Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni, Guglielmo Albertini Petroni, Maria Laura Annunziata et al. · 2025 · Diagnostics
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with still-elusive etiopathogeneses and an increasing prevalence worldwide. Despite the growing availability of more advanced therapies in the last two decades, there are still a number of unmet needs. For example, the achievement of mucosal healing has been widely demonstrated as a prognostic marker for better outcomes and a reduced risk of dysplasia and cancer; however, the accuracy of endoscopy is crucial for bo
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Tom Solomon, Cory Hooper, Ava Easton et al. · 2026 · The Lancet Neurology
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is characterised by inflammation and swelling of the brain, resulting in death or severe neurocognitive sequelae. HSV encephalitis is treated with the antiviral aciclovir but still has substantial mortality and morbidity. Adjunct corticosteroids are sometimes used, but whether they improve the outcome is unclear. We aimed to establish the safety and efficacy of adjunct corticosteroids in HSV encephalitis. METHODS: In this multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial, adults with HSV encephalitis admitted to 53 hospitals in the UK we
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Elliott J. Jenkins, Joseph A. Killick, Owain Zerilli et al. · 2025 · The Journal of Physiology
Abstract Long‐term heat acclimation has been shown to elevate haemoglobin mass (Hb mass ) and enhance maximal oxygen consumption (). To date, however, all evidence derives from exercise‐induced heat stress, making it unclear whether passive strategies, which allow athletes to maintain training intensities, can produce similar adaptations. Moreover, while heat‐induced increases in are often attributed to haematological changes, adaptation of other convective components of oxygen transport may underpin these improvements. To investigate whether 5 weeks of hot‐water immersion (HWI) would enhance
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Wungki Park, Catherine O’Connor, Joanne F. Chou et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) arising from BRCA1or BRCA2 or PALB2 mutations confers sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibition in pancreatic cancer (PC) and may enable prolonged disease control with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). The phase 2 POLAR trial evaluated maintenance pembrolizumab plus olaparib following platinum-based chemotherapy in biomarker-stratified metastatic PC. Sixty-three participants were enrolled into three cohorts: cohort A (BRCA1/BRCA2-mutated or PALB2-mutated HRD, n = 33), cohort B (non-core HRD, n = 15) and cohort C (platinum sensitive, HRD-
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Xiaohua Xiao, Xueqin Yan, Chunhua Liang et al. · 2026 · Frontiers in Neurology
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual and irreversible decline in the brain's ability to function which is not only signified by amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles but also by and metabolic and mitochondrial changes that have a negative impact on the classical neuropathological hallmarks. It is becoming increasingly clear that the central roles in the process of synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death and cognitive decline are played by the brain's impaired glucose utilization, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism alterations, and energy homeostasis disruption. Mitochondrial dysfunc
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Lizl Veldsman, GA Richards, D. G. Nel et al. · 2025 · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
BACKGROUND: Muscle wasting is a hallmark of critical illness. We evaluated the effect of amino acid supplementation and mobilization on early muscle loss in critically ill patients. METHODS: We conducted a randomized parallel-group trial…
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Jennifer Duffecy, Arfa Rehman, Scott Gorman et al. · 2025 · JMIR mhealth and uhealth
Unlabelled: Background: Perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms affect many women's well-being and quality of life. Digital technologies, especially smartphones, allow self-management interventions for menopausal symptoms, but they are understudied., Objective: We evaluated whether a novel digital care app, Caria, effectively reduced vasomotor and behavioral health symptoms of menopause., Methods: We enrolled 149 women for a 6-week randomized controlled trial (app treatment: n=112; web-based educational control: n=37). Enrolled participants had problematic vasomotor symptoms and at least one el
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Claudiu Stoicescu, Cristina Văcărescu, Dragoș Cozma · 2025 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) represent two critical yet contrasting components in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk modulation. While HDL has traditionally been viewed as cardioprotective due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport and anti-inflammatory effects, emerging evidence emphasizes that HDL functionality-rather than concentration alone-is pivotal in atheroprotection. Conversely, sdLDL particles are increasingly recognized as highly atherogenic due to their enhanced arterial penetration, oxidative susceptibility, and prolong
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Christopher C. Butler, Andrew Pinto, Victoria Harris et al. · 2026 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has been shown to reduce progression to severe illness from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in unvaccinated high-risk outpatients. The effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in persons who have been vaccinated, infected naturally, or both is unclear. METHODS: In two open-label platform trials (PANORAMIC in the United Kingdom and CanTreatCOVID in Canada), we enrolled higher-risk adults (≥50 years of age or ≥18 years of age with coexisting conditions) in the community who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had been unwell for 5 day
