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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21742 results · page 671 of 725

Methods Dead-EndOpen access

The Influence of Internal Village Development Strategies Increase Village Income Through Village Owned Business Entity (Bumdes) in the Village Sei Red, Tanjung Morawa District Deli Serdang Regency

Y. Ekawati, D. Sari · 2022 · International journal of economics

This study aims to determine whether the village development strategy has an effect on increasing village income in Sei Merah Village, Kec . Tj Morawa . The method used in this study is a quantitative method with several tests, namely…

View details →DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v1i1.81
Methods Dead-EndOpen accessComputer Science

PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DI SPBU 34-17123 HARAPAN INDAH – BEKASI

Delvira Juang Utami, Vera Ramadhanty, Fatimah Azzahra · 2020 · Business Management Journal

Business competition in this modern era is so diverse, that business people who provide products and services must be able to make every effort and effort to be able to survive in the business that is being run. Currently for product…

View details →DOI: 10.30813/bmj.v16i1.2014
Negative / Null Result Report

Effects of Acid and Alkali Pretreatments on the Degradation Patterns and Structural Properties of Lignocellulose in Energy Crop Arundo donax L.

Zhennan He, Guolin Yang, Siyi Wang et al. · 2026 · Agronomy

Arundo donax L. is a significant energy crop and perennial grass, with its efficient conversion holding substantial implications for the utilization of agricultural biomass resources. However, the distinct effects of acid and alkali…

View details →DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16100986
Short NoteOpen access

Karakteristik Sampah Makroplastik di Pantai Wisata Lamaru Kota Balikpapan

Ayla Nursari, Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga, Ristiana Eryati · 2023 · JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN

Marine debris is one of the environmental problems in Indonesia's coastal and marine areas, especially macroplastics. One of the coastal areas with macroplastic problems is the tourist beach, which may adversely affect the coastal…

View details →DOI: 10.29303/jstl.v9i2.431
Short Note

Appplication of Biochar and Rice Husk Ash to sulfur Absorption, Growth and Production of Shallots Plant (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Sri Pratiwi Aritonang, E. Sianipar, Efbertias Sitorus et al. · 2025 · Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA

In this study, the application of biochar and rice husk ash to sulfur uptake, growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) aims to determine the effect of biochar and rice husk ash on the growth and production of shallots…

View details →DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.11115
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMusic

Commentary on Lee & Zaryab

Olivier Senn · 2023 · Empirical Musicology Review

The study by Lee & Zaryab (this issue) investigated whether listening to high-groove music affects how heterosexual observers rate the attractiveness of people from the opposite sex. They found a very small positive effect of high-groove music on the male observers, but no effect on females. In my commentary, I argue for a more conservative interpretation of the results than the one offered by the authors.

View details →DOI: 10.18061/emr.v17i2.9586
Short Note

The Effect of Content-Related and Unrelated Humor on Academic Engagement in Fourth-Grade Male Elementary Students

Mehrzad Tavakolian, Hassan Asadzadeh, S. Hosseini-Almadani et al. · 2025 · KMAN Counseling and Psychology Nexus

This study aimed to investigate the effect of content-related and content-unrelated humor on academic engagement among fourth-grade male students in Tehran. A quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group…

View details →DOI: 10.61838/kman.ec.psynexus.3.11
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)

Innovative polymer-based electrochemical platform for detecting ESAT-6 in human blood for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis

Xiu-An Ye, Shu-Hong Lin, Liang-Yu Chen et al. · 2025 · Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), necessitates early diagnosis for effective patient care. Despite advancements in TB diagnostics, there remains an urgent need to discover innovative non-sputum-based methods to detect Mtb-specific antigens for TB patient identification. We have developed a polymer-based electrochemical biosensor for detecting an Mtb-specific antigen, the 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6), in blood. Using a gold electrode (Au), the biosensor is created by electropolymerizing poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) with carboxyl grou

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100816
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental sciences

Microbial Contamination of Handwashing Water and Tap Surfaces in Addis Ababa Hospitals: A Threat to Infection Prevention

Abayneh Melaku, Tesfaye Admassu Abate, Argaw Ambelu · 2025 · Environmental Health Insights

Introduction: Hand hygiene is a cornerstone of infection prevention; however, the water and infrastructure used for handwashing can themselves become sources of microbial contamination. This study assessed the water quality and sanitary conditions of hand hygiene facilities in public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2025 in 10 hospitals. Forty samples were collected, including 20 tap water samples and 20 swab samples from tap handles. A sanitary survey evaluated water supply and hand hygiene station

View details →DOI: 10.1177/11786302251389704
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impairment of retrograde neuronal transport in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy demonstrated by molecular imaging.

