical College / Civil Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan from April to September 2024. A total of 139 pseudophakic patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO) undergoing Nd:YAG capsulotomy were enrolled. Baseline demographic and clinical dat

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: facts and figures from a tertiary care center

Nissar Shaikh, Huda Al Mahdi, Anant Pai et al. · 2022 · Annals of Medicine

Introduction COVID-19 patients presenting with ocular manifestations are from 0.8% to 32% of patients seen in the ED. The available literature is scarce regarding COVID-19 patients presenting with ocular manifestations from the Middle Eastern region. Purpose This study aims to report the incidence of ocular signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients and find any correlation between the occurrence of ocular manifestations and patients’ comorbidities. Methods All patients having the primary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and concurrent ocular manifestations on admission to our tertiary COVID-19 he

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Discordance in gender role attitudes between spouses and its relationship with the risk biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: a couple-level analysis

Kiho Sung, Junsol Kim, Yeong-Ran Park et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent among older adults, but studies often focus on individual spouses rather than couple dynamics. This study examines how interplay between spouses—specifically discordance in gender role attitudes—relates to CVD risk biomarkers, using couple-matched data from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) on 308 older married couples (616 individuals). Actor-partner interdependence models (APIM) reveal that discordant gender role attitudes are significantly associated with higher CVD risk markers—higher systolic blood pressure, higher

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A U-shaped association between blood selenium levels and prostate cancer: findings of a case-control study among Nigerian men

Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu, Nwakasi Nnamah, Jude A. Onuegbu et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Abstract The ability of selenium to both prevent and induce cancer at varying biological concentrations has been reported in previous studies. We studied the associations between selenium exposure and prostate diseases such as prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and estimated the optimal range of selenium concentrations that may be needed to prevent these diseases among Nigerian men. Blood and urine samples from men with histologically diagnosed PCa (n = 90), BPH (n = 97), and controls (n = 98) were analyzed for trace elements, including selenium. The associations bet

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

From Conspiracy to Hesitancy: The Longitudinal Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Perceived Vaccine Effectiveness

Camila Salazar-Fernández, María José Baeza-Rivera, Diego Manríquez-Robles et al. · 2023 · Vaccines

The embrace of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine conspiracies has been linked to vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and perceived vaccine effectiveness. The study utilized a longitudinal follow-up study in which adults in Chile completed surveys in December 2020 (T1) and May 2021 (T2). The psychometric properties of the five-item instrument on conspiracy theories for the COVID-19 vaccine were evaluated using data from T1 ( n = 578). A confirmatory one-factor structure with suitable indicators of reliability

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Changing the antibiotic prescribing of Australian general practice registrars’ for acute respiratory tract infections: a non-randomized controlled trial

Alexandria Turner, Mieke L van Driel, Ben Mitchell et al. · 2025 · Family Practice

Abstract Background Inappropriate antibiotic prescription for self-limiting respiratory tract infections (RTIs) by general practitioner (GP) registrars (trainees) is less common than by established GPs but still exceeds evidence-based…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment and adverse birth outcomes

Lauren S. Keenan-Devlin, Ann E. B. Borders, Alexa Freedman et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Exposure to traumatic events during pregnancy may influence pregnancy and birth outcomes. Growing evidence suggests that exposure to traumatic events well before pregnancy, such as childhood maltreatment (CM), also may influence the course of pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes. We aimed to estimate associations between maternal CM exposure and small-for-gestational-age birth (SGA) and preterm birth (PTB) in a diverse US sample, and to examine whether common CM-associated health and behavioral sequelae either moderate or mediate these associations. The Measurement of Maternal

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Quality of life and severity of symptoms among patients with various degrees of reflux esophagitis: a prospective study

Amir Mari, Wasef Na’amnih, Loay Ghantous et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause erosive esophagitis (EE) and compromise the quality of life (QoL). We examined differences in symptom severity and QoL according to EE severity grade. A follow-up study was conducted among GERD patients at the Nazareth Hospital in Israel. Patients underwent a baseline gastroscopy in 2014–2020 during which the EE grade was determined using the Los Angeles classification. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted during 2019–2020 with a mean time interval of 18.9 months (SD = 14.9) after the baseline gastroscopy to assess GERD sympto

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Food insecurity and early childhood development among children 24-59 months in Nigeria: A multilevel mixed effects modelling of the social determinants of health inequities.

Otobo I Ujah, Omojo C Adaji, Innocent A O Ujah et al. · 2025 · PLoS ONE

Food insecurity (FI) has been identified as a determinant of child development, yet evidence quantifying this association using the newly developed Early Childhood Development Index 2030 (ECDI2030) remains limited. Herein, we provide national estimates of early childhood development (ECD) risks using the ECDI2030 and examined to what extent FI was associated with ECD among children aged 24-59 months in Nigeria. This population based cross-sectional analyses used data from the UNICEF-supported 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Nigeria. The analytic sample comprised children aged 24-59 m

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

MMP-2 and MMP-9 as prognostic factors in ischaemic stroke

Justyna Zielińska-Turek, Grzegorz Turek, Dominika Jakubowicz-Lachowska et al. · 2016 · Aktualności Neurologiczne

Objectives: No widely available, adequately sensitive diagnostic test to establish prognosis in stroke patients has been developed thus far. The aim of this study was to analyse changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 as potential prognostic factors in patients with ischaemic stroke. Methods: The study included 56 patients presenting with the signs of ischaemic stroke for less than 24 hours, and 60 healthy controls without a history of neurological and/or inflammatory disorders. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined immunoenzymatically at admission (i.e. within 24 hours

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Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

Vitamin D supplementation on prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

Md Habibul Ghani, Md. Shahed Morshed, Tahniyah Haq et al. · 2023 · Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal

Hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/mL) is thought to increase insulin resistance and meta-inflammation contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Correcting vitamin D deficiency in people with prediabetes might halt its progression to DM. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance, glycemic status, and inflammation in prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency. This doubleblind randomized placebo-controlled trial was done among 27 newly detected prediabetic adults with hypovitaminosis D randomly assigned to 60,000 IU of vitamin

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effectiveness of telemonitoring integrated into existing clinical services on hospital admission for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: researcher blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

H. Pinnock, J. Hanley, L. McCloughan et al. · 2013 · British medical journal

Objective To test the effectiveness of telemonitoring integrated into existing clinical services such that intervention and control groups have access to the same clinical care. Design Researcher blind, multicentre, randomised controlled…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Statement on chronotherapy for the treatment of hypertension: consensus document from the Korean society of hypertension

Sungha Park, Sang-Hyun Ihm, In-Jeong Cho et al. · 2023 · Clinical Hypertension

Abstract Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) has been shown to have a significant predictive value for cardiovascular disease. In some cases, it has a superior predictive value for future cardiovascular outcomes than daytime BP. As efficacy of BP medications wanes during nighttime and early morning, control of nocturnal hypertension and morning hypertension can be difficult. As such, chronotherapy, the dosing of BP medication in the evening, has been an ongoing topic of interest in the field of hypertension. Some studies have shown that chronotherapy is effective in reducing nocturnal BP, improving

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease

Vera Dias, Eunsung Junn, M. Maral Mouradian · 2013 · Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential in neurons interfere with several biological processes, ultimately leading to cell death. Evidence has been developed for oxidative and nitrative damage to key cellular components in the PD substantia nigra. A number of sources and mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized including the metabolism of dopamine itself, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron, neuroinflammatory cells, calcium

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