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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21697 results · page 131 of 724

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Rescue of Infectious Rotavirus Reassortants by a Reverse Genetics System Is Restricted by the Receptor-Binding Region of VP4

Alexander Falkenhagen, Marno Huyzers, Alberdina A. van Dijk et al. · 2021 · Viruses

The rotavirus species A (RVA) capsid contains the spike protein VP4, which interacts with VP6 and VP7 and is involved in cellular receptor binding. The capsid encloses the genome consisting of eleven dsRNA segments. Reassortment events can result in novel strains with changed properties. Using a plasmid-based reverse genetics system based on simian RVA strain SA11, we previously showed that the rescue of viable reassortants containing a heterologous VP4-encoding genome segment was strain-dependent. In order to unravel the reasons for the reassortment restrictions, we designed here a series of

View details →DOI: 10.3390/v13030363Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Sub-lethal effects of energy development on a migratory mammal—The enigma of North American pronghorn

Jon P. Beckmann, Sarah H. Olson, Renee G. Seidler et al. · 2016 · Global Ecology and Conservation

To meet societal demands for energy, ∼50,000 gas sites are developed annually in North America, among which many are in western less-developed and wildlife rich areas. To evaluate effects of increasing energy infrastructure requires…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.02.001Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Mapping of stem rot resistance in peanut indicates significant effect for plant architecture locus

Sarah Agmon, Srinivas Kunta, Mery Dafny-Yelin et al. · 2022 · Crop Science

Abstract Stem rot, caused by the Sclerotium rolfsii , imposes severe yield losses in peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. Breeding for resistance is challenging because not enough is known about mechanisms for resistance. The goals of…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20803Cited by 14
Abandoned Hypothesis

Statistically responsible artificial intelligences

Nicholas Smith, Darby Vickers · 2021 · Ethics and Information Technology

Abstract As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes ubiquitous, it will be increasingly involved in novel, morally significant situations. Thus, understanding what it means for a machine to be morally responsible is important for machine…

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s10676-021-09591-1Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

SAKK 24/09: Safety and tolerability of bevacizumab plus paclitaxel versus bevacizumab plus metronomic cyclophosphamide and capecitabine as first-line therapy in patients with HER2-negative advanced stage breast cancer—A multicenter, randomized phase III trial.

Christoph Rochlitz, Roger von Moos, Martin Bigler et al. · 2014 · Journal of Clinical Oncology

518 Background: Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy has been shown to improve response rate and PFS in metastatic breast cancer. The aim of our study was to demonstrate decreased toxicity of metronomic chemotherapy/bevacizumab when…

View details →DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.518Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Uracil DNA glycosylase interacts with the p32 subunit of the replication protein A complex to modulate HIV-1 reverse transcription for optimal virus dissemination

Cécile Hérate, Clarisse Vigne, Carolin A. Guenzel et al. · 2016 · Retrovirology

BACKGROUND: Through incorporation into virus particles, the HIV-1 Vpr protein participates in the early steps of the virus life cycle by influencing the reverse transcription process. We previously showed that this positive impact on reverse transcription was related to Vpr binding to the uracil DNA glycosylase 2 enzyme (UNG2), leading to enhancement of virus infectivity in established CD4-positive cell lines via a nonenzymatic mechanism. RESULTS: We report here that Vpr can form a trimolecular complex with UNG2 and the p32 subunit (RPA32) of the replication protein A (RPA) complex and we expl

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0257-xCited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Single nucleotide polymorphism rs6716901 in SLC25A12 gene is associated with Asperger syndrome

Jaroslava Durdiaková, Varun Warrier, Simon Baron‐Cohen et al. · 2014 · Molecular Autism

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are a group of developmental conditions which affect communication, social interactions and behaviour. Mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction has been suggested as a mechanism of autism based on the results of multiple genetic association and expression studies. SLC25A12 is a gene encoding a calcium-binding carrier protein that localizes to the mitochondria and is involved in the exchange of aspartate for glutamate in the inner membrane of the mitochondria regulating the cytosolic redox state. rs2056202 SNP in this gene has previously been associated w