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Fedir Hladkykh, Tetiana Liadova, Mariia Matvieienko et al. · 2026 · Journal of Pain Research
Introduction: Central sensitization explains the mismatch between structural damage or inflammation and pain intensity in chronic musculoskeletal diseases. It defines the phenotype of fibromyalgia and contributes to persistent pain in…
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Junren Chen, Siqi Qin, Ziwei Xing et al. · 2026 · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
BACKGROUND: Diabetic wounds are a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus with a high rate of amputation and mortality. 6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine hydrobromide (6-HH) is a belladonna alkaloid with smooth-muscle-relaxing and…
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Cristina Migliore, Elisabetta Fenocchio, Silvia Giordano et al. · 2025 · Cancer Treatment Reviews
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and is associated with a very poor prognosis, largely due to its aggressive nature and, typically, late-stage diagnosis. Molecular classifications proposed one decade ago have provided valuable insights into the disease's heterogeneity and paved the way for clinical trials of tailored treatments. However, most of these trials have failed, often due to inadequate patient selection, lack of reliable biomarkers of response/resistance, or for the high level of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity characterizing t
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Steffen Tiedt, Alejandro Bustamante, Alan Cameron et al. · 2026 · The Lancet Neurology
The complexity and incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke poses substantial challenges to personalised medicine and the development of novel therapies, as reflected in the neutral results of many randomised trials. Current clinical algorithms lack the precision to diagnose stroke before hospital admission, predict disease progression and recovery, or assess recurrence risk. Biomarkers are urgently needed, yet the absence of a robust evidence base hinders their clinical translation. To lay the groundwork for addressing this knowledge gap, an international multidisciplinary pa
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T. Nguyen, Tam Dao, Ha Thu Nguyen et al. · 2026 · Endocrinology and Metabolism
Sarcopenia is a progressive, age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, which increases the risk of falls, frailty, and loss of independence. Despite growing recognition and its…
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Eleanor Quek, Neve Horn, Salman Siddiqui · 2025 · ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Asthma represents a profoundly heterogeneous syndrome underpinned by multiple, distinct and overlapping immunopathological mechanisms. Nevertheless, prevailing management algorithms continue to adopt a largely uniform, stepwise approach in…
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Dinh Van Trung, Bui Thi Huong Giang, Đang Quoc Tuan et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-guided positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration may optimize ventilation and reduce ventilator-induced lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We compared EIT-guided PEEP…
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Shanshan Zhang, Tingyu Wang, Ye Peng et al. · 2026 · Molecular Biomedicine
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor impairments such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Its neuropathological hallmarks include the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies (LBs), which gradually spread to other central nervous system regions and peripheral tissues. The etiology of PD is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, aging, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors. Disease pathogenesis
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Jean-Pierre Frat, J. Quenot, Christophe Guitton et al. · 2026 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: Data are needed on the effect of oxygen delivered through a high-flow nasal cannula, as compared with standard oxygen therapy, on intubation and mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. METHODS: In this…
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Pia De Stefano, Sira M. Baumann, Urs Fisch et al. · 2026 · Neurology
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although etiology is considered central to outcomes in status epilepticus (SE), previous studies often lacked standardized classification and adjustment for confounders, particularly withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST). This study examined the association between SE etiology, mortality, and neurologic recovery using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification while accounting for confounders and WLST. METHODS: This 2-center observational study included adults (≥18 years) with SE treated at the University Hospitals of Basel and Geneva fr
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Fahimeh Varzideh, Pasquale Mone, Urna Kansakar et al. · 2026 · Nutrients
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid traditionally recognized for skeletal health, exerts pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular physiology and disease. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the principal biomarker of vitamin D status, is frequently suboptimal worldwide, particularly in older adults, individuals with darker skin pigmentation, and populations at higher latitudes. Observational studies consistently associate low 25(OH)D concentrations with increased risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality.
