Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience
Domenica Veniero, Christopher Benwell, Merle M. Ahrens et al. · 2017 · Frontiers in Psychology
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is being investigated as an experimental and clinical interventional technique in human participants. While promising, important limitations have been identified, including weak effect sizes and high inter- and intra-individual variability of outcomes. Here, we compared two "inhibitory" tES-techniques with supposedly different mechanisms of action as to their effects on performance in a visuospatial attention task, and report on a direct replication attempt. In two experiments, 2 × 20 healthy participants underwent tES in three separate sessions testin
View details →DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00952Cited by 68 Replication FailureOpen accessPsychology
Dóra Kampis, Petra Karman, Gergely Csibra et al. · 2021 · Royal Society Open Science
, 587-592. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01944.x)) has been widely cited as evidence for false-belief attribution in young children. Recent replication attempts of this paradigm have yielded mixed results: several studies did not replicate the original findings, raising doubts about the suitability of the paradigm to assess non-verbal action prediction and Theory of Mind. In a preregistered collaborative study including two of the original authors, we tested one hundred and sixty 24- to 26-month-olds across two locations using the original stimuli, procedure and analyses as closely as possible
View details →DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210190Cited by 65 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Ilker Uçkay, Benjamin Kressmann, Sarah Malacarne et al. · 2018 · BMC Infectious Diseases
BACKGROUND: An adjunctive topical therapy with gentamicin-sponges to systemic antibiotic therapy might improve the healing of infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUI). METHODS: Single-center, investigator-blinded pilot study, randomizing (1:1) the gentamicin-sponge with systemic antibiotic versus systemic antibiotics alone for patients with DFUI. RESULTS: We included 88 DFUI episodes with 43 patients in the gentamicin-sponge arm and 45 in the control arm. Overall, 64 (64/88; 73%) witnessed total clinical cure, 13 (15%) significant improvement, and 46 (52%) showed total eradication of all pathogens
View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3253-zCited by 63 Replication FailurePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Prasit Kumar Sahoo, Anima Bose, Prasenjit Mal · 2015 · European Journal of Organic Chemistry
Abstract We report here an understanding of systems chemistry on small molecules through covalent mechanochemistry. As a proof‐of‐concept, the multicomponent Biginelli reaction by subcomponent synthesis was considered as a model system.…
View details →DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501039Cited by 62 Replication FailureOpen accessComputer Science
Tal Linzen, Yohei Oseki · 2018 · Glossa a journal of general linguistics
The reliability of acceptability judgments made by individual linguists has often been called into question. Recent large-scale replication studies conducted in response to this criticism have shown that the majority of published English acceptability judgments are robust. We make two observations about these replication studies. First, we raise the concern that English acceptability judgments may be more reliable than judgments in other languages. Second, we argue that it is unnecessary to replicate judgments that illustrate uncontroversial descriptive facts; rather, candidates for replicatio
View details →DOI: 10.5334/gjgl.528Cited by 62 Replication FailureBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Kyle M. Walsh, Erik L. Anderson, Helen M. Hansen et al. · 2012 · Genetic Epidemiology
Genomewide association studies (GWAS) and candidate-gene studies have implicated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in at least 45 different genes as putative glioma risk factors. Attempts to validate these associations have yielded…
View details →DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21707Cited by 49 Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience
Arnold Kochari, Monique Flecken · 2018 · Language Cognition and Neuroscience
An important question in predictive language processing is the extent to which prediction effects can reliably be measured on pre-nominal material (e.g. articles before nouns). Here, we present a large sample (N = 58) close replication of a study by Otten and van Berkum (2009). They report ERP modulations in relation to the predictability of nouns in sentences, measured on gender-marked Dutch articles. We used nearly identical materials, procedures, and data analysis steps. We fail to replicate the original effect, but do observe a pattern consistent with the original data. Methodological diff
View details →DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2018.1524500Cited by 49 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Benjamin Baker, Ashish Bhalla, Brett Doleman et al. · 2016 · Medical Teacher
INTRODUCTION: Simulation-based training (SBT) has become an increasingly important method by which doctors learn. Stress has an impact upon learning, performance, technical, and non-technical skills. However, there are currently no studies that compare stress in the clinical and simulated environment. We aimed to compare objective (heart rate variability, HRV) and subjective (state trait anxiety inventory, STAI) measures of stress theatre with a simulated environment. METHODS: HRV recordings were obtained from eight anesthetic trainees performing an uncomplicated rapid sequence induction at pr
View details →DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2016.1230188Cited by 47 Replication FailureDecision Sciences
Marc-André Goulet, Denis Cousineau · 2019 · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
