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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21314 results · page 409 of 711

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSurgery

Congestive ischemic colitis occurring after resection of left colon cancer: 4 case series

Takatsugu Fujii, Shigeo Toda, Yuki Nishihara et al. · 2020 · Surgical Case Reports

Abstract Background Ischemic colitis can occur after colectomy and is sometimes difficult to treat. We report 4 cases of refractory, delayed onset, regional congestive colitis occurring on the anal side of the anastomosis after laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. Case presentation A total of 191 patients underwent surgery for left colon cancer (transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon cancer) at our hospital from January 2012 to December 2017. During the procedures, the left colic artery (LCA) or sigmoid colic artery (SA) was dissected, the superior rectal artery (SRA) was preserved, and the inf

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00919-5
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Analisis Pengaruh Job Demand terhadap Work Engagement melalui Burnout

Barrotul Jazilah · 2020

The aim of this research was to explore burnout, work engagement, and job demand among debt collector workers. The total available population of employees (N= 32) Consumer Collection and Remedial Unit Bank Tabungan Negara Cabang Surabaya…

View details →DOI: 10.26740/jim.v8n3.p1038-1049
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessInfectious and parasitic diseases

Charlson Comorbidity Index Based On Hospital Episode Statistics Performs Adequately In Predicting Mortality, But Its Discriminative Ability Diminishes Over Time

Pylväläinen J, Talala K, Murtola T et al. · 2019 · Clinical Epidemiology

Juho Pylväläinen,1–3 Kirsi Talala,4 Teemu Murtola,5–7 Kimmo Taari,8 Jani Raitanen,1,9 Teuvo L Tammela,6 Anssi Auvinen1 1Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere, Finland; 2Helsinki University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Helsinki, Finland; 3Helsinki University Central Hospital, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki, Finland; 4Cancer Society of Finland, Finnish Cancer Registry, Mass Screening Registry, Helsinki, Finland; 5Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Biomechanical Analysis Evaluating Meniscal Extrusion After Knotless Suture Anchor Fixation for Segmental Medial Meniscal Allograft Transplantation

Phob Ganokroj MD, Bradley W. Fossum BA, Justin Hollenbeck MSc et al. · 2023 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Segmental medial meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has been shown to restore knee biomechanics; however, stable fixation of the transplantation is critical to avoid extrusion and maximize healing. Purpose: To evaluate the degree of meniscal extrusion and biomechanical function of segmental medial MAT performed with meniscocapsular sutures versus repair augmentation with knotless suture anchors. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Segmental midbody medial meniscectomy and subsequent segmental medial MAT were performed on 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. The kn

View details →DOI: 10.1177/23259671231182978
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDairy processing. Dairy products

Effects of feeding sulfate trace minerals above recommendations on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, lactational performance, and trace mineral excretion in dairy cows

Camélia Marchand, Isabelle Royer, Rachel Gervais et al. · 2024 · Journal of Dairy Science

ABSTRACT: Most trace minerals (TM) are fed above dairy cow requirements in commercial herds but their fate and effects on dairy cows have not been well documented. In this study, we evaluated the effects of feeding short-term sulfate TM above recommendations on apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation characteristics, serum concentrations, and milk yield and composition, as well as milk, fecal, and urinary TM excretion in midlactation dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows with an average body weight (± SD) of 684 ± 29 kg at 82 ± 10 DIM in a quadruple 2 × 2 cros

View details →DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24761
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Nurses Use of Critical Care Pain Observational Tool in Patients with Low Consciousness

Ahmad-Ali Asadi-Noghabi, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Mitra Zolfaghari et al. · 2015 · Oman Medical Journal

Objectives: The diagnosis of pain in patients with low consciousness is a major challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, the use of behavioral tools for pain assessment could be an effective tool to manage pain in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on pain management by nurses using a critical care pain observational tool in patients with a decreased level of consciousness. Methods: Our research used a before and after design to evaluate the ability of nurses to manage pain in patients with low consciousness. A total of 106 ICU nurses were

View details →DOI: 10.5001/omj.2015.55
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Orthodontic treatment outcomes obtained by application of a finishing protocol

