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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21247 results · page 130 of 709

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

A matter of timing? Effects of parent–adolescent conflict on adolescent negative affect and depressive symptoms on six timescales.

Anne Bülow, Savannah Boele, Jessica P. Lougheed et al. · 2025 · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

= 14.37 years, 72% girls, 96% Dutch, data collection: 2019-2020) were used. By aggregating measurements, multiple timescales could be assessed within the same data set. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that conflict…

View details →DOI: 10.1037/abn0000987Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEarth and Planetary Sciences

Revising the Giant Planet Mass–Metallicity Relation: Deciphering the Formation Sequence of Giant Planets

Yayaati Chachan, Jonathan J. Fortney, Kazumasa Ohno et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract The rate at which giant planets accumulate solids and gas is a critical component of planet formation models, yet it is extremely challenging to predict from first principles. Characterizing the heavy element (everything other than hydrogen and helium) content of giant planets provides important clues about their provenance. Using thermal evolution models with an updated H–He equation of state and atmospheric boundary conditions that vary with envelope metallicity, we quantify the bulk heavy element content of 147 warm (<1000 K) giant planets with well-measured masses and radii, mo

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae0cbfCited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Effects of adding an automated monitoring device to the health screening of postpartum Holstein cows on survival and productive and reproductive performances

Manuel A. Silva, Anderson Veronese, Anna Luiza Belli et al. · 2021 · Journal of Dairy Science

kg) than cows diagnosed with a clinical disease that had an AMD alert. Adding AMD-generated health alerts to the health screening of postpartum cows in a herd with an existing screening program did not improve survival, milk yield, or…

View details →DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18562Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Organ-on-a-Chip Models of the Female Reproductive System: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

Pan Min, Huike Chen, Kai Deng et al. · 2025 · Micromachines

The female reproductive system represents a highly complex regulatory network governing critical physiological functions, encompassing reproductive capacity and endocrine regulation that maintains female physiological homeostasis. The in vitro simulation system provides a novel tool for biomedical research and can be used as physiological and pathological models to study the female reproductive system. Recent advances in this technology have evolved from 2D and 3D printing to organ-on-a-chip (OOC) and microfluidic systems, which has emerged as a transformative platform for modeling the female

View details →DOI: 10.3390/mi16101125Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Economic Growth, FDI, Tourism, and Agricultural Productivity as Drivers of Environmental Degradation: Testing the EKC Hypothesis in ASEAN Countries

Yuldoshboy Sobirov, Beruniy Artikov, Elbek Khodjaniyazov et al. · 2025 · Sustainability

This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and key macroeconomic and sectoral drivers in ten ASEAN economies from 1995 to 2023. Employing Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, Prais–Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panel-corrected standard errors, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators, the analysis accounts for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and endogeneity. Results indicate that GDP exerts a more-than-unitary positive effect on emissi

View details →DOI: 10.3390/su17188394Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

The Effect of Omitted Variables on the Sign of Regression Coefficients

Matthew A. Masten, Alexandre Poirier · 2026 · American Economic Review

We show that, depending on how the impact of omitted variables is measured, it can be substantially easier for omitted variables to flip coefficient signs than to drive them to zero. This behavior occurs with “Oster's delta” (Oster 2019a),…

View details →DOI: 10.1257/aer.20230242Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

The “Wallpaper Effect” Revisited: Divergent Findings on the Effects of Intergroup Contact on Attitudes in Diverse Versus Nondiverse Contexts

Katharina Schmid, Ralf Wölfer, Herman Swart et al. · 2017 · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

This article reexamines the so-called "wallpaper effect" of intergroup contact, which contends that for minority group members living in areas more densely populated by majority group members, intergroup contact fails to reduce prejudice. We tested this claim in five studies, using data from five countries, two types of contexts, a range of measures, and involving different minority versus majority groups. Using multilevel cross-level interaction models, we considered whether effects of contact on outgroup attitudes were moderated by relative outgroup size. Results failed to replicate the prev

View details →DOI: 10.1177/0146167217711929Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Experimental Investigation of the Bearing-Deformation Behavior of Broken Rocks in Goafs Under Various Influencing Factors

Yue Zhao, Jiang Su, Zhengzhen An et al. · 2026 · Applied Sciences

Coal gangue is one of the most abundant solid wastes generated during coal mining. The use of coal gangue for underground backfilling is widely recognized as an effective approach to reducing waste accumulation and promoting sustainable utilization. To further investigate the bearing and deformation behavior of underground gangue filling materials, combined with the underground occurrence conditions of crushed gangue in goaf, a self-designed loading apparatus for crushed gangue was employed to perform lateral compression experiments on crushed gangue. The compaction deformation, fractal dimens

