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Browse the failure-mode index

196 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures in Economics, Econometrics and Finance. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Assessing Financial Risk Tolerance: Do Demographic, Socioeconomic And Attitudinal Factors Work?

Vijay Gondaliya, Govind Dhinaiya · 2017 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Every investor and investment planner talk about risk tolerance and what people think is appropriate because there’s so much more to risk tolerance than what you can capture. Defining and understanding risk are important challenges for…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

New evidence, old puzzles: Technology shocks and labor market dynamics

Almut Balleer · 2012 · Quantitative Economics

Can the standard search-and-matching labor market model replicate the business cycle fluctuations of the job finding rate and the unemployment rate? In the model, these fluctuations are driven by movements in productivity. This paper…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Assessing the effects of trade openness on sustainable development: evidence from India

Mehraj Ahmad Sheikh, Mushtaq Ahmad Malik, Rana Zehra Masood · 2020 · Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility

Abstract Over the years, world market is integrating at much faster pace through increasing trade openness. Not being an unmixed blessing, consistent efforts have been made to examine impact of trade openness on economic, environmental and social welfare. This study is an attempt to empirically examine the implications of trade openness on sustainable development in India since liberalization policy 1991. We used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to test the relationship between sustainable development and trade openness along with other control variables that are supposed to aff

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

The geography of the effectiveness and consequences of Covid‐19 measures: Global evidence

Simplice Asongu, Samba Diop, Joseph Nnanna · 2020 · Journal of Public Affairs

This study has: (a) analysed the economic impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic, (b) evaluated the effectiveness and relevance of different measures against the pandemic and (c) examined nexuses between the corresponding measures and economic…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Determinants of innovation

Jorge Aníbal Restrepo Morales, Osmar Leandro Loaiza, Juan Gabriel Vanegas López · 2019 · Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science

Purpose This paper aims to study the influence of innovation on micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) performance in Colombia through the 403 MSMES survey analysis. In particular, this paper measures the effect of participation in R&D alliances, product innovation and process innovation on it. Design/methodology/approach MSME performance is measured through a composite index, estimated through principal components analysis using polychoric correlations, which is based on eight self-reported assessments of MSME performance. Then, this measure of performance is related to MSME par

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

‘Not clinically effective but cost-effective’ - paradoxical conclusions in randomised controlled trials with ‘doubly null’ results: a cross-sectional study

James Raftery, Hywel C Williams, Aileen Clarke et al. · 2020 · BMJ Open

OBJECTIVES: Randomised controlled trials in healthcare increasingly include economic evaluations. Some show small differences which are not statistically significant. Yet these sometimes come to paradoxical conclusions such as: 'the…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Are the Central East European Countries Pollution Havens?

Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso, Martina Vidovic, Anca M. Voicu · 2016 · The Journal of Environment & Development

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between environmental stringency and intra–European Union (EU) trade flows. Two main hypotheses are tested. First, we test whether the stringency of a country's environmental…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Impact of R&D expenditures, rainfall and temperature variations in agricultural productivity: empirical evidence from Bangladesh

Ruhul Salim, Kamrul Hassan, Sanzidur Rahman · 2019 · Applied Economics

This study aims to investigate dynamic relationships between research and development (R&D) expenditure, climate change (measured by annual rainfall and temperature variations), human capital (proxied by literacy) and total factor…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Assessing the Impact of Green Energy Transition, Technological Innovation, and Natural Resources on Load Capacity Factor in Algeria: Evidence from Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Simulations and Machine Learning Validation

Brahim Bergougui, Said Meziane · 2025 · Sustainability

Algeria’s resource-dependent economy faces significant challenges in balancing hydrocarbon reliance with environmental sustainability, yet existing research largely overlooks the comprehensive load capacity factor (LCF) metric in favor of traditional emissions analyses. This study examines the relationships between the LCF and key economic–environmental factors in Algeria from 1980 to 2023, including total natural resource rents, energy transition, technological innovation, GDP, primary energy consumption, and urbanization. Using ARDL and DARDL econometric approaches complemented by a kernel-b

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

The role of financial inclusion and technological innovation in stimulating environmental sustainability in the European countries: A new perspective based on load capacity factor

Ahmed Samour, Riza Radmehr, Ernest Baba Ali et al. · 2024 · Heliyon

Given the alarming level of climate change, policymakers across the globe are seeking strategies to mitigate environmental pollution to achieve sustainable development. In this context, renewable energy and technological advancements have…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Relationship of Stock Price and Monetary Variables of Asian Small Open Emerging Economy: Evidence from Thailand

Nararuk Boonyanam · 2014 · International Journal of Financial Research

Monetary variables contain information to forecast stock price is still controversial. This paper examines the relationship between stock price and monetary variables in Thailand which is an Asian small open emerging economy. Monetary variables are consumer price index, nominal bilateral exchange rate in term of bath per US dollar, narrow money, and 14 days repurchased rate, employing a multivariate cointegration, VECM, variance decomposition and impulse response analysis covering the period of January 1999 to December 2012 with 168 observations. The study found a long run relationship between