Alvaro Carvajal-Flórez, Diana María Barbosa-Lis, Oscar Arturo Zapata-Noreña et al. · 2016 · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the results of a finishing protocol implemented in patients treated in the Orthodontics graduate program at Universidad de Antioquia. Evaluation was carried out by means of the criteria set by the Objective Grading System (OGS) of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). Methods: Cast models and panoramic radiographs of 34 patients were evaluated. The intervention group (IG) consisted of 17 patients (19.88 ± 4.4 years old) treated under a finishing protocol. This protocol included training in finishing, application of a finishing guide, brackets repositioning a

View details →DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.088-094.oar
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system

Memantine for the patients with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a pharmacological fMRI study

Shoji Kawashima, RCIP-Nagoya Study Group, Noriyuki Matsukawa · 2022 · BMC Neurology

Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. PD-MCI is characterized by impairments in executive function and visuospatial recognition. The visuospatial n-back test is useful for assessing both domains. The 0-back test reflects visuospatial recognition, while the 1-back and 2-back tests reflect working memory. Cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in the treatment of PD-MCI and dementia in PD (PDD). Although some studies have reported the efficacy of memantine for PDD, the therapeutic efficacy of mema

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02699-x
Failed Experiment ReportOpen access

The effect of temperature and behaviour on the interaction between two dragonfly larvae species within the native and expanded range

Sanne Everling, F. Johansson · 2022 · Ecological Entomology

Studies on interaction between species are needed to observe and predict the effects of climate change on species distributions. Here we studied intra‐ and interspecific competition and behaviour in larvae of a native and a northward…

View details →DOI: 10.1111/een.13130
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOphthalmology

Clinical Application of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bodies in the Treatment of Severe Ocular Trauma and Silicone Oil Dependent Eyes

Hao Jiang, Chao Xue, Yanlin Gao et al. · 2022 · Journal of Ophthalmology

Purpose. This study aimed to assess the application of a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and silicone oil (SO) dependent eyes. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical application of FCVB in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and SO dependent eyes. The results of best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation, B-scan ultrasonography or color Doppler ultrasonography, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and anterior segment photography were recorded during follow-up. A paired t-test was used to compare the di

View details →DOI: 10.1155/2022/3608162
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMicrobiology

Method for the facile transformation of marine purple photosynthetic bacteria using chemically competent cells

Mieko Higuchi‐Takeuchi, Kumiko Morisaki, Keiji Numata · 2020 · MicrobiologyOpen

Abstract Marine purple photosynthetic bacteria are ideal organisms for the production of useful materials at reduced costs and contributing to a sustainable society because they can utilize sunlight, seawater, and components of air, including carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases, for their growth. However, conjugation is the only applicable method for the transformation of marine purple photosynthetic bacteria so far. Here, we examined a calcium chloride‐mediated method for the transformation of marine purple photosynthetic bacteria. Plasmid DNAs containing the kanamycin resistance gene were succ

View details →DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.953
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Effect of dose of thymol and supplemental flavours or camphor on palatability in a choice feedings study with piglets

J. Michiels, J. Missotten, A. Ovyn et al. · 2012 · Czech Journal of Animal Science

Thymol's antimicrobial properties urged researchers to study its effect on animal performance and intestinal health in pigs. However, thymol has the characteristic sharp odor of thyme and a bitter, aromatic, and sometimes burning sensation which may elicit feeding aversions. The objectives in the current study were: (1) to determine the effect of dose of thymol and camphor on palatability and (2) to test the hypothesis that supplemental flavours or camphor, the latter as a known Transient Receptor Potential A1 blocker, could mitigate feed avoidance caused by thymol. Two analogous choice-feedin

View details →DOI: 10.17221/5133-cjas
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessArctic medicine. Tropical medicine

Immune exhaustion in chronic Chagas disease: Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action of IL-27 in vitro.