View details →DOI: 10.3390/app16094276Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMaterials Science

Innovative Strategies to Overcome Stability Challenges of Single-Atom Nanozymes

Rong Guo, Qiuzheng Du, Yaping He et al. · 2026 · Nano-Micro Letters

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metal-carrier interactions, which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field. However, stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields, including disease diagnosis (e.g., biosensors and diagnostic imaging), antitumor therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy), antim

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01939-2Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessArts and Humanities

Unique Motivations of the Underserved: Exploring Repertoire, Self-Identified, and Topical News Avoidance Among Black Adults

Miya Williams Fayne, Stephanie Edgerly · 2025 · Mass Communication & Society

This study examines three forms of news avoidance (repertoire, self-identified, and topical) among Black Americans and the overlap between the different forms. We center African Americans, who are often ignored or stereotyped by mainstream…

View details →DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2025.2578807Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDecision Sciences

Artificial intelligence, data elements, digital economy, and corporate innovation performance

Yuan Ma, Wenchao Zhang, Chengxiang Ma et al. · 2025 · International Review of Economics & Finance

In an era defined by digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical driver of corporate competitiveness, yet the mechanisms through which it enhances innovation remain a key area of inquiry. This study…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2025.104560Cited by 14
Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

Rectal diclofenac versus indomethacin for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (DIPPP): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

Xiaoyu Kang, Mingxing Xia, Jun Wang et al. · 2025 · Gut

BACKGROUND: Recent meta-analyses suggested diclofenac may be superior to indomethacin in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of 100 mg…

View details →DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-334466Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

An International Study of Factors Affecting Variability of Dosimetry Calculations, Part 4: Impact of Fitting Functions in Estimated Absorbed Doses

Sara Kurkowska, Julia Brosch-Lenz, Yuni K. Dewaraja et al. · 2025 · Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Individualized radiopharmaceutical therapies guided by patient-specific absorbed dose (AD) assessments using nuclear medicine imaging have the potential to improve both efficacy and safety. Understanding sources of variability in AD calculations is critical for standardization. The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Dosimetry Task Force launched the 177Lu Dosimetry Challenge to evaluate variability across steps within the dosimetry workflow. This work aimed to assess the variability in ADs due to different fitting and integration methods. Methods: Anonymized datasets from 2 pati

View details →DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268612Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Green growth dynamics: unraveling the complex role of financial development and natural resources in shaping renewable energy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Alhasan Osman, Mohd Afjal, Majed Alharthi et al. · 2025 · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Abstract This study examines the complex interplay between financial development, natural resources, and renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2020, highlighting the pivotal role of financial strategies in enhancing sustainable energy practices. Employing an array of analytical techniques, including panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), fixed effects, random effects models, and panel-fixed quantile regression, we delve into the nuanced relationships among these critical variables. The findings reveal that while natural resources and financial development generally e

View details →DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04364-3Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEarth and Planetary Sciences

Evolutionary assembly of crown reptile anatomy clarified by late Paleozoic relatives of Neodiapsida

Xavier A. Jenkins, Roger Benson, David P. Ford et al. · 2025 · Peer Community Journal

Living reptiles include more than 20,000 species with disparate ecologies. Direct anatomical evidence from Neodiapsida, which includes the reptile crown-group and its closest extinct relatives, shows that this diversity originates from a single common ancestor that lived over 255 million years ago in the Paleozoic. However, the evolutionary assembly of crown reptile traits is poorly understood due to the lack of anatomically close relatives of Neodiapsida. We present a substantially revised phylogenetic hypothesis, informed by new anatomical data from high-resolution synchrotron tomography of

View details →DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.620Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

Limits on the 21 cm Power Spectrum at z = 6.5–7.0 from Murchison Widefield Array Observations

Chuneeta D. Nunhokee, Donald M. Null, Cathryn M. Trott et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract This paper presents the spherically averaged 21 cm power spectrum derived from Epoch of Reionization (EoR) observations conducted with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The analysis uses EoR0-field data, centered at (R.A. = 0 h , decl. = −27 ∘ ), collected between 2013 and 2023. Building on the improved methodology described in C. M. Trott et al. (2024), we incorporate additional data quality control techniques introduced in C. D. Nunhokee (2020). We report the lowest-power-level limits on the EoR power spectrum at redshifts z = 6.5, z = 6.8, and z = 7.0. These power levels, measur

