e-ISSN: Pending
Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

20211 results in Negative / Null Result Report · page 95 of 674

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

To interact or not to interact: The pros and cons of including interactions in linear regression models

Aljoscha Rimpler, Henk A. L. Kiers, Don van Ravenzwaaij · 2025 · Behavior Research Methods

Interaction effects are very common in the psychological literature. However, interaction effects are typically very small and often fail to replicate. In this study, we conducted a simulation comparing the generalizability and estimability of two linear regression models: one correctly specified to account for interaction effects and one misspecified including simple effects only. We manipulated noise levels, predictor variable correlations, and different sets of regression weights, resulting in 9216 different conditions. From each dataset, we drew 1000 samples of N = 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, a

View details →DOI: 10.3758/s13428-025-02613-6Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience

Paying for performance: Performance incentives increase desire for the reward object.

Julia D. Hur, Loran F. Nordgren · 2016 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

The current research examines how exposure to performance incentives affects one's desire for the reward object. We hypothesized that the flexible nature of performance incentives creates an attentional fixation on the reward object (e.g.,…

View details →DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000059Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparisons between Murine Polyomavirus and Simian Virus 40 Show Significant Differences in Small T Antigen Function

Shaida Andrabi, Justin H. Hwang, Jennifer Kean Choe et al. · 2011 · Journal of Virology

Although members of a virus family produce similar gene products, those products may have quite different functions. Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (LT), for example, targets p53 directly, but murine polyomavirus LT does not. SV40…

View details →DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05034-11Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportNeuroscience

A plague on both your houses: virtue theory after situationism and repligate

Mark Alfano · 2018 · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)

Virtues are dispositions that make their bearers admirable. Dispositions can be studied scientifically by systematically varying whether their alleged bearers are in (or take themselves to be in) the dispositions' eliciting conditions. In…

View details →DOI: 10.4454/teoria.v38i2.49Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Significant association between clinical characteristics and immuno-phenotypes in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis

Kotaro Matsumoto, Katsuya Suzuki, Keiko Yoshimoto et al. · 2019 · Lara D. Veeken

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the association between clinical characteristics and immuno-phenotypes in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS: Peripheral blood from 36 patients with active AAV and 18 healthy controls was…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez327Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Simple questionnaires outperform behavioral tasks to measure socio-emotional skills in students

Mélusine Boon-Falleur, Adrien Bouguen, Axelle Charpentier et al. · 2022 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Recent empirical research has shown that improving socio-emotional skills such as grit, conscientiousness and self-control leads to higher academic achievement and better life outcomes. However, both theoretical and empirical…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04046-5Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Photovoltaic fields largely outperform afforestation efficiency in global climate change mitigation strategies

Rafael Stern, Jonathan D Muller, Eyal Rotenberg et al. · 2023 · PNAS Nexus

Abstract Suppression of carbon emissions through photovoltaic (PV) energy and carbon sequestration through afforestation provides complementary climate change mitigation (CCM) strategies. However, a quantification of the “break-even time”…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad352Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Intracranial Pressure Changes following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Lack of Significant Change in the Absence of Mass Lesions or Hypoxia

Levon Gabrielian, Luke W. Willshire, Stephen C. Helps et al. · 2011 · Journal of Neurotrauma

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes raised intracranial pressure (ICP), with >50% of all TBI- related deaths being associated with this increase in ICP. To date, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for TBI, partly because…

View details →DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1785Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Did Osteoblastic Cell Therapy Improve the Prognosis of Pre-fracture Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head? A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Jean-Philippe Hauzeur, Chantal Lechanteur, Etienne Baudoux et al. · 2019 · Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research

Abstract Background In patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), implantation of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) could delay the progression of osteonecrosis and improve symptoms in pre-fracture ONFH.…

View details →DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001107Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Resolving data bias improves generalization in binding affinity prediction

David Graber, Peter Stockinger, Fabian Meyer et al. · 2025 · Nature Machine Intelligence

The field of computational drug design requires accurate scoring functions to predict binding affinities for protein-ligand interactions. However, train-test data leakage between the PDBbind database and the Comparative Assessment of Scoring Function benchmark datasets has severely inflated the performance metrics of currently available deep-learning-based binding affinity prediction models, leading to overestimation of their generalization capabilities. Here we address this issue by proposing PDBbind CleanSplit, a training dataset curated by a new structure-based filtering algorithm that elim

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s42256-025-01124-5Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

How to interpret a discovery or null result of the $$0\nu 2\beta $$ 0 ν 2 β decay

Zhi-zhong Xing, Zhen-hua Zhao, Ye-Ling Zhou · 2015 · The European Physical Journal C

