Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Zehua Dong, Lianlian Wu, Hongliu Du et al. · 2026 · Gastroenterology
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Evidence about the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on upper endoscopy in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is lacking. We aimed to explore whether AI can enhance gastric neoplasm detection. METHODS: Participants from 24 hospitals in China from December 21, 2021, to November 11, 2023, were randomized to AI-assisted or nonassisted esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Primary outcome was detection rate of gastric neoplasms after pathologic review. Secondary outcomes included detection rate of gastric neoplasms before review, relative early gastric cancer detection ratio,
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Michael Harrison Storandt, Frank A. Sinicrope · 2026 · BMJ Oncology
The treatment paradigm for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) has evolved substantially in recent years. Universal mismatch repair testing and broad use of next-generation sequencing have increased the detection of…
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Lene Bjerke Laborie, Jennifer Lee, Edward Antram et al. · 2026 · European Radiology
OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aims to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models designed for adults when applied to paediatric imaging datasets without additional adaptations, and to quantify performance degradation across different modalities, use-cases and age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted covering 10 years (1/01/2014-23/06/2025) using terms relating to "child", "adult", "artificial intelligence", "radiology" and "validation/performance". Two reviewers independently extracted data using standardised templates and conducted a narrativ
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Gavin Giovannoni, Gavin Giovannoni, Laura M. Airas et al. · 2026 · The Lancet
BACKGROUND: The ORATORIO trial showed that ocrelizumab reduced the risk of disability progression versus placebo in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). We aimed to elucidate the effect of ocrelizumab in older and more disabled patients with PPMS, particularly regarding hand function preservation. METHODS: ORATORIO-HAND was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study with 138 sites across 22 countries. Patients with PPMS aged 18-65 years and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 3·0-8·0 were randomly assigned 1:1 to intravenous
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Приходько Вероника Александровна, Sergey V. Okovityi · 2026 · Biomedicines
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by an exceptionally high global prevalence that is projected to continue rising in the near future. MASLD is strongly associated with a spectrum of cardiometabolic risk factors, and may itself, in turn, contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This interconnection warrants the development of integrated treatment strategies targeting shared pathophysiological processes and addressing both hepatic, metabolic, and cardiovascular outcomes. In this work, we review the modern MASLD clinical development pip
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Shangkai Gao, Léa Décarie-Spain, Cindy Gu et al. · 2026 · Comprehensive physiology
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a nutrient-responsive hormone classically associated with glucose homeostasis and food intake control, yet its receptor is broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) in circuits governing complex cognitive processes. Here, we synthesize emerging evidence from preclinical models and human studies demonstrating that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling modulates multiple cognitive domains, including reward and motivational processes relevant to obesity and substance use disorder, affective-related behaviors, and learning and memory. We propose a
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Yüksel Erkin, Erkan Özduran, İlhan Celil Özbek et al. · 2026 · PLoS ONE
Patients seeking information about Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS), which affects a large segment of the population, are increasingly turning to AI-based chatbots as an alternative to traditional methods. However, the medical accuracy of the content offered by these digital platforms, as well as its suitability to the "grade 6 reading level" standard, which determines its comprehensibility by patients, is a critical point of uncertainty. This study aims to fill this significant gap in the literature by systematically comparing MPS content generated by different AI models using readability indic
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Michael J. Corley, Varun B. Dwaraka, Alina P.S. Pang et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have attracted interest as gerotherapeutics, yet clinical-trial evidence for their effects on biological aging is lacking. We report a post hoc exploratory epigenetic age analysis of a 32-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (NCT04019197) of semaglutide in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipohypertrophy (semaglutide n = 45; placebo n = 39). The parent trial's primary endpoint was change in visceral adipose tissue, with secondary cardiometabolic and body-composition endpoints; epigenetic agi
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Hyunmin Yu, Jacqueline Margo Brooks Carthon, Linda H. Aiken et al. · 2026 · Research in Nursing & Health
The Pathway to Excellence (Pathway) program administered by the American Nurses Credentialing Center, recognizes organizations that foster positive nursing practice environments. However, evidence linking Pathway designation to nurse-reported outcomes remains limited. This cross-sectional study integrated data from the Penn 2024 Nurses4All Study and the American Hospital Association Annual Survey. The sample included 16,979 direct care nurses from 1672 hospitals in 10 US states (866 nurses in 63 Pathway hospitals and 16,113 nurses in 1609 non-Pathway, non-Magnet hospitals). The independent var