Dawid Schellingerhout, Lucia G LeRoux, Brian P Hobbs et al. · 2012 · PLoS ONE

Background and purpose The purpose of our study was to utilize a molecular imaging technology based on the retrograde axonal transport mechanism (neurography), to determine if oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity affects retrograde axonal transport in an animal model. Materials and methods Mice (n = 8/group) were injected with a cumulative dose of 30 mg/kg oxaliplatin (sufficient to induce neurotoxicity) or dextrose control injections. Intramuscular injections of Tetanus Toxin C-fragment (TTc) labeled with Alexa 790 fluorescent dye were done (15 ug/20 uL) in the left calf muscles, and in vivo flu

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045776
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Antioxidative activity and protective effect of probiotics against high-fat diet-induced sperm damage in rats

X.L. Chen, L.Z. Gong, J.X. Xu · 2013 · Animal

In this study, antioxidant capability and protective effect of probiotics on reproductive damage induced by diet oxidative stress were investigated. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rats in each group. The control group consumed a normal standard diet (5% fat, w/w). The other two treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet (20% fat, w/w), and a high-fat diet supplemented with 2% probiotics (w/w), respectively. At the end of the experimental period, that is, after 6 weeks, rats were killed. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione p

View details →DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112001528
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessInfectious and parasitic diseases

Safety Evaluation of Topical Application of Nano-Liposomal Form of Amphotericin B (SinaAmpholeish) on Healthy Volunteers: Phase I Clinical Trial

Seyed Ebrahim ESKANDARI, Alireza FIROOZ, Mansour NASSIRI-KASHANI et al. · 2019 · Iranian Journal of Parasitology

Background: We aimed to evaluate the safety of SinaAmpholeish in a double-blind, randomized, phase 1 clinical trial in healthy human volunteers. Methods: The study was carried out in DermaLab of Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2012. A topical Nano-liposomal formulation of 0.4% Amphotericin B was developed against Leishmania under trade name of SinaAmpholeish. In this randomized, double-blind, right-left, comparative, phase I clinical trial, in 2 steps; 7 and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited and applied Si

View details →DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v14i2.1130
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Relationship between time under tension of muscle in resistance training with angiogenesis effective factors in inactive girls

Raziyeh Shiri, Mahsa Abdi, Sadegh Amani Shalamzari · 2022 · فیزیولوژی ورزش و فعالیت بدنی

Purpose: One of the changes that occurs in the vascular structure of skeletal muscle during exercise to resolving stress is the process of angiogenesis that has been considered by researchers. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6-week resistance training with different Time under Tension (TUT) on some serum vascular growth factors in inactive girls.Methods: 20 female volunteer students (mean age 22.3 yrs) were randomly and equally divided into two groups with different TUT of (1s – 1s) and (2s – 4s). Resistance training was performed for 6-week, three times per week,

View details →DOI: 10.52547/joeppa.15.1.97
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system

Characteristics of vestibular migraine, probable vestibular migraine, and recurrent vertigo of childhood in caloric and video head impulse tests

Qin Zhang, Qin Zhang, Qin Zhang et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Neurology

ObjectiveVertigo is very common in children, but the specific diagnosis and characteristics are not clear. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of caloric test (CT) and video head impulse test (vHIT) in vestibular migraine of childhood (VMC), probable vestibular migraine of childhood (PVMC), and recurrent vertigo of childhood (RVC), which can provide a reference value for their clinical diagnosis.MethodsWe selected VMC, PVMC and RVC patients under 18 years of age from the outpatient Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery between May 2021 and August 20

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1050282
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOphthalmology

Comparison of microbiology and visual outcomes of patients undergoing small-gauge and 20-gauge vitrectomy for endophthalmitis

Almeida DRP, Chin EK, Shah SS et al. · 2016 · Clinical Ophthalmology

David RP Almeida,1 Eric K Chin,2,3 Shaival S Shah,3 Benjamin Bakall,3 Karen M Gehrs,3 H Culver Boldt,3 Stephen R Russell,3 James C Folk,3 Vinit B Mahajan3,41VitreoRetinal Surgery PA, Minneapolis, MN, 2Retina Consultants of Southern California, Riverside, CA, 3Vitreoretinal Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 4Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USABackground: The role of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for endophthalmitis has evolved over recent decades but the literature is lacking on comparisons between small-gauge and 20-gauge vitrectomy.Objective: To eval