View details →DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-25Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Characteristics of personally important episodic memories, counterfactual thoughts, and future projections across age and culture

Müge Özbek, Annette Bohn, Dorthe Berntsen · 2020 · Applied Cognitive Psychology

Summary We have limited knowledge as to whether the phenomenological differences between episodic memories, counterfactuals, and future projections show the same pattern across age groups and diverse samples. Here we compared the…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/acp.3681Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportImmunology and Microbiology

Deficiency of ULK1/ATG1 in the follicle cells disturbs ER homeostasis and causes defective chorion deposition in the vector Rhodnius prolixus

Larissa Bomfim, Isabela Ramos · 2020 · The FASEB Journal

In insects, synthesis and deposition of the chorion (eggshell) are performed by the professional secretory follicle cells (FCs) that surround the oocytes in the course of oogenesis. Here, we found that ULK1/ATG1, an autophagy-related…

View details →DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001396rCited by 14
Negative / Null Result Report

Violent Video Games, Sexist Video Games, and the Law: Why Can't We Find Effects?

Christopher J. Ferguson · 2018 · Annual Review of Law and Social Science

During the early 2000s, several states and municipalities sought to regulate minors’ access to violent video games owing to perceived harms to minors. The resultant case law, culminating in the US Supreme Court case Brown v. EMA (2011),…

View details →DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-031036Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Underestimating Calorie Content When Healthy Foods Are Present: An Averaging Effect or a Reference-Dependent Anchoring Effect?

Suzanna Forwood, Amy L. Ahern, Gareth J Hollands et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that estimations of the calorie content of an unhealthy main meal food tend to be lower when the food is shown alongside a healthy item (e.g. fruit or vegetables) than when shown alone. This effect has been called the negative calorie illusion and has been attributed to averaging the unhealthy (vice) and healthy (virtue) foods leading to increased perceived healthiness and reduced calorie estimates. The current study aimed to replicate and extend these findings to test the hypothesized mediating effect of ratings of healthiness of foods on calorie estimat

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071475Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportSocial Sciences

Career Indecision in China

Meghan Roche, Andrea Carr, In Heok Lee et al. · 2016 · Journal of Career Assessment

This study explored the measurement equivalence of the Career Indecision Profile (CIP) in a Chinese sample with both U.S. and South Korean samples. Past measurement invariance research on the CIP in four international samples (Icelandic…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/1069072716651623Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportDecision Sciences

The influence of distractor strength and response order on MCQ responding

John E. Kiat, Ai Rene Ong, Asha Ganesan · 2017 · Educational Psychology

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) play a key role in standardised testing and in-class assessment. Research into the influence of within-item response order on MCQ characteristics has been mixed. While some researchers have shown…

View details →DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2017.1349877Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Replication of H9 influenza viruses in the human ex vivo respiratory tract, and the influence of neuraminidase on virus release

Renee W. Y. Chan, Louisa Chan, Chris Ka Pun Mok et al. · 2017 · Scientific Reports

H9N2 viruses are the most widespread influenza viruses in poultry in Asia. We evaluated the infection and tropism of human and avian H9 influenza virus in the human respiratory tract using ex vivo respiratory organ culture. H9 viruses infected the upper and lower respiratory tract and the majority of H9 viruses had a decreased ability to release virus from the bronchus rather than the lung. This may be attributed to a weak neuraminidase (NA) cleavage of carbon-6-linked sialic acid (Sia) rather than carbon-3-linked Sia. The modified cleavage of N-acetlylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylne

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05853-5Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Psychological mechanisms of offset analgesia: The effect of expectancy manipulation

Tibor M. Szikszay, Wacław M. Adamczyk, Janina Panskus et al. · 2023 · PLoS ONE

A frequently used paradigm to quantify endogenous pain modulation is offset analgesia, which is defined as a disproportionate large reduction in pain following a small decrease in a heat stimulus. The aim of this study was to determine whether suggestion influences the magnitude of offset analgesia in healthy participants. A total of 97 participants were randomized into three groups (hypoalgesic group, hyperalgesic group, control group). All participants received four heat stimuli (two constant trials and two offset trials) to the ventral, non-dominant forearm while they were asked to rate the