When running statistical tests, researchers can commit a Type II error, that is, fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. To diminish the probability of committing a Type II error (β), statistical power must be augmented.…
View details →DOI: 10.1177/2515245919849434Cited by 47 Replication FailureSocial Sciences
John P. Crowley, Ryan Allred, Julianna Follon et al. · 2018 · Communication Studies
Research on the mere presence hypothesis shows mixed findings for the effects of cell phone presence on various conversation outcomes. The current study performed a partial replication of Przybylski and Weinstein’s (2013) study, which…
View details →DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2018.1467941Cited by 47 Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience
Beth Lloyd, Franz Wurm, Roy de Kleijn et al. · 2023 · Brain stimulation
BackgroundTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been tested as a potential treatment for pharmaco-resistant epilepsy and depression. Its clinical efficacy is thought to depend on taVNS-induced activation of the locus coeruleus and other neuromodulator systems. However, unlike for invasive VNS in rodents, there is little evidence for an effect of taVNS on noradrenergic activity.ObjectiveWe attempted to replicate recently published findings by Sharon et al. (2021), showing that short bursts of taVNS transiently increased pupil size and decreased EEG alpha power, two correl
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.06.010Cited by 45 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Lena Hafrén, Elísabet Einarsdóttir, Erna Kentala et al. · 2015 · PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND: Predisposition to childhood otitis media (OM) has a strong genetic component, with polymorphisms in innate immunity genes suspected to contribute to risk. Studies on several genes have been conducted, but most associations have failed to replicate in independent cohorts. METHODS: We investigated 53 gene polymorphisms in a Finnish cohort of 624 cases and 778 controls. A positive association signal was followed up in a tagging approach and tested in an independent Finnish cohort of 205 cases, in a British cohort of 1269 trios, as well as in two cohorts from the United States (US); on
View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132551Cited by 40 Replication FailureOpen accessDecision Sciences
Rolf Ulrich, Jeff Miller · 2020 · eLife
This article examines why many studies fail to replicate statistically significant published results. We address this issue within a general statistical framework that also allows us to include various questionable research practices (QRPs) that are thought to reduce replicability. The analyses indicate that the base rate of true effects is the major factor that determines the replication rate of scientific results. Specifically, for purely statistical reasons, replicability is low in research domains where true effects are rare (e.g., search for effective drugs in pharmacology). This point is
View details →DOI: 10.7554/elife.58237Cited by 40 Replication FailureMedicine
Joyce O’Shaughnessy, D Paul, Christopher Stokoe et al. · 2010 · Cancer Research
Abstract Background: Combination regimens incorporating anthracyclines and taxanes are among the most effective for EBC and are particularly suitable for pts with high-risk disease. Significant efficacy benefit has been shown in phase III…
View details →DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-s4-2Cited by 39 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Jing You, Shuchai Zhu, Jiancheng Li et al. · 2022 · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
PurposeThe standard dose (SD) of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) remains 50.4 Gy in patients with esophageal cancer; a higher dose, when applied with conventional radiation therapy techniques, increases toxicities without…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.11.006Cited by 38 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
John Lowe, David Gillespie, Ali F. Aboklaish et al. · 2024 · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews have reported conflicting evidence on whether macrolide antibiotics reduce rates of chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) in at-risk preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation, including in those colonised with pulmonary Ureaplasma spp. Since an adequately powered trial has been lacking, we aimed to assess if the macrolide azithromycin improved survival without the development of physiologically defined moderate or severe CLD in preterm infants. METHODS: AZTEC was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 28 ter
View details →DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00079-1Cited by 36 Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience
Kevin van Schie, Arne Leer · 2019 · Clinical Psychological Science
In this direct replication of Houben, Otgaar, Roelofs, and Merckelbach ( Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 610–616, 2018), we tested whether making eye movements during memory recall increases susceptibility to creating false memories.…
View details →DOI: 10.1177/2167702619859335Cited by 35 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
M. Roupret, Aurélie Bertaut, G. Pignot et al. · 2025 · Annals of Oncology
BACKGROUND: Standard treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor is intravesical instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (induction and maintenance regimens);…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2025.09.017Cited by 34 Replication FailureOpen accessNeuroscience
Joost de Winter, Sebastiaan M. Petermeijer, Lars Kooijman et al. · 2021 · International Journal of Psychophysiology