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adda45Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Increasing women’s empowerment: Evaluating two interventions in Uganda

Kate Ambler, Kelly Jones, Michael O’Sullivan · 2025 · Journal of Development Economics

We conduct a randomized controlled trial to test a novel intervention for increasing women’s empowerment in Uganda. The intervention includes a within-household transfer of a productive asset, which has a lower cost than an external…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103575Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Population Levels Assessment of the Distribution of Disease-Associated Variants With Emphasis on Armenians – A Machine Learning Approach

Maria Nikogհosyan, Siras Hakobyan, Anahit Hovhannisyan et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Genetics

Background: During last decades a number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with different complex diseases. However, associations reported in one population are often conflicting and did not replicate when studied in other populations. One of the reasons could be that most of GWAS employ case-control design in one or a limited number of populations, but little attention was paid to global distribution of disease associated alleles across different populations. Moreover, the majority of GWAS have been performed on

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00394Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Optimising Analysis Choices for Multivariate Decoding: Creating Pseudotrials Using Trial Averaging and Resampling

Catriona L. Scrivener, Tijl Grootswagers, Alexandra Woolgar · 2026 · European Journal of Neuroscience

Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) is a popular technique that can distinguish between condition-specific patterns of activation. Applied to neuroimaging data, MVPA decoding for inference uses above chance decoding to identify statistically robust condition-specific information in neuroimaging data, which may be missed by univariate methods. However, several analysis choices influence decoding results, and the combined effects of these choices have not been fully evaluated. In particular, an increasingly popular approach is to average data from several trials together before training an MVPA

View details →DOI: 10.1111/ejn.70601Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMaterials Science

Electrospun PLA/PVP K90 Biphasic-Release Sublingual Film for Motion Sickness Treatment

Wenwen Zhang, Qilin Wang, Wei Yi et al. · 2026 · Biomolecules

To overcome the limitations of traditional motion sickness medications—slow onset of action, short duration of efficacy, and poor patient compliance—this study employed coaxial electrospinning technology. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP K90) were used as composite carrier materials. The sheath layer is composed of highly hydrophilic PVP K90, loaded with the antihistamine diphenhydramine (DPH). The core layer, composed of biodegradable PLA with excellent sustained-release properties, carries the anticholinergic drug scopolamine hydrobromide (SH). This core–sheath nanos

View details →DOI: 10.3390/biom16030363Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Resolution limit of the eye — how many pixels can we see?

Maliha Ashraf, Alexandre Chapiro, Rafał Mantiuk · 2025 · Nature Communications

As large engineering efforts go towards improving the resolution of mobile, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) displays, it is important to know the maximum resolution at which further improvements bring no noticeable benefit. This limit is often referred to as the retinal resolution, although the limiting factor may not necessarily be attributed to the retina. To determine the ultimate resolution at which an image appears sharp to our eyes with no perceivable blur, we created an experimental setup with a sliding display, which allows for continuous control of the resolution. The

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64679-2Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Impact of transfer learning methods and dataset characteristics on generalization in birdsong classification

Burooj Ghani, Vincent J. Kalkman, Bob Planqué et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Animal sounds can be recognised automatically by machine learning, and this has an important role to play in biodiversity monitoring. Yet despite increasingly impressive capabilities, bioacoustic species classifiers still exhibit imbalanced performance across species and habitats, especially in complex soundscapes. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of transfer learning in large-scale bird sound classification across various conditions, including single- and multi-label scenarios, and across different model architectures such as CNNs and Transformers. Our experiments demonstrate that

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-00996-2Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Mutualism breakdown underpins evolutionary rescue in an obligate cross-feeding bacterial consortium

Ignacio J. Melero‐Jiménez, Yael Sorokin, Ami Merlin et al. · 2025 · Nature Communications

Populations facing lethal environmental change can escape extinction through rapid genetic adaptation, a process known as evolutionary rescue. Despite extensive study, evolutionary rescue is largely unexplored in mutualistic communities, where it is likely constrained by the less adaptable partner. Here, we explored empirically the likelihood, population dynamics, and genetic mechanisms underpinning evolutionary rescue in an obligate mutualism involving cross-feeding of amino acids between auxotrophic Escherichia coli strains. We found that over 80% of populations overcame a severe decline whe

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58742-1Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Crafting the wearable computer: Design process and user experience

Sarah Kettley · 2026 · Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)