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Comparing Different Ways of Position on Vascular Complications after Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial

MR Yeganekhah, T Dadkhahe Tehrani, MT Ziyuayinejad · 2012 · Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Qum

Background and Objectives: Coronary angiography is the golden diagnostic test for coronary heart disease that causes various vascular complications. To prevent these complications, patients are completely restricted in bed. Changing position is considered an alteration in routine care protocols after coronary angiography, improving patients’ comfort and satisfaction that is considered in current studies. The purpose of this study is the comparing different ways of position on vascular complications after coronary angiography. Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out in post angiograp

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effective Factors in Clinical Education Quality from the Viewpoints of Operation Room and Anesthesiology Students in Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences

Hashem Heshmati, Karim darvishpour · 2015 · مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی

Introduction: Clinical education is one of the most important aspects of medical and paramedical students' education and has a determining role in the professional future of these students as well as other professionals in health care. So this study aimed to evaluate the effective factors in the quality of clinical education from the viewpoints of operation room and Anesthesiology students in Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a number of 115 students of operation room and Anesthesiology studying in Torbat Heydarieh university o

Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Metascientific replication project with the advanced meta-experimental protocol of the transparent psi project procedures for testing the precognitive effect claimed by Bem.

Jan Walleczek, Nikolaus von Stillfried, Stefan Schmidt et al. · 2025 · PLoS ONE

This metascientific project studied the replicability of Bem Experiment 1, which had claimed a precognitive effect, i.e., the ability to successfully guess the outcome of future random events (Bem. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;100: 407-25). The use of advanced methodologies-based on the advanced meta-experimental protocol (AMP) and transparent psi project (TPP) procedures-reduced the risk of false discoveries as a function of (i) confirmation bias, (ii) non-transparency, and (iii) intrinsic measurement bias. The combined AMP-TPP test strategy performed three replication studies with a total of 26,

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0335330
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessPsychology

Problems of the defining the dimensions of the Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory

Smederevac Snežana, Mitrović Dušanka · 2005 · Psihologija

Jeffrey Gray has modified Eysenck's system by rotating the dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism by 45 degrees, which resulted in two new dimensions: impulsivity (behavioral approach system) and anxiety (behavioral inhibition system). The main purpose of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scale, inventory for assessment of dimensions included in Gray's theory, in order to, also, test the foundation of the Gray's constructs themselves. 476 participants were included, age 17 to 77. All subjects completed The BIS/BAS scale (Carver & White, 1994) and The Big Five

View details →DOI: 10.2298/psi0503311s
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Production location of the gelling agent Phytagel has a significant impact on Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis.

Caitlin N Jacques, Anna K Hulbert, Shelby Westenskow et al. · 2020 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND:Recently, it was found that 1% Phytagel plates used to conduct Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis no longer reproduced previously published results. This Phytagel, which is produced in China (Phytagel C), has replace American-made Phytagel (Phytagel), which is no longer commercially available. In this study, we present the impact of Phytagel produced in the United States vs. China on seedling phenotypic analysis. As a part of this study, an alternative gelling agent has been identified that is capable of reproducing previously published seedling morphometrics. RESULTS

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228515
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Evidence for a single rather than a triple dissociation in the medial temporal lobe: An fMRI recognition memory replication study

Julie Van, Sam E. Nielsen, C. Brock Kirwan · 2022 · NeuroImage: Reports

Common research practices in neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging may produce outcomes that are difficult to replicate. Results that cannot be replicated have contributed to a replication crisis in psychology, neuroscience, and other disciplines over the years. Here we replicate two previous papers in which the authors present two analysis paths for a dataset in which participants underwent fMRI while performing a recognition memory test for old and new words. Both studies found activation in the medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, with the first demonst

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100135
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

Hematopoietic cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by NK cells and immune evasion.