Several papers by Eckhard Hess from the 1960s and 1970s report that the pupils dilate or constrict according to the interest value, arousing content, or mental demands of visual stimuli. However, Hess mostly used small sample sizes and undocumented luminance control. In a first experiment (N = 182) and a second preregistered experiment (N = 147), we replicated five studies of Hess using modern equipment. Our experiments (1) did not support the hypothesis of gender differences in pupil diameter change with respect to baseline (PC) when viewing stimuli of different interest value, (2) showed tha
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.003Cited by 33 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Clark DuMontier, Hajime Uno, Tammy Hshieh et al. · 2022 · PubMed
We conducted a randomized controlled trial in older adults with hematologic malignancies to determine the impact of geriatrician consultation embedded in our oncology clinic alongside standard care. From February 2015 to May 2018,…
View details →DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.278802Cited by 29 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Päivi Merjonen, Liisa Keltikangas‐Järvinen, Markus Jokela et al. · 2011 · Translational Psychiatry
Hostility is a multidimensional personality trait with changing expression over the life course. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the components of hostility in a population-based sample of Finnish men and women for…
View details →DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.13Cited by 28 Replication FailureMedicine
Federica De Corti, Gianni Bisogno, Patrizia Dall’Igna et al. · 2011 · Pediatric Blood & Cancer
PURPOSE: Patients with non-metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have a cure rate of 50-90%, but up to one-third of them experience mostly a local recurrence. Second-line treatment is not standardized as for newly diagnosed tumors. We…
View details →DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23225Cited by 28 Replication FailureOpen accessPsychology
Nicole Harlaar, Emma L. Meaburn, Marianna E. Hayiou‐Thomas et al. · 2014 · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research
PURPOSE: Researchers have previously shown that individual differences in measures of receptive language ability at age 12 are highly heritable. In the current study, the authors attempted to identify some of the genes responsible for the…
View details →DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0303)Cited by 25 Replication FailureOpen accessSocial Sciences
Joseph Workman, Paul von Hippel, Joseph J. Merry · 2023 · Sociological Science
It is widely believed that (1) children lose months of reading and math skills over summer vacation and that (2) inequality in skills grows much faster during summer than during school. Concerns have been raised about the replicability of evidence for these claims, but an impression may exist that nonreplicable findings are limited to older studies. After reviewing the 100-year history of nonreplicable results on summer learning, we compared three recent data sources (ECLS- K:2011, NWEA, and Renaissance) that tracked U.S. elementary students' skills through school years and summers in the 2010
View details →DOI: 10.15195/v10.a8Cited by 23 Replication FailureOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Serena Porcari, Chiara CICCARESE, Vitor Heidrich et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy with limited durable responses to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiome in modulating ICI efficacy. In the…
View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04189-2Cited by 23 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Triin Kikas, Kristiina Rull, Robin N. Beaumont et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Genetics
= 6830) did not replicate these findings. In summary, the study emphasizes the role of genetic variation in driving the transcriptome profile of the human placenta and the importance to explore further its functional implications.
View details →DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00550Cited by 21 Replication Failure
Brian Chin, Andrea Copeland, Lucas Gallo et al. · 2019 · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Background: The fragility index has been proposed as a metric to evaluate the robustness of statistically significant findings in randomized controlled trials. It measures the number of events that a trial result relies on to maintain…
View details →DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006102Cited by 21 Replication FailureMedicine
Anthony T.�C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Roger K.C. Ngan et al. · 2017 · Journal of Clinical Oncology
6002 Background: The benefit of adjuvant CT in NPC is unclear. Post-RT EBV DNA predicts poor survival and may be a biomarker of subclinical residual disease. We conducted a biomarker driven RCT using post-RT EBV DNA to select high risk NPC…
View details →DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6002Cited by 21 Replication FailureOpen accessPsychology
Bjørn Sætrevik, Hallgeir Sjåstad · 2022 · Meta-Psychology
Mortality salience (MS) effects, where death reminders lead to ingroup-bias and defensive protection of one’s world-view, have been claimed to be a fundamental human motivator. MS phenomena have ostensibly been identified in several hundred studies within the “terror management theory” framework, but transparent and high-powered replications are lacking. Experiment 1 (N = 101 Norwegian lab participants) aimed to replicate the traditional MSeffect on national patriotism, with additional novel measures of democratic values and pro-sociality. Experiment2 (N = 784 US online participants) aimed to
View details →DOI: 10.15626/mp.2020.2628Cited by 19 Replication FailureMedicine
Luca Testa, J M De La Torre Hernandez, Giovanni Luigi De Maria et al. · 2026 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly used for revascularization of unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Whether intravascular ultrasonographic (IVUS) guidance during PCI results in better clinical…
View details →DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2600440Cited by 16 