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Corey A. Lester, Brigid Rowell, Yifan Zheng et al. · 2025 · JMIR Medical Informatics
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems are increasingly used in health care. Uncertainty-aware AI presents the model's confidence in its decision alongside its prediction, whereas black-box AI only provides a prediction. Little is known about how this type of AI affects health care providers' work performance and reaction time. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of black-box and uncertainty-aware AI advice on pharmacist decision-making and reaction time. Methods: Recruitment emails were sent to pharmacists through professional listser
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Tijmen A. van Zadelhoff, Rianne A. van der Heijden, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra et al. · 2026 · European Radiology
OBJECTIVES: To determine if genicular artery embolization (GAE) is more effective in relieving pain symptoms after 12 months compared to a sham procedure in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. A secondary aim was to investigate changes in synovitis observed at 4 months and the correlation with other clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial included patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis unresponsive to conservative treatment, who were randomly assigned to receive either GAE or sham treatment. Follow-up was at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months. Pa
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Akhilesh Mishra, Ajay Sharma, Kuldeep Gupta et al. · 2026 · Science Advances
Optimizing dosing strategies is critical to balance effectiveness and toxicity, especially for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This study evaluates whether positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targeting Nectin-4 can noninvasively quantify the real-time interaction of the ADC enfortumab vedotin (EV) with tumors in urothelial carcinoma. Using the imaging agent [ 68 Ga]AJ647, dynamic changes in the interaction of EV with Nectin-4 were measured across preclinical models and correlated with therapeutic responses. PET imaging identified dose-depen
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Ruxandra Oiegar, Dana Pop · 2025 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background/Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovium. The inflammation accelerates the development and progression of atherosclerosis, a key phenomenon in the onset of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review was to synthetize the traditional and RA-specific cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and the CVR assessment guidelines in RA patients. Methods: We performed a PubMed search using specific keywords. We synthetized the main findings. Results: Although the risk factors are the traditional ones, with certain par
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Maria Dalamaga, Rodopi Emfietzoglou, Dimitra Petropoulou et al. · 2026 · Current Nutrition Reports
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone with an established role in skeletal integrity and broader actions in immune regulation, inflammation, cellular proliferation, and energy homeostasis. Despite decades of research, its extra-skeletal effects remain controversial, largely due to discordant findings across observational studies, Mendelian randomization studies (MRS), and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Unlike many prior reviews, this state-of-the-art review synthesizes triangulated evidence across these study designs to clarify outcome-specific causal relationships and on
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Y Sakr, Axel Nierhaus, Ulrike Schumacher et al. · 2026 · JAMA Network Open
Importance: Albumin supplementation may reduce mortality in patients with septic shock; however, data from randomized clinical trials are limited. Objective: To assess the impact of albumin administration on outcomes in patients with septic shock. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted between October 21, 2019, and May 2, 2022. Patients from 23 intensive care units in Germany enrolled within 24 hours of the onset of septic shock were followed up for outcome data up to 90 days. The statistical trial report was completed and filed
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Sara A. Hurvitz, Rachel M. Layman, Giuseppe Curigliano et al. · 2026 · Journal of Clinical Oncology
PURPOSE Gedatolisib potently targets all four class I PI3K isoforms and mTORC1 and mTORC2 to comprehensively block the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and has shown compelling activity in early clinical trials with palbociclib and fulvestrant.…
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Lei Yuan, Zhe Zhao, Hongxiang Peng et al. · 2026 · Cardiovascular Diabetology
BACKGROUND: The C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) has been proposed as a novel biomarker for insulin resistance and inflammation. However, its role in the progression trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the involvement of the CTI in the CMM progression trajectory. METHODS: This prospective study included 266,049 individuals from the UK Biobank, who were free of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) at baseline. CMM was defined as the presence of two or more CMDs, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD), an
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PierFranco Conte, Maria Vittoria Dieci, Giancarlo Bisagni et al. · 2025 · Annals of Oncology
BACKGROUND: The A-BRAVE trial evaluated the efficacy of avelumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, as adjuvant treatment of patients with early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) at high risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS:…
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Annefleur C. Langedijk, Floris van den Dungen, Lisette M. Harteveld et al. · 2025 · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
The European Medicines Agency has authorized two interventions to prevent lower respiratory tract disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-LRTD) in infants: nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody, and bivalent stabilized prefusion F…
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