María Ailén Natale, Todd Minning, María Cecilia Albareda et al. · 2021 · PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

In chronic Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi-specific T-cell function decreases over time, and alterations in the homeostatic IL-7/IL-7R axis are evident, consistent with a process of immune exhaustion. IL-27 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that shares T-cell signaling with IL-7 and other cytokines of the IL-12 family and might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of T-cell function. Here, we evaluated the expression and function of IL-27R in antigen-experienced T cells from subjects with chronic Chagas disease and assessed whether in vitro treatment with IL-27 and IL-7 migh

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009473
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer applications to medicine. Medical informatics

Postdischarge Video Visits for Adherence to Hospital Discharge Recommendations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Sagar B. Dugani, MD, PhD, MPH, Shangwe A. Kiliaki, CNP, DNP, Megan L. Nielsen, MSN, CNP et al. · 2023 · Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health

Objective: To determine whether a postdischarge video visit with patients, conducted by hospital medicine advanced practice providers, improves adherence to hospital discharge recommendations. Patients and Methods: We conducted a single-institution 2-site randomized clinical trial with 1:1 assignment to intervention vs control, with enrollment from August 10, 2020, to June 23, 2022. Hospital medicine patients discharged home or to an assisted living facility were randomized to a video visit 2-5 days postdischarge in addition to usual care (intervention) vs usual care (control). During the vide

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpdig.2023.06.006
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics

The antecedents of individual investment behavior: materialism, risk aversion, positive and negative affects

Pelin Kanten, Bahar Gi̇rgi̇n, E. Kurt · 2018 · Pressacademia

Purpose- This study aims to investigate some of the antecedents of individuals’ investment behaviors. In the literature, it is seen studies suggest that some individual factors have a significant effect on investment decisions of…

View details →DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2018.851
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessSurgery

Undesirable complication after transradial coronary angiography: A case report

Ozgur Altinbas, Mehmet Isik · 2024 · Turkish Journal of Vascular Surgery

Radial artery is one of the intervention cites for coronary angiography and has an increased tendency according to the successful results in the literature. However, some undesirable clinical situations may occur by using this route as with every invasive intervention. In this study, we presented a patient who had left upper limb ischemia following transradial angiography. An intimal flap with an approximate length of 15 cm was removed during embolectomy from the brachial artery. After multiple embolectomy procedures, axillo-brachial bypass was performed using the saphenous vein. However, isch

View details →DOI: 10.9739/tjvs.2023.09.028
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental sciences

EFFECTS OF NICKEL CHLORIDE ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS IN Wistar albino PREGNANT RATS تأثير کلوريد النيکل على المؤشرات الدموية و التطور الجنيني لإناث جرزان ويستار أثناء مرحلة التعشيش

· 2009 · Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches

ABSTRACT: Several reports have suggested that soluble salts nickel may affect on hematopoiesis and development. In this study female Wistar albino rats (180-300g) received NiCl2, 6H2 O, subcutaneously (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (b w) or in drinking water (20 mg/100 ml). Selenium (0.3 mg/kg b w, s.c.) was combined to NiCl2 (100 mg/kg b w, s.c.). Control groups received NaCl 0.9% (0.3 ml s.c) or drinking distilled water. All groups of rats were injected on day 4 of pregnancy in pre-implantation period. Haematological parameters were recorded on day 6 and 21 of pregnancy. Developmental par

View details →DOI: 10.21608/auber.2009.149529
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

An analysis of the impact of the inclusion of expiration data on the fitting of a predictive pulmonary elastance model

Morton Sophie, Docherty Paul, Dickson Jennifer et al. · 2018 · Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

Mechanical ventilation is a primary therapy for patients with respiratory failure. However, incorrect ventilator settings can cause lung damage. Optimising ventilation while minimising risk is complex in practice. A common lung protective strategy is to titrate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the point of minimum elastance. This process can result in additional available lung volume due to alveolar recruitment but comes with the risk of subjecting the lungs to excessive pressure and lung damage. Predictive elastance models can mitigate this risk by estimating airway pressure at a hi

View details →DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2018-0062
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSurgery

Effectiveness of Platelet-rich Plasma Injection as an Adjunct Treatment to Arthroscopy for TFCC Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abdulaziz Asiry, MBBS, DESC, FEBOPRAS, EBHS, Armaghan Dabbagh, PT, PhD, Hatan Mortada, MBBS et al. · 2024 · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open