The Majorana nature of massive neutrinos will be crucially probed in the next-generation experiments of the neutrinoless double-beta ( $$0\nu 2\beta $$ ) decay. The effective mass term of this process, $$\langle m\rangle _{ee}$$ , may be contaminated by new physics. So how to interpret a discovery or null result of the $$0\nu 2\beta $$ decay in the foreseeable future is highly nontrivial. In this paper we introduce a novel three-dimensional description of $$|\langle m\rangle _{ee}|$$ , which allows us to see its sensitivity to the lightest neutrino mass and two Majorana phases in a transparent

View details →DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3656-6Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Six-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis

John K. Forrest, Steven J. Yakubov, G. Michael Deeb et al. · 2026 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology

BACKGROUND: The Evolut Low Risk trial enrolled patients with severe aortic stenosis at low surgical risk. Annual follow-up is planned for 10 years, evaluating the composite of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke and key secondary…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2026.02.5063Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Novel SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sequence Bioinformatic Pipeline Has Found Genetic Evidence That the Viral 3′ Untranslated Region (UTR) Is Evolving and Generating Increased Viral Diversity

Carlos Farkas, Andy Mella, Maxime Turgeon et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Microbiology

An unprecedented amount of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing has been performed, however, novel bioinformatic tools to cope with and process these large datasets is needed. Here, we have devised a bioinformatic pipeline that inputs SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing in FASTA/FASTQ format and outputs a single Variant Calling Format file that can be processed to obtain variant annotations and perform downstream population genetic testing. As proof of concept, we have analyzed over 229,000 SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences up until November 30, 2020. We have identified over 39,000 variants worldwide with increased polymo

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.665041Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

An intraoperative load sensor did not improve the early postoperative results of posterior‐stabilized TKA for osteoarthritis with varus deformities

Sang Jun Song, Se Gu Kang, Yeon Je Lee et al. · 2018 · Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

Abstract Purpose In the present study, the early results of sensor‐assisted versus manually balanced posterior‐stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis with varus deformities were prospectively compared. Methods Fifty…

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5314-7Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Natural killer cell functional genetics and donor-specific antibody-triggered microvascular inflammation

Matthias Diebold, Hannes Vietzen, Andreas Heinzel et al. · 2023 · American Journal of Transplantation

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a leading cause of graft failure. Emerging evidence suggests a significant contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to microvascular inflammation (MVI). We investigated the influence of genetically determined NK cell functionality on ABMR development and activity. The study included 86 kidney transplant recipients subjected to systematic biopsies triggered by donor-specific antibody detection. We performed killer immunoglobulin-like receptor typing to predict missing self and genotyped polymorphisms determining NK cell functionality (FCGR3AV/F158 [rs39699

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.005Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Yeast Species, Strains, and Growth Media Mediate Attraction of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Rodrigo Lasa, Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente, Anne Gschaedler et al. · 2019 · Insects

Specific ecological interactions between insects and microbes have potential in the development of targeted pest monitoring or control techniques for the spotted wing drosophilid, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an exotic invasive pest of soft fruit. To evaluate D. suzukii attraction to yeast species from preferred types of fruit, three yeasts were isolated from blackberry fruit and two yeasts from raspberry fruit and used to bait simple plastic bottle traps. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum were identified from blackberries, whereas a different H. uvarum strain was identified

View details →DOI: 10.3390/insects10080228Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Across Date Species Detection Using Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy

Anthony Laybros, Daniel Schläpfer, Jean‐Baptiste Féret et al. · 2019 · Remote Sensing

Imaging spectroscopy is a promising tool for airborne tree species recognition in hyper-diverse tropical canopies. However, its widespread application is limited by the signal sensitivity to acquisition parameters, which may require new training data in every new area of application. This study explores how various pre-processing steps may improve species discrimination and species recognition under different operational settings. In the first experiment, a classifier was trained and applied on imaging spectroscopy data acquired on a single date, while in a second experiment, the classifier wa

View details →DOI: 10.3390/rs11070789Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Mobile Money Use and Healthcare Utilization: Evidence from Rural Uganda

Hiroyuki Egami, Tomoya Matsumoto · 2020 · Sustainability

Lack of cash on hand is a significant obstacle in accessing healthcare services in developing countries. Many expectant mothers in the least developed countries do not receive sufficient care during pregnancy due to financial constraints. If such hurdles in accessing healthcare can be overcome, it will contribute to reduction in maternal and newborn mortality, which is a key target of Sustainable Development Goal 3. This study reports the first assessment of the impact of mobile money services on maternal care utilization. We hypothesize that mobile money adoption would motivate rural Ugandan