Shunchuan Zhang, Lauren E Springer, Han-Zhi Rao et al. · 2021 · PLoS Pathogens

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes clinically important diseases in immune compromised and immune immature individuals. Based largely on work in the mouse model of murine (M)CMV, there is a consensus that myeloid cells are important for disseminating CMV from the site of infection. In theory, such dissemination should expose CMV to cell-mediated immunity and thus necessitate evasion of T cells and NK cells. However, this hypothesis remains untested. We constructed a recombinant MCMV encoding target sites for the hematopoietic specific miRNA miR-142-3p in the essential viral gene IE3. This virus diss

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009255
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

A chimeric vaccine derived from Australian genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice from lethal challenge

Jessica J. Harrison, Wilson Nguyen, Mahali S. Morgan et al. · 2024 · npj Vaccines

Abstract In 2022, a genotype IV (GIV) strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) caused an unprecedented and widespread outbreak of disease in pigs and humans in Australia. As no veterinary vaccines against JEV are approved in Australia and all current approved human and veterinary vaccines are derived from genotype (G) III JEV strains, we used the recently described insect-specific Binjari virus (BinJV) chimeric flavivirus vaccine technology to produce a JEV GIV vaccine candidate. Herein we describe the production of a chimeric virus displaying the structural prM and E proteins of a JEV GIV

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00903-2
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system

Fingolimod modulates microglial activation to augment markers of remyelination

Baker David, Giovannoni Gavin, Jackson Samuel J · 2011 · Journal of Neuroinflammation

Abstract Introduction Microglial activation in multiple sclerosis has been postulated to contribute to long-term neurodegeneration during disease. Fingolimod has been shown to impact on the relapsing remitting phase of disease by modulating autoreactive T-cell egress from lymph organs. In addition, it is brain penetrant and has been shown to exert multiple effects on nervous system cells. Methods In this study, the impact of fingolimod and other sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor active molecules following lysophosphotidyl choline-induced demyelination was examined in the rat telencephalon reagg

View details →DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-76
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Modulating Cortical Instrument Representations During Auditory Stream Segregation and Integration With Polyphonic Music

Lars Hausfeld, Lars Hausfeld, Niels R. Disbergen et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Neuroscience

Numerous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that the auditory cortex tracks ongoing speech and that, in multi-speaker environments, tracking of the attended speaker is enhanced compared to the other irrelevant speakers. In contrast to speech, multi-instrument music can be appreciated by attending not only on its individual entities (i.e., segregation) but also on multiple instruments simultaneously (i.e., integration). We investigated the neural correlates of these two modes of music listening using electroencephalography (EEG) and sound envelope tracking. To this end, we presented uniquely com

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.635937
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Word learning in the field: Adapting a laboratory-based task for testing in remote Papua New Guinea.

Karen E Mulak, Hannah S Sarvasy, Alba Tuninetti et al. · 2021 · PLoS ONE

Adapting laboratory psycholinguistic methods to fieldwork contexts can be fraught with difficulties. However, successful implementation of such methods in the field enhances our ability to learn the true extent and limitations of human behavior. This paper reports two attempts to run word learning experiments with the small community of Nungon speakers in Towet village in the Saruwaged Mountains, Papua New Guinea. A first attempt involved running a cross-situational task in which word-object pairings were presented ambiguously in each trial, and an explicit word learning task in which pairings

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257393
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAstrophysics

Constraining the Faint-end Slope of the Fast Radio Burst Energy Function Using CHIME/FRB Catalog-1 and Local Volume Galaxies

Mohit Bhardwaj, Victoria M. Kaspi, K. W. Masui et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Despite hundreds of detected fast radio bursts (FRBs), the faint-end slope ( γ ) of their energy distribution remains poorly constrained, hindering understanding of whether bright, cosmological FRBs and faint, Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154-like bursts share a common origin. In this study, we constrain this faint-end slope, modeled with a Schechter-like distribution, by searching for potential associations between bursts from the CHIME/FRB Catalog-1 and galaxies in the Local Volume. We crossmatched CHIME/FRB Catalog-1 FRBs with 495 Local Volume galaxies within 21 Mpc, identified from the HECA

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aded17
Replication FailureOpen accessNuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity

Search for excited tau leptons in the ττγ final state in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{\text{s}}$$ = 13 TeV

The CMS collaboration, A. Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan et al. · 2025 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Abstract Results are presented for a test of the compositeness of the heaviest charged lepton, τ, using data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data were collected in 2016–2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1. This analysis searches for tau lepton pair production in which one of the tau leptons is produced in an excited state and decays to a ground state tau lepton and a photon. The event selection consists of two isolated tau lepton decay candidates and a high-energy photon. The mass of

View details →DOI: 10.1007/jhep06(2025)006