Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Nicholas Murphy, Alison Killen, Rajnish Kumar Gupta et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Neurology
Visual hallucinations (VH) are a common symptom of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), affecting up to 65% of cases. Integrative models of their etiology posit that a decline in executive control of the visuo-perceptual system is a primary mechanism of VH generation. The role of bottom-up processing in the manifestation of VH in this condition is still not clear although visual evoked potential (VEP) differences have been associated with VH at an earlier stage of PD. Here we compared the amplitude and latency pattern reversal VEPs in healthy controls ( n = 21) and PDD patients ( n = 34) w
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Jacob A. Westerberg, Pieter R. Roelfsema · 2025 · Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Perceptual experience depends on recurrent interactions between lower and higher cortices. One theory, predictive coding, posits that feedback from higher to lower brain regions decreases neuronal activity predicted by higher-level representations. Despite the widespread adoption of predictive coding in neuroscience, the correspondence to neurophysiological findings in sensory cortices remains elusive. Here, we review how the canonical patterns of intra- and inter-cortical interactions that occur during perception and shifts of attention deviate from those predicted by predictive coding. We ar
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience
Brent A Bushey, Victor H Auld, John E Volk et al. · 2011 · PubMed
This study examined whether combining lipid emulsion and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) improves survival in an unanesthetized swine model of bupivacaine- and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular collapse. Arterial and venous catheters and…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Yanyu Bao, Guoying Miao, Nannan He et al. · 2026 · Biology
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key early pathological process in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), leading to oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and neuronal apoptosis prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Although mitochondria represent important therapeutic targets, effective interventions targeting mitochondrial function remain limited. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms by which melatonin protects mitochondria and evaluates its therapeutic relevance, with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease-the ma
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Madhur Mangalam · 2025 · European Journal of Applied Physiology
The Bayesian brain hypothesis-the idea that neural systems implement or approximate Bayesian inference-has become a dominant framework in cognitive neuroscience over the past two decades. While mathematically elegant and conceptually unifying, this paper argues that the hypothesis occupies an ambiguous territory between useful metaphor and testable, biologically plausible mechanistic explanation. We critically examine the key claims of the Bayesian brain hypothesis, highlighting issues of unfalsifiability, biological implausibility, and inconsistent empirical support. The framework's remarkabl
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
James W. Antony · 2026
Abstract Some neural representations change across multiple timescales. Here we argue that modeling this “drift” could help explain the spacing effect (the long-term benefit of distributed learning), whereby differences between stored and current temporal context activity patterns produce greater error-driven learning. We trained a neurobiologically realistic model of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus to learn paired associates alongside temporal context vectors that drifted between learning episodes and/or before final retention intervals. In line with spacing effects, greater drift led t
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Christopher J. Wertz, Faith M Hanlon, Nicholas A. Shaff et al. · 2018 · Schizophrenia Bulletin
Inhibitory failure represents a core dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia (SP), which has predominantly been tested in the literature using reactive (ie, altering behavior after a stimulus) rather than proactive (ie, purposefully…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Jorge Escudero, Judit Gonzalvo, Maria-Dolors Piulachs et al. · 2025 · PLoS Genetics
Insect metamorphosis occurs in two main forms, hemimetaboly (simple) and holometaboly (complete), both regulated by hormonal and genetic pathways involving the transcription factors Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), Broad-Complex (BR-C), and Ecdysone-induced protein 93F (E93). The BTB-zinc finger protein Chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo), recently identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, an holometabolan, as a larval state maintainer, was studied here in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, an hemimetabolan. We also examined another BTB transcription factor, Abrup
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Lulu Ai, Zhiwei Li, Huipeng Huang et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Objective While emerging evidence links glymphatic dysfunction to cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), its clinical relevance remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among glymphatic function, perivascular space (PVS), and cognitive performance in CSVD. Methods We enrolled 120 CSVD patients [52 with no cognitive impairment (CSVD-NCI) and 68 with mild cognitive impairment (CSVD-MCI)] and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Glymphatic function was assessed using the left ALPS index derived from diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). G
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Tjaša Mlinarič, Arne Van Den Kerchove, Zoe I. Barinaga et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two major causes of dementia, with overlapping clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. We investigated whether resting-state EEG functional connectivity could distinguish AD, FTD, and healthy controls (HC) using a stacked ensemble learning approach. A publicly available dataset (openneuro.org/datasets/ds004504) was used to extract multiple connectivity metrics across frequency bands. Base classifiers were trained using the Fisher’s Geodesic Minimum Distance to Mean (FgMDM) approach with Euclidean or Riemannian dis
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Eva Sclabassi, Sophie Peret, Chunqi Qian et al. · 2025 · Biomedicines
Background and Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neuro-developmental condition characterized by social communication deficits, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Pharmacological management is challenging given the complex neurobiology and frequent comorbidities. This review summarizes the current evidence for pharmacological treatments in ASD, highlighting efficacy, mechanisms, limitations, and emerging therapeutic targets. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify clinical trials, s
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience
Linda Liu, Zachary Burchill, Michael K. Tanenhaus et al. · 2017 · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Sentence understanding is affected by recent experience. Animportant open question is whether this reflects adaptationto the statistics of the input. Support for this hypothesiscomes from the recent finding that listeners can…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Elena Krugliakova, Friederike Breuer, Nico Adelhöfer et al. · 2025 · Physiological Reviews