View details →DOI: 10.3390/su12093741Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Female Chess Players Outperform Expectations When Playing Men

Tom Stafford · 2018 · Psychological Science

Stereotype threat has been offered as a potential explanation of differential performance between men and women in some cognitive domains. Questions remain about the reliability and generality of the phenomenon. Previous studies have found…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/0956797617736887Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Perinatal and psychosocial circumstances associated with risk of attempted suicide, non-suicidal self-injury and psychiatric service use. A longitudinal study of young people

Robert Young, Daniel Vincent Riordan, Cameron Stark · 2011 · BMC Public Health

BACKGROUND: Past studies using large population based datasets link certain perinatal circumstances (birth weight, parity, etc) with mental health outcomes such as suicide, self-harm and psychiatric problems. Problematically, population datasets omit a number of social confounds. The aim of this study is to replicate past research linking perinatal circumstances and mental health (suicidality and use of psychiatric services) and to determine if such associations remain after adjusting for social circumstances. METHODS: A longitudinal school-based survey of 2157 young people (surveyed at age 11

View details →DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-875Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportSocial Sciences

A change of scenery: Does the setting of an instructional video affect learning?

Martin Merkt, Sabrina Lux, Vincent Hoogerheide et al. · 2019 · Journal of Educational Psychology

Two experiments investigated the effects of an instructional video's setting on learners' retention and application of the video content. Experiment 1 explored competing hypotheses based on theoretical assumptions about whether an…

View details →DOI: 10.1037/edu0000414Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lenvatinib Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Improve Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

Xiaozhun Huang, Lin Xu, Teng Ma et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Oncology

BACKGROUND: Nivolumab and pembrolizumab disrupt the programmed cell death-1 immune checkpoint and display promising efficacy and safety results in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the benefits remain limited. The preliminary results of lenvatinib (LEN) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reveal that the combinations were well-tolerated and encouraging. This study aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of LEN plus ICIs in a real-world cohort of patients with advanced HCC. METHOD: Between June 4, 2017, and June 30, 2019, 16 patients received LEN plus nivolumab, a

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751159Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner

Madeleine P. J. White, Chris Johnston, John R. Grainger et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Immunology

Helminth parasites are effective in biasing Th2 immunity and inducing regulatory pathways that minimise excessive inflammation within their hosts, thus allowing chronic infection to occur whilst also suppressing bystander atopic or autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disease characterised by inflammatory lesions within the central nervous system; there are very limited therapeutic options for the progressive forms of the disease and none are curative. Here, we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model to examine if the intestinal helminth He

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01830Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Characterization of Osmotically Induced Filaments of Salmonella enterica

Zachary L. Pratt, Bingming Chen, Charles J. Czuprynski et al. · 2012 · Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Salmonella enterica forms aseptate filaments with multiple nucleoids when cultured in hyperosmotic conditions. These osmotic-induced filaments are viable and form single colonies on agar plates even though they contain multiple genomes and…

View details →DOI: 10.1128/aem.01784-12Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Testing Efficiency of the London Metal Exchange: New Evidence

Jaehwan Park, Byungkwon Lim · 2018 · International Journal of Financial Studies

This paper explores the market efficiency of the six base metals traded on the LME (London Metal Exchange) using daily data from January 2000 to June 2016. The hypothesis that futures prices 3M (3-month) are unbiased predictors of spot prices (cash) in the LME is rejected based on the false premise that the financialization of commodities has been growing. For the robustness check, monthly data is analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) and GARCH (1,1) models. We reject the null hypothesis for all metals except for zinc.

View details →DOI: 10.3390/ijfs6010032Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cβ Does Not Improve Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Joshua A. Beckman, Allison B. Goldfine, Alison Goldin et al. · 2010 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

CONTEXT: Antagonism of protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta) restores endothelial function in experimental models of diabetes and prevents vascular dysfunction in response to hyperglycemia in healthy humans. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis…

View details →DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0286Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Complete Atrioventricular Block does not Reduce Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

José Marı́a Tolosana, Emilce Trucco, Malek Khatib et al. · 2013 · European Journal of Heart Failure

AIMS: A maximum percentage of ventricular pacing is mandatory to obtain a good response to CRT. Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation has been recommended to attain this objective in patients with AF. THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: (i) to…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft114Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

ALOX12 polymorphisms are associated with fat mass but not peak bone mineral density in Chinese nuclear families

W-J Xiao, J-W He, H Zhang et al. · 2010 · International Journal of Obesity

OBJECTIVE: Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) is a member of the lipoxygenase superfamily, which catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids. The products of ALOX12 reactions serve as endogenous…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.157Cited by 26