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280579Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Comparing qPCR and DNA methylation-based measurements of telomere length in a high-risk pediatric cohort

Waylon J. Hastings, Laura Etzel, Christine M. Heim et al. · 2022 · Aging

Various approaches exist to assess population differences in biological aging. Telomere length (TL) is one such measure, and is associated with disease, disability and early mortality. Yet, issues surrounding precision and reproducibility are a concern for TL measurement. An alternative method to estimate TL using DNA methylation (DNAmTL) was recently developed. Although DNAmTL has been characterized in adult and elderly cohorts, its utility in pediatric populations remains unknown. We examined the comparability of leukocyte TL measurements generated using qPCR (absolute TL; aTL) to those esti

View details →DOI: 10.18632/aging.203849Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportEngineering

Performance Analysis of DF Cooperative Relaying Over Bursty Impulsive Noise Channel

Md Sahabul Alam, Fabrice Labeau, Georges Kaddoum · 2016 · IEEE Transactions on Communications

In this paper, we consider the performance analysis of a decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative relaying (CR) scheme over channels impaired by bursty impulsive noise. Although the Middleton class-A model and the Bernoulli-Gaussian model give…

View details →DOI: 10.1109/tcomm.2016.2574847Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportEnvironmental Science

Evaluation of Parametric Statistical Models for Wind Speed Probability Density Estimation

Maisam Wahbah, Omar Alhussein, Tarek H. M. EL-Fouly et al. · 2018

An accurate statistical estimation of wind speed probability density at a given site is crucial when making power network planning decisions involving wind generation resources. The use of parametric probability density functions, such as…

View details →DOI: 10.1109/epec.2018.8598283Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience

On the usefulness of formal judgment tasks in syntax and in second-language research: The case of resumptive pronouns in English, Turkish, and Mandarin Chinese

John Hitz, Elaine J. Francis · 2016 · Linguistics

Abstract Gibson and Fedorenko (2013, The need for quantitative methods in syntax and semantics research, Language and Cognitive Processes 28(2), 88–124) have argued against the continued use of informally collected acceptability judgments…

View details →DOI: 10.1515/ling-2016-0033Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportBusiness, Management and Accounting

THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY ON PATIENT SATISFACTION AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN STATE OF PAHANG, MALAYSIA

Noor Azlinna Azizan, Bahari Mohamed · 2013 · Asian journal of social sciences & humanities

This study focuses on the effects of perceived service quality on patient satisfaction in a public hospital. Data was collected from 109 respondents that experienced the hospital service. Using a PLS-SEM tool, the hypothesized effects…

View details →Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

The “Wallpaper Effect” Revisited: Divergent Findings on the Effects of Intergroup Contact on Attitudes in Diverse Versus Nondiverse Contexts

Katharina Schmid, Ralf Wölfer, Herman Swart et al. · 2017 · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

This article reexamines the so-called "wallpaper effect" of intergroup contact, which contends that for minority group members living in areas more densely populated by majority group members, intergroup contact fails to reduce prejudice. We tested this claim in five studies, using data from five countries, two types of contexts, a range of measures, and involving different minority versus majority groups. Using multilevel cross-level interaction models, we considered whether effects of contact on outgroup attitudes were moderated by relative outgroup size. Results failed to replicate the prev

View details →DOI: 10.1177/0146167217711929Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Effects of adding an automated monitoring device to the health screening of postpartum Holstein cows on survival and productive and reproductive performances

Manuel A. Silva, Anderson Veronese, Anna Luiza Belli et al. · 2021 · Journal of Dairy Science

kg) than cows diagnosed with a clinical disease that had an AMD alert. Adding AMD-generated health alerts to the health screening of postpartum cows in a herd with an existing screening program did not improve survival, milk yield, or…

View details →DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18562Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