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Vanda Haralović, Mislav Mokos, Sanja Špoljar et al. · 2025 · Biomedicines
Background: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an integral component of the human innate immune system. It possesses antimicrobial properties and is available in solution, dermal spray, and scar gel forms. Objectives/Methods: This review presents data from studies on the clinical use of HOCl in various specialties, including dermatology, surgery, dentistry, ophthalmology, and rhinology. Results: Due to its anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial/immunomodulatory and healing properties, HOCl is advantageous in treating various skin disorders: ulcus cruris (and wound care), diabetic ulcers, atopic dermatitis,
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Carmella Evans‐Molina, Yasminye D. Pettway, Diane C. Saunders et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
Phenotyping and genotyping initiatives within the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP), the largest source of human islets for research in the U.S., provide standardized assessment of islet preparations distributed to researchers…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Emmanouil Karampinis, Christina-Marina Zoumpourli, Aimilios Lallas et al. · 2026 · Medicina
Background and Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has transitioned to an integral part of dermatology in only few years, yet perceptions of its use vary widely, reflecting diverse hopes, concerns, and perceived clinical utility. Materials and Methods: In this study, 300 dermatologists from 13 countries, representing a range of experience levels and AI usage statuses, were surveyed regarding the characteristics and applications of AI in dermatology. Results: Among respondents, 61.33% reported having used AI tools in clinical practice. Adoption of AI was observed across all age groups, cou
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Xiaofeng Dai, Chongxiang Wang, Ping Jiang et al. · 2026 · MedComm
Chronic pain is a globally prevalent and complex condition, encompassing three primary subtypes, that is, nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic, each with distinct biopsychosocial mechanisms. Chronic pain was historically viewed as a monolithic symptom and managed with opioid-centric models, causing widespread therapeutic failure. While recognition of its heterogeneity has driven a paradigm shift toward precision medicine, tailoring multimodal strategies to the dominant pain mechanism, critical challenges persist. These include difficulty in identifying treatable root causes, limited long-
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Wenjing Chen, Heng Tian, Ran Wei et al. · 2026 · International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by progressive loss of neurons. Although the precise pathogenesis of such diseases is complex and…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Daniel R. Richardson, Ying Wang, Marie Anne Flannery et al. · 2026 · JAMA Oncology
Importance: Health care systems should strive to achieve outcomes that matter to patients. Limited data exist on the outcomes achieved by patients with cancer with different treatment outcome preferences. Objective: To describe treatment…
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Guiomar Mendieta, Paul M. Ridker, Barry A. Borlaug et al. · 2026 · European Journal of Heart Failure
AIMS: We hypothesized that targeting interleukin-6-a cytokine central to NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation that is associated with both the onset and progression of heart failure (HF)-may be beneficial in patients with HF and circulating evidence of cardiovascular inflammation but without overtly reduced ejection fraction (EF). We describe the rationale and design of two clinical trials (ATHENA and HERMES) investigating ziltivekimab, a human monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 ligand, in patients with HF and mildly reduced or preserved EF (HFmrEF/HF
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Lama Alfehaid, Nada Alsuhebany, Yahya M K Tawfik et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of preventable hospital-acquired morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective prophylaxis, its application in clinical practice remains inconsistent, often due to uncertainty in risk stratification. This review evaluates the validity and implementation of VTE risk assessment models (RAMs) in medical inpatients. Seven widely used RAMs, Caprini, Padua, IMPROVE, IMPROVEDD, Wells, Geneva, and Kucher e-alert, are critically examined alongside emerging digital and biomarker-enhanced tools. The Padua and IMPROVE scores show consistent
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Ashley Lu, Wei-Ting Chen, Maria Dalby et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not an inevitable outcome of pathology but a dynamic process shaped by how brain cells respond to amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. To disentangle these responses, we combined spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the superior frontal cortex from octogenarians living with or without dementia and from cognitively intact centenarians with comparable Aβ accumulation. We identified six distinct tissue domains representing a spatial pathological continuum of AD, with a key inflection point marked by a shift from Aβ-associated inflammatory changes to tau-asso
View details →Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Ambrose Agweyu, Paul Mwaniki, Vaishnavi Menon et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine
Rigorous evidence on the performance of large language models (LLMs) in real-world, low-resource clinical settings remains limited. Here we conducted a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial in 16 primary care facilities in Kenya. Clinical officers were randomized to use the electronic medical record with or without LLM assistance. The primary outcome was an expert-adjudicated composite of treatment failure events experienced within 14 days of enrollment. Between 22 April and 16 July 2025, 9,691 patients were enrolled, overseen by 103 clinical officers (52 in the LLM-assisted arm and 51 in the co
