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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21710 results · page 316 of 724

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparison of intraocular pressure measured by Goldman applanation tonometer, noncontact tonometer and trans-palpebral tonometer.

Thapa M, Adhikari GP, Saroj GC et al. · 2026 · BMC ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: To evaluate reliability and agreement of non-contact tonometry (NCT) and trans-palpebral tonometry (TPT) compared with Goldmann-applanation tonometry (GAT). METHODS: A total of 224 eyes from 112 patients were included between…

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12886-026-04821-w
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Quantification of retinal non-perfusion in eyes with diabetic retinopathy to study the association with retinal neovascularisation: INSPIRED study report 3.

Khalid H, Tsai WS, Lamanna F et al. · 2026 · The British journal of ophthalmology

Background/aims To characterise the distribution of retinal non-perfusion and its relationship with neovascularisation elsewhere (NVE) and visual acuity (VA) in referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) using ultra-widefield fluorescein…

View details →DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2025-329361
Negative / Null Result Report

Anterior segment biometric changes following SMILE surgery and their implications for effective intraocular lens position calculation

Sun C, Zhang B, Tong C et al. · 2026 · Preprint

Abstract Objective: This study investigated post-SMILE changes in corneal refractive power, axial length, and anterior chamber depth, and examined the relationship between anterior chamber depth change and corneal ablation depth. Biometric…

View details →DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9633033/v1
Short NoteMedicine

Incidentally Detected Basal Ganglia Calcifications Are Not Associated with Impaired Mobility and Recurrent Falls in Older Adults.

de Graaf IM, de Jonghe A, Golüke NMS et al. · 2026 · Journal of clinical medicine

Background: Basal ganglia calcifications (BGCs) are frequently detected on brain CT scans in older adults, but their clinical relevance for mobility and fall risk is unclear. This study investigated the association of BGCs with impaired…

View details →DOI: 10.3390/jcm15124732
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Knowledge, attitude, and practice on clear aligner therapy in mixed dentition among pediatric dentists of India: A cross-sectional survey.

Soral S, Bargale S, Dave B et al. · 2026 · Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

Background Orthodontic treatment has long been associated with visible wires in the mouth. Clear aligners, once limited to mild crowding/spacing, are now supported for correcting more complex malocclusions. While Clear Aligner Therapy…

View details →DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_15_26
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Real-World Evidence: Cefiderocol Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Critically Ill, Obese Patients with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Infections.

Manca A, Palermiti A, Corcione S et al. · 2026 · Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

Background/Objectives: Cefiderocol (FDC) is a siderophore-containing cephalosporin that retains activity against many β-lactamase-producing bacteria, such as New Delhi metallo-β-latamase-producing (NDM) K. pneumoniae . Its use in…

View details →DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics15060619
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOils, fats, and waxes

制油工艺对油茶籽油生物活性成分含量 和抗氧化活性的影响Effect of oil production process on the biologically active ingredients and antioxidant activity of oil-tea camellia seed oil

刘芳1,吴苏喜1,2,蒋明芳1,谭传波3,李普选2LIU Fang1, WU Suxi1,2, JIANG Mingfang1, TAN Chuanbo3, LI Puxuan2 · 2022 · Zhongguo youzhi

为了了解不同制油工艺对油茶籽油生物活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的影响,以油茶果为原料,采取鲜榨法、浸提法、新水法、冷榨法和热榨法5种制油工艺分别制取油茶籽油,研究对比了5种制油工艺的提油率,所制取的油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成、生物活性成分(生育酚、角鲨烯及多酚)含量及其对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力。结果表明,5种制油工艺的提油率均在73%以上,其中浸提法((96.45±3.02)%)最高,冷榨法((73.72±2.76)%)最低,鲜榨法((82.36±224)%)、新水法((81.91±3.21)%)和热榨法((80.34±2.09)%)没有显著差异;5种工艺所制取的油茶籽油具有相似的脂肪酸组成;在α-生育酚和总生育酚含量方面,新水法制取的油茶籽油含量最高(α-生育酚含量(263.77±1.58)mg/kg,总生育酚含量(280.55±1.64)mg/kg),鲜榨法、冷榨法和热榨法制取的油茶籽油中总生育酚含量接近,在233~244 mg/kg之间,浸提法制取的油茶籽油中总生育酚含量只有(17.10±0.76)mg/kg;在角鲨烯和多酚含量方面,鲜榨法制取的油茶籽油明显高于其他工艺的,分别为(350.56±7.60)mg/kg和(45.04±4.50)mg/kg,新水法制取的油茶籽油角鲨烯含量最低,为(249.99±3.73)mg/kg,浸提法制取的油茶籽油多酚含量最低,为(7