The purpose of the research described in this thesis was to develop a design methodology for Wearable Computing concepts that could potentially embody authenticity. The Wearables community, still firmly rooted in the disciplines of engineering and ergonomics, had made clear its aspirations to the mainstream market (DeVaul et al 2001). However, at this point, there was a distinct lack of qualitative studies on user perceptions of Wearable products. A review of the market research literature revealed significant consumer demand for authenticity in goods and services, and it was this need that dr

View details →DOI: 10.17869/enu.236998Cited by 13
Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine

Inhibition of FcRn with rozanolixizumab in adults with immune thrombocytopenia: Two randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 studies and their open‐label extension

Nichola Cooper, James B. Bussel, Maciej Kaźmierczak et al. · 2024 · British Journal of Haematology

Summary Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an antiplatelet‐antibody‐mediated disorder with accelerated platelet clearance and decreased platelet production. Rozanolixizumab, a monoclonal IgG4 anti‐FcRn antibody, blocks IgG recycling and decreases IgG levels. We report efficacy and safety of rozanolixizumab in adults with persistent/chronic ITP in 24‐week phase 3 studies (TP0003; TP0006), and their 52‐week open‐label extension (OLE). Primary end‐point was durable clinically meaningful platelet response (DCMPR) of ≥50 × 10 9 /L for 8/12 weeks during Weeks 13–25 in the double‐blind studies.

View details →DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19858Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) virus in the United States

Zhu‐Nan Li, Feng Liu, Yu‐Jin Jung et al. · 2025 · Nature Communications

The unprecedented 2.3.4.4b. A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle, poultry, and spillover to humans in the United States (US) poses a major public health threat. Population immunity is a critical component of influenza pandemic risk assessment. We assessed the pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses and analyzed 1794 sera from 723 people (0.5-88 yrs) in multiple US geographic regions during 2021-2024. Pre-existing neutralizing and hemagglutinin (HA)-head-binding antibodies to A(H5N1) were low, but there were substantial cross-reactive binding antibodies to N1 neuraminidase

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66431-2Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Measuring Semantic Deviation: Operationalizations, Experiments, and Falsification Conditions for a Theory of Meaning as Field Deformation

Nobel Glas · 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

EA-GLAS-02 v1.0. A self-contained empirical white paper presenting the measurement program for the Semantic Deviation Principle (Sharks 2026). Defines meaning as the time-integrated divergence a sign induces from the most probable trajectory of a semantic field, extending the Bar-Hillel and Carnap (1953) program into distributional and temporal domains. Two primary operationalizations. (F1) Closed-system trajectory deviation within a frozen language model, where the counterfactual baseline is read from logits, building on surprisal theory (Hale 2001; Levy 2008) and decomposing it into signed d

View details →DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20271783Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Diagnosis value of targeted and metagenomic sequencing in respiratory tract infection

Yukun Kuang, Weiping Tan, Chaohui Hu et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Background: Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) has become a trending tool in the field of infection diagnosis, but concerns are also raising about its performance compared with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). This study aims to explore the clinical feasibility of a tNGS panel for respiratory tract infection diagnosis and compare it with mNGS in the same cohort of inpatients. Methods: 180 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected and sent to two centers for mNGS and tNGS blinded tests, respectively. The concordance between pathogen reports of both methods and th

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1498512Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Anatomic Risk Factors for Initial and Secondary Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study in 880 Female Elite Handball and Soccer Players

Yusuke Kamatsuki, Marie Synnøve Qvale, Kathrin Steffen et al. · 2024 · The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most severe injuries for athletes. It is important to identify risk factors because a better understanding of injury causation can help inform athletes about risk and increase their understanding of and motivation for injury prevention. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between anatomic factors and risk for future noncontact ACL injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 870, excluding 9 players with a new contact ACL injury and a player with a new noncontact ACL injury just before the

View details →DOI: 10.1177/03635465241292755Cited by 13
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Identifying statistically significant combinatorial markers for survival analysis

Raissa Relator, Aika Terada, Jun Sese · 2018 · BMC Medical Genomics

BACKGROUND: Survival analysis methods have been widely applied in different areas of health and medicine, spanning over varying events of interest and target diseases. They can be utilized to provide relationships between the survival time of individuals and factors of interest, rendering them useful in searching for biomarkers in diseases such as cancer. However, some disease progression can be very unpredictable because the conventional approaches have failed to consider multiple-marker interactions. An exponential increase in the number of candidate markers requires large correction factor

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0346-xCited by 13