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Chloe Stanley, Ritwika Mallik, Nausheen Hamid et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine
A suboptimal clinical response after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is common and carries considerable health concerns. Here a double-blinded, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled trial using semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly (BARI-STEP) recruited adult participants at least 1 year after gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy with a suboptimal clinical response, defined as less than 20% weight loss from surgery. This was an adjunct to lifestyle intervention with a 500-kcal daily energy deficit. The primary outcome was percentage weight loss after 68-week treatment on an intention-to-treat analysi
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Stosh Ozog, Elizabeth M. Krantz, Karyn Tindbaek et al. · 2026 · Nature Communications
Abstract Humoral immune-related adverse events, including hypogammaglobulinemia and B cell depletion, pose long-term infection risks after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CARTx) for hematologic malignancies. This prospective…
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Bogang Wu, Win Thant, Elena Bitman et al. · 2026 · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
ABSTRACT Background Immune exclusion inhibits anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy, but its mechanisms remain poorly defined. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive and generally immune-rich subtype, an…
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Lion Stammen, Eva J I Hoeijmakers, Thomas G. Flohr et al. · 2025 · European Radiology
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate diagnostic image quality (IQ) for pulmonary embolism detection in photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) with significantly reduced contrast media (CM) dose vs conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT), using optimized and individualized CM protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans performed on the EID-CT (Jan 2024-Mar 2024) with an individualized kilovoltage (kV) and total body weight (TBW) adapted CM protocol, and on the PCD-CT (Aug 2023-Feb 2024) with a TBW adapted CM protocol matching the 70 kV EID-CT protocol, were
View details →Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Jijuan Zhang, Hancheng Yu, Tingting Geng et al. · 2025 · BMC Medicine
BACKGROUND: Accelerated aging is a dynamic process, yet few studies examined the association of changes in accelerated aging with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This study aims to evaluate this association in three prospective…
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Alexander N. Klishko, Jonathan Harnie, Claire E. Hanson et al. · 2025 · The Journal of Physiology
It has been suggested that during locomotion, the nervous system controls movement by activating groups of muscles, or muscle synergies. Analysis of muscle synergies can reveal the organization of spinal locomotor networks and how it…
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Ismail Gögenür, Tobias Freyberg Justesen, Line Schmidt Tarpgaard et al. · 2026 · Journal of Clinical Oncology
PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition has shown promise in localized deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer, yet the optimal treatment duration, regimen, and methods for response evaluation remain undefined. This trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab for patients with localized dMMR colon cancer. METHODS: Participants received a single cycle of pembrolizumab (4 mg/kg, max 400 mg, every-6-weeks dosing regimen), followed by a preoperative endoscopy with biopsies and surgery 3-5 weeks later. The primary end point was pathologic com
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Emanuel J. Novais, Olivia K. Ottone, Sanjana Jagannath et al. · 2026 · Bone Research
Genetic background is a major determinant of disc degeneration, a leading cause of chronic back pain and disability. Herein, we demonstrate that premature disc cell senescence contributes to early-onset degeneration in SM/J mice and test two systemic senotherapeutic strategies to mitigate it: Navitoclax (Nav.) and a cocktail of Dasatinib and Quercetin (DQ). While Nav. treatment did not improve severe degeneration in SM/J mice or senescence status, DQ-treated mice showed lower grades of degeneration and a decreased abundance of senescence markers, including p19ARF, p21, and the senescence-assoc
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Danielle J Sisnett, Katherine B Zutautas, Dan Hoang Nguyet Vo et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Immunology
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory, hormone dependent disorder that affects more than 200 million women worldwide. Immune dysfunction has emerged as one of the predominant mechanisms facilitating endometriosis lesion growth and survival. In particular, T cell subsets are predominant effector immune cells within the complex endometriosis lesion microenvironment. T cell biology encompasses a highly regulated and diverse network of cellular differentiation, antigen recognition, and immune regulation, all of which play critical roles in immune homeostasis. This complexity becomes particularly
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Maximilian Stahl, Amer M. Zeidan · 2025 · Blood
ABSTRACT: Aside from allogeneic transplantation, the current standard-of-care approach for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (HR-MDS) remains monotherapy with a hypomethylating agent (HMA), including azacitidine, decitabine,…
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Cristina Gonzalez‐Robles, Oliver Bandmann, Anthony H.V. Schapira · 2025 · Neurology and Therapy
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterised by tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity, as well as other motor and non-motor symptoms, for which no effective disease-modifying treatments have been…
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