No ordered arguments needed for nouns

Scott Grimm, Louise McNally · 2026 · Proceedings of the Amsterdam Colloquium

Syntacticians have widely assumed since [11] that there is a fundamental difference between so-called argument structure nominals (AS-nominals, also called Complex Event Nominals), e.g. destruction, and non-AS-nominals, e.g. book ([1, 5], i.a.). Grimshaw provided a list of properties characterizing AS-nominals, most notably that they have obligatory arguments (e.g. the destruction *(of Carthage) by the Romans). She and others have associated having argument structure with having event structure, but it has never been clear what having or lacking such structures amounts to semantically. In this

View details →DOI: 10.53437/c73d2139Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of substance use disorders among US veterans with type 2 diabetes: cohort study

Miao Cai, Taeyoung Choi, Yan Xie et al. · 2026 · BMJ

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists is associated with both reduced risks of incident alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, opioid, and other substance use disorders (SUDs) in…

View details →DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2025-086886Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Volumetric urban sprawl: Horizontal and vertical growth in two metropolitans

Alì Soltani, Parviz Azizi, Aliasghar Rahimioun et al. · 2025 · Journal of Urban Management

The escalating complexities of rapid urbanization necessitate a paradigm shift in urban form evaluation, moving beyond traditional horizontal analyses to incorporate the crucial dimension of vertical growth. This study pioneers a volumetric approach, integrating 3D and 2D spatial analyses, to dissect compactness, sprawl, and their underlying drivers across two contrasting metropolitan regions: the Tehran Metropolitan Region (TMR) and the Greater Sydney Region (GSR) over a 40-year period (1980s–2020s). Our findings reveal a striking dichotomy: TMR exhibits pronounced ‘vertical sprawl,’ characte

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2025.03.006Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and PET Imaging for Drug Discovery: A Paradigm Shift in Immunotherapy

Jeremy McGale, Harrison J. Howell, Arnaud Beddok et al. · 2024 · Pharmaceuticals

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has the potential to become a powerful tool in drug discovery. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research and highlight the potential for this alliance to advance pharmaceutical innovation by accelerating the development and deployment of novel therapeutics. We previously performed a scoping review of three databases (Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL), identifying 87 studies published between 2018 and 2022 relevant to medical imaging (e.g., CT, PET, MRI), immunotherapy, arti

View details →DOI: 10.3390/ph17020210Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEarth and Planetary Sciences

Revising the Giant Planet Mass–Metallicity Relation: Deciphering the Formation Sequence of Giant Planets

Yayaati Chachan, Jonathan J. Fortney, Kazumasa Ohno et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract The rate at which giant planets accumulate solids and gas is a critical component of planet formation models, yet it is extremely challenging to predict from first principles. Characterizing the heavy element (everything other than hydrogen and helium) content of giant planets provides important clues about their provenance. Using thermal evolution models with an updated H–He equation of state and atmospheric boundary conditions that vary with envelope metallicity, we quantify the bulk heavy element content of 147 warm (<1000 K) giant planets with well-measured masses and radii, mo

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae0cbfCited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Artificial Intelligence for Exosomal Biomarker Discovery for Cardiovascular Diseases: Multi-Omics Integration, Reproducibility, and Translational Prospects

Rasit Dinc, Nurittin Ardıç · 2026 · Cells

Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry microRNAs, proteins, and lipids that reflect cardiovascular pathophysiology and can enable minimally invasive biomarker discovery. However, EV datasets are highly dimensional and heterogeneous, strongly influenced by pre-analytic variables and non-standardized isolation/characterization workflows, limiting reproducibility across studies. Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and network-based approaches, can support EV biomarker development by integrating multi-omics profiles with clinical metada

View details →DOI: 10.3390/cells15030304Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

The Effect of Omitted Variables on the Sign of Regression Coefficients

Matthew A. Masten, Alexandre Poirier · 2026 · American Economic Review

We show that, depending on how the impact of omitted variables is measured, it can be substantially easier for omitted variables to flip coefficient signs than to drive them to zero. This behavior occurs with “Oster's delta” (Oster 2019a),…

View details →DOI: 10.1257/aer.20230242Cited by 14