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Non-Stationarity in Time-Series Analysis: Modeling Stochastic and Deterministic Trends

Oisín Ryan, Jonas M B Haslbeck, Lourens Waldorp · 2025 · Multivariate Behavioral Research

Time series analysis is increasingly popular across scientific domains. A key concept in time series analysis is stationarity, the stability of statistical properties of a time series. Understanding stationarity is crucial to addressing frequent issues in time series analysis such as the consequences of failing to model non-stationarity, how to determine the mechanisms generating non-stationarity, and consequently how to model those mechanisms (i.e., by differencing or detrending). However, many empirical researchers have a limited understanding of stationarity, which can lead to the use of in

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Iran

Mohsen Mehrara, H Abrishami, Mostafa Boroujli et al. · 2013 · International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences

This paper examines causal relationships between Government Recurrent Expenditure (GRE) and GDP for Iran using annual data over the period 1970-2010. The Gregory-Hansen (1996) cointegration technique, allowing for the presence of potential structural breaks in data, is applied to empirically examine the long-run co-movement between these variables. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between these variables. The Granger Causality test indicates strong unidirectional effects from GDP to GRE. But there is no evidence that TRE promotes long-term economic growth. Moreover, th

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

ENERGY CONSUMPTION, CO2 AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN VIETNAM

Giovanna Morelli, Marco Mele · 2020 · International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

This study will demonstrate, through an econometric approach, the relationship among per capita GDP, CO2 emissions, and energy use in Vietnam. Using annual data for years 1970-2014, stationarity, structural breaks, Toda-Yamamoto test, Johansen and Juselius approach, and Variance decomposition have been conducted. The causality results in our analysis highlight that the presence of unidirectional causality was running from economic growth to energy consumption. This result will be significant since it supports the conservation hypothesis for the economy of Vietnam. Finally, the results of the v

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Abandonment of High‐Dose Chemotherapy/Hematopoietic Cell Transplants for Breast Cancer Following Negative Trial Results

David H. Howard, Carolyn Kenline, Hillard M. Lazarus et al. · 2011 · Health Services Research

OBJECTIVE: In 1999, three randomized controlled trials concluded that high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HDC/HCT) is no better than conventional chemotherapy for women with breast cancer.…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences

Iacopo Morchio, Christian Moser · 2026 · American Economic Review

Using linked employer-employee data from Brazil, we document a significant gender pay gap, which is largely attributed to women working at lower-paying employers. To interpret this fact, we develop an equilibrium search model with…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Does Economic Growth Lead Employment in South Africa?

L. A. Temitope · 2013 · Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies

This paper adopts the Toda-Yamamoto technique of causality in order to examine the direction of causality between employment and economic growth. This is to investigate whether the increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) translates into increased employment or not and vice versa, in South Africa, using quarterly data from 2000Q1 to 2012Q3. South Africa has been experiencing high and increased growth for the past decade, yet the rate of employment is not significantly high. Meanwhile, the objective of the government, since the first democratic election in 1994, was to increase economic gro

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Testing Efficiency of the London Metal Exchange: New Evidence

Jaehwan Park, Byungkwon Lim · 2018 · International Journal of Financial Studies

This paper explores the market efficiency of the six base metals traded on the LME (London Metal Exchange) using daily data from January 2000 to June 2016. The hypothesis that futures prices 3M (3-month) are unbiased predictors of spot prices (cash) in the LME is rejected based on the false premise that the financialization of commodities has been growing. For the robustness check, monthly data is analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) and GARCH (1,1) models. We reject the null hypothesis for all metals except for zinc.

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

A Speculative Efficiency Analysis of the London Metal Exchange in a Multi-Contract Framework

Sascha Otto · 2011 · International Journal of Economics and Finance

We analyze the speculative efficiency of the six base metals traded at the London Metal Exchange (LME) for the post-Tin Crisis period from 1991-2008. Especially the influence of different futures contracts on the one side and different underlyings on the other side provides economic insights for market participants like hedgers and speculators. We focus on the 3-month and 15-month futures contracts for all six base metals and conduct single-contract test for every base metal applying an ARMA process. This system is expanded to the multi-contract case, modeling the forecast error as an ARMAX pr

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Negative / Null Result ReportEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

A new test for analysing hysteresis in European unemployment

Fumitaka Furuoka · 2016 · Applied Economics Letters

This article proposes a new unit root test to analyse unemployment hysteresis. The test is able to incorporate cross-sectional dependence, unattended nonlinearity and unknown structural breaks in the time-series data. This study used data…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Peculiarities of export structure in Lithuania: synthesis and analysis

Irina Travkina, Manuela Tvaronavičienė · 2015 · Journal of Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

The research paper discusses the relationship between international trade, especially export, and the economic growth, presented by GDP, in Lithuania over the period of 2000-2015 years. The analysis is started by the historical review of possible types of relationships between exports and economic growth. Furthermore, the paper presents four theoretical propositions as export-led growth (1), growth-driven export (2), a feedback relationship (3) and simple contemporaneous relationship (4). This study examines the importance of the export-led growth hypothesis for Lithuania. The testing is based