View details →DOI: 10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.210470
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiology (General)

Biochemical evaluation of mutant genotypes of Sesamum indicum for the development of improved varieties

Muhammad Abba Isah Audu, Yusuf Idris, Muhammad Liman Muhammad et al. · 2022 · Botanica

The nutritional attributes of sesame, Sesamum indicum, vary substantially and are primarily influenced by the plant’s genetic makeup. This investigation accessed the biochemical composition of sesame mutants from two generations. Seeds of eleven M3 lines were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to raise M4 lines, which were advanced to M5 generation. The seeds were harvested at maturity, and their biochemical compositions were quantitatively determined following standard procedures. Results revealed significant differences (p 0.05) was observed in ash content of M4 and M5 muta

View details →DOI: https://doi.org/10.35513/botlit.2022.2.6
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

The Biomechanical Characteristics of Swallowing in Tracheostomized Patients with Aspiration following Acquired Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study

Xiao-Xiao Han, Jia Qiao, Zhan-Ao Meng et al. · 2023 · Brain Sciences

Objectives: Investigate the biomechanical characteristics in tracheostomized patients with aspiration following acquired brain injury (ABI) and further explore the relationship between the biomechanical characteristics and aspiration. Methods: This is a single-center cross-sectional study. The tracheostomized patients with aspiration following ABI and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. The biomechanical characteristics, including velopharynx (VP) maximal pressure, tongue base (TB) maximal pressure, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) residual pressure, UES relaxation duration, and subgl

View details →DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010091
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Lumbar degenerative disease: association of serum complement levels with diagnosis, structural severity, and postoperative prognosis.

Deng, Zhu, Cao et al. · 2026 · European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society

The clinical evaluation of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) severity relies on symptoms and imaging, lacking biologically specific diagnostic markers. This study investigated the role of serum complements in LDD to assess their potential…

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s00586-026-10086-0
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

An extended research of crossmodal correspondence between color and sound in psychology and cognitive ergonomics

Xiuwen Sun, Xiaoling Li, Lingyu Ji et al. · 2018 · PeerJ

Based on the existing research on sound symbolism and crossmodal correspondence, this study proposed an extended research on cross-modal correspondence between various sound attributes and color properties in a group of non-synesthetes. In Experiment 1, we assessed the associations between each property of sounds and colors. Twenty sounds with five auditory properties (pitch, roughness, sharpness, tempo and discontinuity), each varied in four levels, were used as the sound stimuli. Forty-nine colors with different hues, saturation and brightness were used to match to those sounds. Result revea

View details →DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4443
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Effect of replacing fish meal with wheat gluten on growth performance, serum biochemistry, liver antioxidant and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of Cyprinus carpio

QIAN Ren-dong, WANG Lian-sheng, LUO Qiao-hua et al. · 2023 · Siliao yanjiu

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of wheat gluten replacing fish meal on growth performance, serum biochemistry, liver antioxidant and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of Cyprinus carpio . A total of 180 healthy Cyprinus carpio with an initial body weight of (9.16±0.03) g were selected and divided into three experimental groups, with three replicates in each group and 20 fish in each replicate. The control group (CW) was with 5% fish meal, and the experimental groups were with 50% (WA) and 100% (WB) fish meal replaced by wheat gluten. The experiment lasted for 56 d.

Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessScience

Resistance of High-Volume Fly Ash Self-Compacting Concrete to Internal Sulfate Attack

Tareq Al-Attar, Ahmed Taha · 2018 · Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper investigates the durability of high-volume Fly ash self-compacting concrete, HVFASCC that exposed to internal sulfate attack. At the present work, HVFASCC was produced with two Fly ash replacements: 50 and 60% by weight of Portland cement. The internal sulfate attack was simulated by adding natural gypsum (CaSO4) that contain ion (SO3-2) to fine aggregate by two weight percentages: 1 and 2%. Limestone dust was used as filler with a content of 100 kg/m3. The cementitious materials, cement and Fly ash, content was 400 kg/m3 and the water to powder ratio for the studied mixes was 0.34

View details →DOI: 10.30684/etj.36.12a.7
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Effect of chilling methods on the surface color and water retention of yellow-feathered chickens

Hang Wang, Xiaojie Qin, Xia Li et al. · 2020 · Poultry Science

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of air chilling (AC), water chilling (WC), combined chilling consisting of WC for 20 min and AC (CO20), and combined chilling consisting of WC for 30 min and AC (CO30) on the microbiological status, surface color, processing yield, and moisture content of yellow-feathered chicken carcasses. After chilling, the carcasses treated by AC exhibited the highest total viable counts (TVC) (4.7 cfu/cm2), followed by those treated by CO20 and CO30, whereas the carcasses treated by WC showed the lowest (P 0.05) was found among the carcasses treated by C

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.020
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychiatry

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education and Emotional Focused Therapy on Couple Intimacy, Commitment and Happiness Women with Couple Burnout

ّForough Farshidmanesh, Hosein Davoudi, Hasan Heidari et al. · 2019 · Taḥqīqāt-i ̒Ulūm-i Raftārī

Aim and Background: Many women begin their marital life with high intimate relationships, but with time, these intimate relationships are becoming less and more difficult, and it is just when then couple burnout has begun. The purpose of this study was to comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness education and Emotional Focused Therapy (EFT) on couple intimacy, commitment and happiness women with couple burnout. Methods and Materials: The semi-experimental study was performed as pretest-posttest with a control group. The population included all women with couple burnout who was referred t

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNutrition. Foods and food supply

Mediterranean Diet Score and prostate cancer risk in a Swedish population-based case–control study

Elisabeth Möller, Carlotta Galeone, Therese M.-L. Andersson et al. · 2013 · Journal of Nutritional Science

Several individual components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to offer protection against prostate cancer. The present study is the first to investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the relative risk of prostate cancer. We also explored the usefulness of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) in a non-Mediterranean population. FFQ data were obtained from 1482 incident prostate cancer patients and 1108 population-based controls in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. We defined five MDS variants with different components or using either stu

View details →DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.2
Methods Dead-EndOpen accessSocial sciences (General)

Metacognitive Strategy Training Improves Decision-Making Abilities in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Foteini Aikaterini Pikouli, Despina Moraitou, Georgia Papantoniou et al. · 2023 · Journal of Intelligence

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with deficits in decision-making, which is of utmost importance for daily functioning. Despite evidence of declined decision-making abilities, research on decision-making interventions for MCI is scarce. As metacognition seems to play an important role in decision-making, the present study’s aim was to examine whether a metacognitive strategy training can improve MCI patients’ decision-making abilities. Older adults—patients of a day care center, diagnosed with amnestic MCI (n = 55) were randomly allocated in two groups, which were matched in gende

View details →DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11090182
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Influence of milking number and frequency on milk production in Martina Franca breed asses

G. Martemucci, A. G. D'Alessandro · 2010 · Italian Journal of Animal Science

Two experiments were carried out in Martina Franca asses in order to study milk yield and udder healthy conditions in relation to daily milking number and frequency. Experiment I - A total of 15 asses were subdivided into three groups (N.5) corresponding to: one milking per day, after a 3 hour interval from foal separation by dams (Group A); three milkings per day with 3 hour frequency (Group B); three milkings per day with 2 hour frequency (Group 3M). Experiment II - Evaluation was made of the effect of a schedule of 6 milkings per day with frequency of 2 hours on milk yield (Group 6M; N. 5),

View details →DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.643
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

Fc-Glycosylation in Human IgG1 and IgG3 Is Similar for Both Total and Anti-Red-Blood Cell Anti-K Antibodies

Myrthe E. Sonneveld, Myrthe E. Sonneveld, Carolien A. M. Koeleman et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Immunology

After albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) are the most abundant proteins in human serum, with IgG1 and IgG3 being the most abundant subclasses directed against protein antigens. The quality of the IgG-Fc-glycosylation has important functional consequences, which have been found to be skewed toward low fucosylation in some antigen-specific immune responses. This increases the affinity to IgG1-Fc-receptor (FcγR)IIIa/b and thereby directly affects downstream effector functions and disease severity. To date, antigen-specific IgG-glycosylation have not been analyzed for IgG3. Here, we analyzed 30 pregn

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00129
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessPlant culture

Induction of somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation of Abies pinsapo Boiss.

