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Browse the failure-mode index

12,222 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Medicine. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A validation study of crescents in predicting ESRD in patients with IgA nephropathy

Xiaoyan Zhang, Sufang Shi, Yan Ouyang et al. · 2018 · Journal of Translational Medicine

BACKGROUND: A working group on the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) recently reported that crescents detected in kidney tissue predicted a worse renal outcome. However, this finding must be validated in independent cohorts before it can be widely applied to clinical practice. METHODS: Biopsy-proven IgAN patients were continuously recruited from two large renal centers in China from 1989 to 2014. All patients were followed for more than 1 year unless end stage renal disease (ESRD) occurred within 12 months. Crescents were defined as focal cellular or fibrocellular crescent format

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

A Comparison of Gray Matter Density in Restless Legs Syndrome Patients and Matched Controls Using Voxel‐Based Morphometry

Robert A. Comley, Simon Červenka, Sven Pålhagen et al. · 2010 · Journal of Neuroimaging

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder the pathophysiology of which is incompletely understood. Four studies have examined structural differences between the brains of RLS patients and healthy controls,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Long-term survival in older patients given propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia for major cancer surgery: follow-up of a multicentre randomised trial

Shuang-Jie Cao, Yue Zhang, Yuxiu Zhang et al. · 2023 · British Journal of Anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicates that i.v. anaesthesia might reduce cancer recurrence compared with volatile anaesthesia, but clinical information is observational only. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ability of the Met Kinase Inhibitor Crizotinib and New Generation EGFR Inhibitors to Overcome Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors

Shigeki Nanjo, Tadaaki Yamada, Hiroshi Nishihara et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

PURPOSE: Although EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) have shown dramatic effects against EGFR mutant lung cancer, patients ultimately develop resistance by multiple mechanisms. We therefore assessed the ability of combined treatment with the Met inhibitor crizotinib and new generation EGFR-TKIs to overcome resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lung cancer cell lines made resistant to EGFR-TKIs by the gatekeeper EGFR-T790M mutation, Met amplification, and HGF overexpression and mice with tumors induced by these cells were treated with crizotinib and a ne

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

New Developments in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: An Expert Roundtable

Joshua T. Kantrowitz, Christoph U. Correll, Rakesh Jain et al. · 2023 · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder that profoundly affects functioning and quality of life. While available antipsychotics have improved outcomes for patients with schizophrenia, they are relatively ineffective for negative and cognitive symptoms and are associated with a range of troublesome side effects. A significant unmet medical need for more effective and better-tolerated therapies remains. METHODS: A roundtable consisting of 4 experts in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia convened to discuss the current treatment landscape, unmet needs from patient and societal

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

Ilaria Salvato, Antonio Marchini · 2024 · Cancers

Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve pat

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Integrative review of artificial intelligence applications in nursing: education, clinical practice, workload management, and professional perceptions

Rabie Adel El Arab, Omayma Abdulaziz Al Moosa, Mette Sagbakken et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Public Health

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the nursing profession, presenting significant opportunities and challenges. Despite its promising potential in enhancing nursing education, clinical practice, and operational efficiency, critical barriers related to ethics, workforce adaptation, and humanistic care persist. Aim: This integrative review systematically evaluates the integration of AI in nursing practice, with a specific focus on nursing education, clinical care, workload management, and professional perceptions. Methods: Guided by PRISMA 2020 and the SPIDER framew

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Genetic characterization of an insect-specific flavivirus isolated from Culex theileri mosquitoes collected in southern Portugal

Ricardo Parreira, Shelley Cook, Ângela Celis de Almeida Lopes et al. · 2012 · Virus Research

We describe the full genetic characterization of an insect-specific flavivirus (ISF) from Culex theileri (Theobald) mosquitoes collected in Portugal. This represents the first isolation and full characterization of an ISF from Portuguese mosquitoes. The virus, designated CTFV, for Culex theileri flavivirus, was isolated in the C6/36 Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) cell line, and failed to replicate in vertebrate (Vero) cells in common with other ISFs. The CTFV genome encodes a single polyprotein with 3357 residues showing all the features expected for those of flaviviruses. Phylogeneti

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Reliability of LLMs as medical assistants for the general public: a randomized preregistered study

Andrew M. Bean, Rebecca Payne, Guy Parsons et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine

Global healthcare providers are exploring the use of large language models (LLMs) to provide medical advice to the public. LLMs now achieve nearly perfect scores on medical licensing exams, but this does not necessarily translate to accurate performance in real-world settings. We tested whether LLMs can assist members of the public in identifying underlying conditions and choosing a course of action (disposition) in ten medical scenarios in a controlled study with 1,298 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to receive assistance from an LLM (GPT-4o, Llama 3, Command R+) or a source

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Natural history of recurrences in endometrial carcinoma

Bengt Sorbe, CHRISTIAN JURESTA, Cecilia Ahlin · 2014 · Oncology Letters

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the natural history of endometrial cancer recurrences with regard to predictive and prognostic factors. Between 1990 and 1999, 100 patients were treated for recurrences of endometrial carcinoma…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

miR-21 expression and clinical outcome in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: exploratory analysis of the pancreatic cancer Erbitux, radiotherapy and UFT (PERU) trial

Khurum Khan, David Cunningham, Clare Peckitt et al. · 2016 · Oncotarget

// Khurum Khan 1 , David Cunningham 1 , Clare Peckitt 1 , Sarah Barton 1 , Diana Tait 1 , Maria Hawkins 1,2 , David Watkins 1 , Naureen Starling 1 , Sheela Rao 1 , Ruwaida Begum 1 , Janet Thomas 1 , Jacqui Oates 1 , Vincenza Guzzardo 3 , Matteo Fassan 3 , Chiara Braconi 1,4 and Ian Chau 1 1 Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK 2 CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 3 Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, IT 4 Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutt

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Biochemical recurrence prediction after radiotherapy for prostate cancer with T2w magnetic resonance imaging radiomic features

Catarina Dinis Fernandes, Cuong V. Dinh, Iris Walraven et al. · 2018 · Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-risk prostate cancer patients are frequently treated with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Of all patients receiving EBRT, 15-35% will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) within five years. Magnetic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Targeting Treg-Expressed STAT3 Enhances NK-Mediated Surveillance of Metastasis and Improves Therapeutic Response in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Miles Piper, Benjamin Van Court, Adam Mueller et al. · 2021 · Clinical Cancer Research

PURPOSE: Metastasis remains a major hurdle in treating aggressive malignancies such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Improving response to treatment, therefore, requires a more detailed characterization of the cellular…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

A comparison of revision and rerupture rates of ACL reconstruction between autografts and allografts in the skeletally immature

Ian R. Nelson, Jason Chen, Rebecca Love et al. · 2016 · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy

PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLRs) in skeletally immature patients are increasing. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographics, graft usage, revision, and re-operation rates in skeletally immature…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Metastatic feline mammary cancer: prognostic factors, outcome and comparison of different treatment modalities – a retrospective multicentre study

Gonçalo N. Petrucci, Joaquim Henriques, Hugo Gregório et al. · 2020 · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Objectives Although feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are highly metastatic, the literature and treatment options pertaining to advanced tumours are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of metastatic FMC with or…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Natural conception rate following laparoscopic surgery in infertile women with endometriosis

Hye Jun Lee, Jae Eun Lee, Seung‐Yup Ku et al. · 2013 · Daehan saengsik uihak hoeji/Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of laparoscopic surgery on the natural conception rate in infertile women with endometriosis during the first year after the operation. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 43 infertile women with…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A multi-site study on medical school selection, performance, motivation and engagement

Anouk Wouters, Gerda Croiset, Nienke R. Schripsema et al. · 2017 · Advances in Health Sciences Education

Medical schools seek ways to improve their admissions strategies, since the available methods prove to be suboptimal for selecting the best and most motivated students. In this multi-site cross-sectional questionnaire study, we examined the value of (different) selection procedures compared to a weighted lottery procedure, which includes direct admission based on top pre-university grade point averages (≥8 out of 10; top-pu-GPA). We also considered whether students had participated in selection, prior to being admitted through weighted lottery. Year-1 (pre-clinical) and Year-4 (clinical) stude

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Identification of a novel MET mutation in high-grade glioma resulting in an auto-active intracellular protein

Anna C. Navis, Sanne A. M. van Lith, Sander M. J. van Duijnhoven et al. · 2015 · Acta Neuropathologica