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Fundamental Analysis VS Technical analysis: The Comparison of Two Analysis in Malaysia Stock Market

Shaharudin Jakpar, Michael Tinggi, Akmal Hisham Tak et al. · 2018 · UNIMAS Review of Accounting and Finance

This study is conducted to analyse the credibility of the fundamental analysis and technical analysis on predicting the stock return and compare both models to determine which model is more credible to be used as a good trading strategy by…

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

The Role of Economic and Environmental Variables in Green Growth: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Ihsen Abid · 2025 · Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research

Saudi Arabia, as one of the world’s leading oil producers, faces critical challenges in transitioning to sustainable economic growth. The heavy reliance on oil exports, coupled with rapid urbanization and environmental degradation, underscores the urgent need for green growth strategies tailored to the Kingdom’s unique socioeconomic and environmental context. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the Green Growth Index (GGI), which measures sustainable economic growth, and analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between key variables such as environmental technology

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

What do we know about the second moment of financial markets?

Klaus Grobys · 2021 · International Review of Financial Analysis

Recent research shows that the vast majority of scientific studies published in leading finance journals fails scientific replication (Hou, Xue, and Zhang, 2020; Harvey, Liu, and Zhu; 2016). This study argues that p-hacking, publication pressure and the selection bias from leading finance journals are perhaps not the underlying root cause for this issue. This study shows that standard methodologies often used in finance research are inevitably sample-specific due to the very nature of financial markets. While the consensus of earlier research postulates a rejection of the time-honored Levy hyp

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Economic Complexity, Environmental Sustainability, and Technological Integration in Saudi Arabia: Analyzing Long-Term Trends

Ihsen Abid, Nesrine Gafsi · 2025 · International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the long-term dynamics between economic growth, technological integration, and environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia from 1995 to 2023. It aims to identify the impact of key economic, technological, and environmental indicators, including GDP, ICT sector performance, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade, and ecological footprint, on the country’s development trajectory. The research employs a quantitative approach, using VAR-VECM models to analyze time-series data. The study applies Granger causality tests and impulse response functions

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Skill-relatedness and employment growth of firms in times of prosperity and crisis in an oil-dependent region

John-Erik Rørheim, Ron Boschma · 2021 · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space

Many studies have shed light on the positive side of relatedness, but little attention has yet been devoted to possible downsides of relatedness for firm performance in regions. We found in a case study of the oil-dependent Stavanger region in Norway that plants in industries that are skill-related to the dominant oil and gas industry showed lower employment growth than plants in other industries. This was the case both in the boom and the crisis periods, even when controlling for supply linkages to the oil and gas sector. However, we also found that plants skill-related to the oil and gas ind

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Communication of anticancer drug benefits and related uncertainties to patients and clinicians: document analysis of regulated information on prescription drugs in Europe

Courtney Davis, Anita K. Wagner, Maximilian Salcher‐Konrad et al. · 2023 · BMJ

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency with which relevant and accurate information about the benefits and related uncertainties of anticancer drugs are communicated to patients and clinicians in regulated information sources in Europe. DESIGN: Document content analysis. SETTING: European Medicines Agency. PARTICIPANTS: Anticancer drugs granted a first marketing authorisation by the European Medicines Agency, 2017-19. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Whether written information on a product addressed patients' commonly asked questions about: who and what the drug is used for; how the drug was studied; typ

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Economic Growth, FDI, Tourism, and Agricultural Productivity as Drivers of Environmental Degradation: Testing the EKC Hypothesis in ASEAN Countries

Yuldoshboy Sobirov, Beruniy Artikov, Elbek Khodjaniyazov et al. · 2025 · Sustainability

This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and key macroeconomic and sectoral drivers in ten ASEAN economies from 1995 to 2023. Employing Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, Prais–Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panel-corrected standard errors, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators, the analysis accounts for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and endogeneity. Results indicate that GDP exerts a more-than-unitary positive effect on emissi

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Trade-offs and synergies when balancing economic growth and globalization for sustainable development goals achievement

Imre Fertő, Gábor Harangozó · 2025 · Scientific Reports

This study investigates the complex relationships between globalization, economic growth, urbanization, and ecological footprint in the context of advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Employing a club convergence framework, we evaluate global SDG Index from 2000 to 2023 for 149 countries with 3212 observations, identifying five converging clubs and one non-converging group. Our analysis demonstrates that higher GDP per capita and various dimensions of globalization positively impact SDG outcomes, whereas rapid urbanization and expansive ecological footprints exert

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Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Green growth dynamics: unraveling the complex role of financial development and natural resources in shaping renewable energy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Alhasan Osman, Mohd Afjal, Majed Alharthi et al. · 2025 · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Abstract This study examines the complex interplay between financial development, natural resources, and renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2020, highlighting the pivotal role of financial strategies in enhancing sustainable energy practices. Employing an array of analytical techniques, including panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), fixed effects, random effects models, and panel-fixed quantile regression, we delve into the nuanced relationships among these critical variables. The findings reveal that while natural resources and financial development generally e

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