Laura Cabero-Moreno, Ignacio Landeras-López, María Victoria Bravo-Navas et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Plant Science

Abies pinsapo is an endangered species, endemic to southern Spain. Somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation constitute important biotechnological tools, which can be used in order to improve the management and conservation of threatened species. The objective of this work was to develop somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation protocols for A. pinsapo. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from mature zygotic embryos of A. pinsapo cultured on solid MS medium with macroelements at half-strength and supplemented with 20 g L-1 sucrose and 5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Embryogenic cultures su

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1535113
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessChemical technology

Tisochrysis lutea as a Substrate for Lactic Acid Fermentation: Biochemical Composition, Digestibility, and Functional Properties

Caterina Pagnini, Giacomo Sampietro, Gaia Santini et al. · 2023 · Foods

Microalgae, because of their high nutritional value and bioactive molecule content, are interesting candidates for functional foods, including fermented foods, in which the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria combine with those of biomolecules lying in microalgal biomass. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 as a substrate for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and to verify fermentation effects on functionality. Bacterium selection among three lactobacilli was based on growth and resistance to in vitro digestion. Microalgal raw biomass and

View details →DOI: 10.3390/foods12061128
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology

Vibration therapy as an effective approach to improve bone healing in diabetic rats

Maysa S. Campos, José B. Volpon, João Paulo B. Ximenez et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Endocrinology

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of vibration therapy on fracture healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.Methods148 rats underwent fracture surgery and were assigned to four groups: (1) SHAM: weight-matched non-diabetic rats, (2) SHAM+VT: non-diabetic rats treated with vibration therapy (VT), (3) DM: diabetic rats, and (4) DM+VT: diabetic rats treated with VT. Thirty days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin, animals underwent bone fracture, followed by surgical stabilization. Three days after bone fracture, rats began VT. Bone healing was assessed on days 14 and 28 post-fracture

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909317
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Association of age and primary treatment with risk of non-lymphoma-related death and long-term survival outcomes in adult patients with early-stage follicular lymphoma: a population-based analysis.

Xu, Wu, Liu et al. · 2026 · Annals of hematology

In adult patients with early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL), age-related differences in the risk of non-lymphoma-related death (LRD) during the follow-up period after treatment are unclear. We aimed to investigate the interactive effects…

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s00277-026-07144-4
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Clinical and Sonographic Pattern of Late-Onset and Early-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparative Study.

Aziz NN, Hassan RM, Ibrahim RA et al. · 2026 · Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders

Background Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) poses a great challenge for physicians regarding diagnosis and treatment. The prognosis for LORA was better in some early research but worse in more recent trials. Objectives The study aim…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/11795441261429109
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy and safety of deep hyperthermia combined with tislelizumab and chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-center retrospective study.

Guo L, Wang J, Du D · 2026 · Frontiers in oncology

Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of deep hyperthermia combined with tislelizumab and chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 100 patients with advanced squamous…

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1770835
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Risk of Overdose and Adverse Events With Concomitant Opioids and Gabapentinoid Use After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Domingo PT, Berger GK, Gray P et al. · 2026 · The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Purpose We evaluated the safety outcomes of opioids alone versus opioids plus low-dose gabapentinoids in patients naïve to both opioids and gabapentinoids, after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the knee, hip, or shoulder. Methods This…

View details →DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-25-01651
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Efficacy and Safety of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface: A Retrospective Study on Amputees With Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor.

Lin Z, Chen Y, Zang H et al. · 2026 · Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)

Background and objectives Bone and soft tissue tumors are significant causes of limb amputation. Regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is an effective method for preventing neuroma formation in residual nerves. However, the…

View details →DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000002053