Background:. Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries can cause significant patient dysfunction. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment for arthroscopic TFCC repair, with some studies suggesting improved outcomes. This study aims to evaluate and compare PRP as an adjunctive treatment in arthroscopic TFCC tear repair. Methods:. This retrospective cohort study examined patients undergoing arthroscopic TFCC repair at Institut de la Main, Paris, France (December 2021–2022). Patients were split into two groups: arthroscopic repair alone (1) and repair wi

View details →DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000006237
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSpecialties of internal medicine

Validation of the 2017 revision of the WHO chronic myelomonocytic leukemia categories

Sanam Loghavi, Dawen Sui, Peng Wei et al. · 2018 · Blood Advances

Abstract: The 2017 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification includes substantial changes to the subclassification of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML): (1) a 3-tiered blast-based scheme including a novel “CMML-0” category replacing a 2-tiered system in place since 2001 and (2) 2 CMML subtypes, myelodysplastic (MDS-CMML) and myeloproliferative (MP-CMML), based on a white blood cell count cutoff of 13 × 109/L. The clinical utility of this subclassification scheme, particularly the expansion of blast-based subgroups, has not been validated. In this study, a large single

View details →DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019224
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessVeterinary medicine

Sheep Methane Emission on Semiarid Native Pasture—Potential Impacts of Either Zinc Sulfate or Propylene Glycol as Mitigation Strategies

Hélio Costa, Eloisa Saliba, Marco Bomfim et al. · 2020 · Animals

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Zinc sulfate and propylene glycol (PG) on methane (CH 4 ) emission, nutrient intake, digestibility, and production in sheep grazing on a native Caatinga (Brazilian semi-arid savannah) pasture during the rainy season (from March to June 2014). Fifteen mixed Santa In s sheep, all non-castrated males, with initial body weight of 19.8 1.64 kg, and 4 0.35 months of age, were distributed in a complete randomized design into three treatments: control (CT) concentrate supplemented at 0.7% of body weight; CT + 300 mg of Zn/day; and CT + 2.5 mL of pro

View details →DOI: 10.3390/ani10030395
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessVeterinary medicine

Influence of Electroporation Timing on CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Multiple Gene Editing in Buffalo Embryos

Dipankar Sardar, Md. Taslim Hossain, Rudranil Baidya et al. · 2024 · Veterinary Integrative Sciences

Gene editing in large animals like buffalo is challenged by mosaicism, where cells contain both wild-type and mutant alleles, complicating the creation of genetically modified F0 animals in a single step. Traditionally, electroporation is performed on zygotes post in vitro fertilization (IVF), but mature oocytes’ higher permeability suggests earlier intervention might reduce mosaicism and enhance editing efficiency. We hypothesized that the timing of electroporation before in vitro fertilization (IVF) can increase the rates of biallelic mutation for multiple gene knockout as the permeability o

View details →DOI: 10.12982/vis.2025.069
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

Cedar Pollen Aggravates Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood Monozygotic Twin Patients with Allergic Rhino Conjunctivitis

Yukako Murakami, Saki Matsui, Akiko Kijima et al. · 2011 · Allergology International

We report a case of 7-year-old monozygotic twin patients with atopic dermatitis. The HLA haplotypes were HLA A2, A11, B27, B61, DR1, and DR4. Both serum IgE levels and cedar pollen radioallergosorbent test (RAST) scores were high in the twins (elder/younger sister: IgE: 5170/3980 IU/ml and Japansese cedar pollen: >100/64.0) in contrast to low mite and food RAST scores (Dermatophagoides Pterygonium; 0.59/0.4 and egg white 9.24/4.6). The patients showed positive immediate (20 min in both sisters) and delayed (24 hours in elder sister, 24, 48, 72 hours in younger sister) reactions to a scratch te

View details →DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-cr-0268
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Reducing the Cut-Off Value of the Fecal Immunochemical Test for Symptomatic Patients Does Not Improve Diagnostic Performance

Mercedes Navarro, Gonzalo Hijos, Carlos Sostres et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Medicine

Introduction: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been established as a cost-effective test in colon cancer screening programmes. This test could also be helpful in symptomatic patients prior to colonoscopy, but data about diagnostic performance, and accurate cut-off values for these patients are still scarce.Materials and Methods: Prospective study that included consecutive unselected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms referred for colonoscopy between November 2016 and June 2018. We performed a FIT (FOB Gold® test, cut-off 20 micrograms of Hb/gram of feces) prior to colonoscopy and d