MET has gained interest as a therapeutic target for a number of malignancies because of its involvement in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. At present, a number of inhibitors, both antibodies against MET or its ligand hepatocyte growth factor, and small molecule MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials. We here describe a novel variant of MET that is expressed in 6% of high-grade gliomas. Characterization of this mutation in a glioma cell line revealed that it consists of an intronic deletion, resulting in a splice event connecting an intact splice donor site in exon 6 with

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Tempol, an Intracellular Antioxidant, Inhibits Tissue Factor Expression, Attenuates Dendritic Cell Function, and Is Partially Protective in a Murine Model of Cerebral Malaria

Ivo M.B. Francischetti, Emile B. Gordon, Bruna Bizzarro et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND: The role of intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) remains incompletely understood. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We undertook testing Tempol--a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and pleiotropic intracellular antioxidant--in cells relevant to malaria pathogenesis in the context of coagulation and inflammation. Tempol was also tested in a murine model of CM induced by Plasmodium berghei Anka infection. Tempol was found to prevent transcription and functional expression of procoagulant tissue factor in endothelial cells (ECs) stimulated by lipopo

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effects of Mu-Opiate Receptor Gene Polymorphism rs1799971 (A118G) on the Antidepressant and Dissociation Responses in Esketamine Nasal Spray Clinical Trials

Ziad S. Saad, Derrek P. Hibar, Maggie Fedgchin et al. · 2020 · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

BACKGROUND: At ketamine and esketamine doses at which antidepressant doses are achieved, these agents are relatively selective, noncompetitive, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. However, at substantially higher doses, ketamine has…

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Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Approach to Patients with Chylothorax Complicating Pulmonary Resection

Hasan Akın, Aysun Ölçmen, Özgür İşgörücü et al. · 2011 · The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon

Mediastinal lymph node dissection, an important part of surgery for non-small cell lung cancer, is associated with a risk of chylothorax. Although mortality has significantly decreased in recent years, it still worries thoracic surgeons.…

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Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Treatment of ovarian cancer by targeting the tumor stem cell-associated carbohydrate antigen, Sialyl-Thomsen-nouveau

Kristen Starbuck, Linah Al-Alem, David A. Eavarone et al. · 2018 · Oncotarget

// Kristen Starbuck 1, 4 , Linah Al-Alem 1, 4 , David A. Eavarone 2 , Silvia Fatima Hernandez 1, 4 , Chiara Bellio 1, 4 , Jillian M. Prendergast 2 , Jenna Stein 2 , Daniel T. Dransfield 2 , Bianca Zarrella 1 , Whitfield B. Growdon 1, 3, 4 , Jeff Behrens 2 , Rosemary Foster 1, 3, 4, * and Bo R. Rueda 1, 3, 4, * 1 Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 2 Siamab Therapeutics, Inc., Newton, MA, USA 3 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hosp

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

<p>Prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio (LAR) in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma</p>

Ji‐Feng Feng, Liang Wang, Xun Yang et al. · 2019 · Cancer Management and Research

Background: We firstly identified a combination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with albumin (ALB), which was defined as LAR (LDH/ALB ratio). The purpose of our study here was initially to explore the prognostic role of LAR in…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effectiveness of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for intermediate-risk stage IB cervical cancer

Koji Matsuo, Muneaki Shimada, Harushige Yokota et al. · 2017 · Oncotarget

// Koji Matsuo 1, 2, * , Muneaki Shimada 3, 4, * , Harushige Yokota 5 , Toyomi Satoh 6 , Hidetaka Katabuchi 7 , Shoji Kodama 8, 9 , Hiroshi Sasaki 10, 11 , Noriomi Matsumura 12, 13 , Mikio Mikami 14 and Toru Sugiyama 15 1 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan 4 Current affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku Univ

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

No Association of ABCB1 C3435T Genotype With Clopidogrel Response or Risk of Stent Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting

Juliane Jaitner, Tanja Morath, Robert A. Byrne et al. · 2012 · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions

BACKGROUND: The prodrug clopidogrel requires intestinal absorption by the efflux pump P-glycoprotein MDR1 (multidrug resistant-1), encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Prior studies suggested that a common and functional genetic variant (C3435T,…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Identification of PB2 Mutations Responsible for the Efficient Replication of H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Reina Yamaji, Shinya Yamada, Mai Quynh Le et al. · 2015 · Journal of Virology

UNLABELLED: Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have caused outbreaks among poultry worldwide, resulting in sporadic infections in humans with approximately 60% mortality. However, efficient transmission of H5N1 viruses among…

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