Sleep is essentially contributing to human health and well-being through multiple biological functions, including restoration and biosynthesis, brain clearance, energy metabolism, immunological and endocrine processing, synaptic…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Dawn Finzi, Eshed Margalit, Kendrick Kay et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
Human visual cortex is organized into dorsal, lateral, and ventral streams. A long-standing hypothesis is that the functional organization into streams emerged to support distinct visual behaviors. Here, we compare neural network-based…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Magdalena Sabat, Bartosz Haładus, Michał Klincewicz et al. · 2022 · Scientific Reports
The perceived duration of an interval depends on numerous aspects of the passed event both endogenous, including physiological arousal, level of wakefulness, attention, and surprise, as well as exogenous such as valence, salience, or context in the environment. There is some evidence that "time-giving" cues from the environment (zeitgebers) are coupled with time perception. The movement of the sun on the horizon was demonstrated to affect interval perception in a study conducted by Schatzschneider et al. (2016) claiming that the sun's motion is a zeitgeber that influences time perception. In t
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience
Diane Pecher, Heleen van Mierlo, Rouwen Cañal‐Bruland et al. · 2015 · Journal of Experimental Psychology General
Slepian, Masicampo, Toosi, and Ambady (2012, Experiment 1) reported that participants who recalled a big secret estimated a hill as steeper than participants who recalled a small secret. This finding was interpreted as evidence that…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Surya Prakash, Aritra Das, Sidrat Tasawoor Kanth et al. · 2021 · Cerebral Cortex
Local field potentials (LFPs) in visual cortex are reliably modulated when the subject's focus of attention is cued into versus out of the receptive field of the recorded sites, similar to modulation of spikes. However, human psychophysics…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Gonzalo Olmedo‐Saura, E Bernardi, Lidia Bojtos et al. · 2025 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Huntington's disease (HD) is the most common autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a triad of motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. While recent efforts have focused on developing disease-modifying therapies, no treatment has yet demonstrated clinical efficacy. As a result, symptomatic treatment remains the cornerstone of care. However, high-quality evidence from large randomized trials is limited, and therapeutic decisions must rely on clinical expertise and extrapolation from other neurological or psychiatric conditions. This narrative
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Louis Roberts, Juho Äijälä, Florian Bürger et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
The cortex generates diverse neural dynamics, ranging from broadband fluctuations to narrowband oscillations at specific frequencies. Here, we investigated whether broadband and oscillatory dynamics play different roles in the encoding and transmission of visual information. We used information-theoretical measures to dissociate neural signals sharing common information (i.e., redundancy) from signals encoding complementary information (i.e., synergy). We analyzed electrocorticography (ECoG) and local field potentials (LFP) in the visual cortex of human and non-human primates (macaque) to inve
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Amanda Zieselman, Jonathan Fisher, Ting Hu et al. · 2014 · BioData Mining
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of progressive dementia and there is currently no known cure. The cause of onset is not fully understood but genetic factors are expected to play a significant role. We present here a bioinformatics approach to the genetic analysis of grey matter density as an endophenotype for late onset Alzheimer's disease. Our approach combines machine learning analysis of gene-gene interactions with large-scale functional genomics data for assessing biological relationships. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant synergistic interaction among t
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Marek Franěk, Jan Petružálek · 2025 · Scientific Reports
A number of eye-tracking studies have shown that viewing natural environments is associated with reduced eye movement activity compared with viewing built environments. This has been linked to the cognitive benefits of viewing nature and…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience
Nikoletta Symeonidou, Beatrice G. Kuhlmann · 2021 · Cognition & Emotion
Emotion-enhanced memory (EEM) describes the robust memory advantage of emotional over non-emotional stimuli. While extensively investigated with emotional items, it is unclear whether the EEM effect extends to source memory for a neutral…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Toshiaki Taoka, Rintaro Ito, Rei Nakamichi et al. · 2026 · Japanese Journal of Radiology
Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) was originally developed and defined as a noninvasive diffusion MRI method intended to evaluate glymphatic function and is now widely used in neuroimaging research. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the biological meaning of the ALPS index is more complex than initially assumed as a simple marker of glymphatic function. The ALPS index does not directly measure whole-brain fluid transport but rather reflects localized directional diffusivity based on the Brownian motion of water molecules. Its value is strongly i
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Valdemar Brimnes Ingemann Johansen, Anna Katrina Jógvansdóttir Gradel, Stephanie Kjærulff Holm et al. · 2025 · Cell Reports Medicine
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an endogenous antagonist and inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor, countering ghrelin's effects on cell signaling and feeding. However, despite an emerging interest in LEAP2's…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Sabine Willems, Vasily Morozov, Julian A. Marschner et al. · 2025 · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
The ligand-activated transcription factors of the NR4A family are implicated as promising drug targets with neuroprotective and anticancer potential and attract strong attention in drug discovery. Several NR4A modulators have been…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Nic Glewwe, Evan M. Dastin-van Rijn, Cathy S. Chen et al. · 2026 · Neuropsychopharmacology
Cognitive flexibility can be defined as the ability to adaptively shift between choices or strategies based on environmental feedback. Flexibility is disrupted in numerous neuropsychiatric conditions. Individual differences in the computations supporting cognitive flexibility may reveal mechanisms of neuropsychiatric risk and resilience. One critical variable well known to influence individual differences in neuropsychiatric risk is sex. While previous research has identified sex differences in value based decision making in mice, whether sex reflects a major source of variation in cognitive f
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience
Ryan J. Farrell, S. Thomas Hennigan, Kirsten G. Bredvik et al. · 2026 · The Journal of General Physiology
The ER is an important regulator of Ca2+ in cells and dysregulation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis can lead to numerous pathologies. Understanding how various pharmacological and genetic perturbations of ER Ca2+ homeostasis impact cellular…
View details →