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00410
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal biochemistry

Self-control design reveals varied lactation and metabolic responses to rumen-protected methionine in dairy cows

Zi-Hai Wei, Shu-Lin Liang, Feng-Fei Gu et al. · 2025 · Animal Nutriomics

One hundred and thirteen mid-lactation cows fed same diets and supplemented with 20 g/d rumen-protected methionine (RPM) for 8 weeks were used to investigate the individual responses of dairy cows to RPM in terms of lactation performance, amino acids (AA) metabolism, and milk metabolites. Among the cows, 10 cows exhibited positive responses (PR) and 10 cows showed limited responses (LR) in energy-corrected milk yield to RPM were used for further analysis. The lactation performance changed from gradual decline to steady increase in PR cows, while kept downward trend in LR cows following RPM sup

View details →DOI: 10.1017/anr.2024.25
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPediatrics

Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia and Hashimoto’s Hypothyroidism in an Adolescent: Presentation and Implications

Judy Ibrahim, Mohammad Alashqar, Shamma Al Zaabi et al. · 2021 · Case Reports in Pediatrics

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of thrombocytes leading to peripheral blood platelet count of <100 × 10^9/L. Primary ITP is a terminology used in the absence of other causes or disorders that may be associated with thrombocytopenia, i.e., isolated thrombocytopenia. The term secondary ITP is used if such diseases coexist. We present here a case of a 14-year-old female diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. When her evaluation was not strongly supportive of primary ITP, she was screened and proved to have a concomitant Hashimoto thyroidit

View details →DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649155
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysiology

Dexamethasone Protects Against Tourniquet-Induced Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mouse Hindlimb

Ryan M. Corrick, Huiyin Tu, Dongze Zhang et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Physiology

Extremity injuries with hemorrhage have been a significant cause of death in civilian medicine and on the battlefield. The use of a tourniquet as an intervention is necessary for treatment to an injured limb; however, the tourniquet and subsequent release results in serious acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Much evidence demonstrates that inflammation is an important factor to cause acute IR injury. To find effective therapeutic interventions for tourniquet-induced acute IR injuries, our current study investigated effect of dexameth

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00244
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a multicenter study from Korea

Kyung-Hee Cho, Seol-Hee Baek, Sung-Hee Kim et al. · 2024 · The Journal of Headache and Pain

Abstract Background Currently, there is a relative lack of detailed reports regarding clinical presentation and outcome of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Asians. This study aims to describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes of Korean patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Methods We prospectively recruited patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension from one hospital and retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 11 hospitals in Korea. We collected data regarding preceding medical conditions or suspected medication exposure, headache phenotypes, oth

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01794-3
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Inter-trial priming does not affect attentional priority in asymmetric visual search

Liana eAmunts, Amit eYashar, Dominique eLamy · 2014 · Frontiers in Psychology

Visual search is considerably speeded when the target’s characteristics remain constant across successive selections. Here, we investigated whether such inter-trial priming increases the target’s attentional priority, by examining whether target repetition reduces search efficiency during serial search. As the study of inter-trial priming requires the target and distractors to exchange roles unpredictably, it has mostly been confined to singleton searches, which typically yield efficient search. We therefore resorted to two singleton searches known to yield relatively inefficient performance,

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00957
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Alleviation of temperature stress in maize by integration of foliar applied growth promoting substances and sowing dates.

Irfan Afzal, Shakeel Imran, Talha Javed et al. · 2022 · PLoS ONE

Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity, but its sudden rise can cause severe consequences on crop performances. Early sowing and application of growth promoting agents as a foliar spray can be a sustainable approach to cope with high temperature stress at grain filling stage of cereal crops. Therefore, a test was designed to explore the potential of different growth helping agents including sorghum water extract (SWE, 10 ml L-1), moringa leaf extract (MLE, 3%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2 μM), salicylic acid (SA, 50 mg L-1) and ascorbic acid (ASA, 50 mg L-1) as fo

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260916