Replication FailureOpen accessComputer Science
Sayash Kapoor, Arvind Narayanan · 2023 · Patterns
Machine-learning (ML) methods have gained prominence in the quantitative sciences. However, there are many known methodological pitfalls, including data leakage, in ML-based science. We systematically investigate reproducibility issues in ML-based science. Through a survey of literature in fields that have adopted ML methods, we find 17 fields where leakage has been found, collectively affecting 294 papers and, in some cases, leading to wildly overoptimistic conclusions. Based on our survey, we introduce a detailed taxonomy of eight types of leakage, ranging from textbook errors to open resear
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100804Cited by 671 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Xiuchan Guo, Cheryl A. Winkler, Ji Li et al. · 2014 · BioMed Research International
UNLABELLED: Genetic factors, as well as environmental factors, play a role in development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be associated with NPC. To confirm these genetic associations with NPC, two independent case-control studies from Southern China comprising 1166 NPC cases and 2340 controls were conducted. Seven SNPs in ITGA9 at 3p21.3 and 9 SNPs within the 6p21.3 HLA region were genotyped. To explore the potential clinical application of these genetic markers in NPC, we further evaluate the predictive/diagnostic ro
View details →DOI: 10.1155/2014/434072Cited by 667 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Bart L. Scott, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Brent R. Logan et al. · 2017 · Journal of Clinical Oncology
Purpose The optimal regimen intensity before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is unknown. We hypothesized that lower treatment-related mortality (TRM) with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) would result in improved…
View details →DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.7091Cited by 666 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Duncan Young, Sarah E Lamb, Sanjoy Shah et al. · 2013 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: Patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require mechanical ventilation to maintain arterial oxygenation, but this treatment may produce secondary lung injury. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)…
View details →DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1215716Cited by 659 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Sanjit S. Jolly, John A. Cairns, Salim Yusuf et al. · 2015 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: During primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), manual thrombectomy may reduce distal embolization and thus improve microvascular perfusion. Small trials have suggested that thrombectomy improves surrogate and clinical…
View details →DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1415098Cited by 645 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Nereo Segnan, Paola Armaroli, L Bonelli et al. · 2011 · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
BACKGROUND: A single flexible sigmoidoscopy at around the age of 60 years has been proposed as an effective strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of…
View details →DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr284Cited by 624 Replication FailureMedicine
F.G.R. Fowkes · 2010 · JAMA
CONTEXT: A low ankle brachial index (ABI) indicates atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Screening for a low ABI can identify an asymptomatic higher risk group potentially amenable to…
View details →DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.221Cited by 624 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Aneesh B. Singhal · 2011 · Archives of Neurology
OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes evaluated at 2 academic centers, compare subgroups, and investigate treatment effects. DESIGN:…
View details →DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.68Cited by 611 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science
Matthew Cole, Tamara S. Galloway · 2015 · Environmental Science & Technology
Plastic debris is a prolific contaminant effecting freshwater and marine ecosystems across the globe. Of growing environmental concern are "microplastics"and "nanoplastics" encompassing tiny particles of plastic derived from manufacturing and macroplastic fragmentation. Pelagic zooplankton are susceptible to consuming microplastics, however the threat posed to larvae of commercially important bivalves is currently unknown. We exposed Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae (3-24 d.p.f.) to polystyrene particles spanning 70 nm-20 μm in size, including plastics with differing surface propertie
View details →DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04099Cited by 606 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Troels F. Rønnow, Zhihui Wang, Joshua Job et al. · 2014 · Science
The development of small-scale quantum devices raises the question of how to fairly assess and detect quantum speedup. Here, we show how to define and measure quantum speedup and how to avoid pitfalls that might mask or fake such a…
View details →DOI: 10.1126/science.1252319Cited by 604 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics
Alwyn Young · 2018 · The Quarterly Journal of Economics
I follow R. A. Fisher's The Design of Experiments (1935), using randomization statistical inference to test the null hypothesis of no treatment effects in a comprehensive sample of 53 experimental papers drawn from the journals of the…
View details →DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjy029Cited by 603 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Francis Kim, Graham Nichol, Charles Maynard et al. · 2013 · JAMA
IMPORTANCE: Hospital cooling improves outcome after cardiac arrest, but prehospital cooling immediately after return of spontaneous circulation may result in better outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prehospital cooling improves…
View details →DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.282173Cited by 600 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Fabrice André, Eva Ciruelos, Dejan Juric et al. · 2020 · Annals of Oncology
•In SOLAR-1, the key secondary endpoint of OS was evaluated in patients with HR+, HER2−, PIK3CA-mutated ABC.•Adding alpelisib to fulvestrant numerically improved mOS by 7.9 months, though the result was not statistically significant.•OS…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.011Cited by 599 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Leonard L. Gunderson, Kathryn Winter, Jaffer A. Ajani et al. · 2012 · Journal of Clinical Oncology
PURPOSE: On initial publication of GI Intergroup Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 98-11 [A Phase III Randomized Study of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin, and Radiotherapy Versus 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin and Radiotherapy in…
View details →DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.43.8085Cited by 587 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Andrew X. Zhu, Olivier Rosmorduc, T.R. Jeffry Evans et al. · 2014 · Journal of Clinical Oncology
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes of sorafenib plus either erlotinib or placebo in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a multicenter, multinational, randomized, phase III trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients…
View details →DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.7746Cited by 577 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences
Calvin K. Lai, Allison L. Skinner, Erin Cooley et al. · 2016 · Journal of Experimental Psychology General
Implicit preferences are malleable, but does that change last? We tested 9 interventions (8 real and 1 sham) to reduce implicit racial preferences over time. In 2 studies with a total of 6,321 participants, all 9 interventions immediately…
View details →DOI: 10.1037/xge0000179Cited by 574 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Thomas Klopstock, Patrick Yu‐Wai‐Man, Konstantinos Dimitriadis et al. · 2011 · Brain
Major advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inherited metabolic disease caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations have yet to translate into treatments of proven efficacy. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is the most common…
View details →DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr170Cited by 569 Negative / Null Result ReportSocial Sciences
Marco Manacorda, Alan Manning, Jonathan Wadsworth · 2011 · Journal of the European Economic Association
Immigration to the UK, particularly among more educated workers, has risen appreciably over the past 30 years and as such has raised labor supply. However studies of the impact of immigration have failed to find any significant effect on…
View details →DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01049.xCited by 566 Replication FailureOpen accessMedicine
Eugenia Abaleke, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi et al. · 2021 · The Lancet
BACKGROUND: Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. METHODS: In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to either usual st
View details →DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00149-5Cited by 564 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Kentaro Suzuki, Yuji Matsumaru, Masataka Takeuchi et al. · 2021 · JAMA
IMPORTANCE: Whether intravenous thrombolysis is needed in combination with mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether mechanical thrombectomy alone is noninferior…
View details →DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.23522Cited by 540 Negative / Null Result ReportSocial Sciences
Tyler W. Watts, Greg J. Duncan, Haonan Quan · 2018 · Psychological Science
We replicated and extended Shoda, Mischel, and Peake's (1990) famous marshmallow study, which showed strong bivariate correlations between a child's ability to delay gratification just before entering school and both adolescent achievement…
View details →DOI: 10.1177/0956797618761661Cited by 525 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Mark A. Socinski, Makoto Nishio, Robert M. Jotte et al. · 2021 · Journal of Thoracic Oncology
INTRODUCTION: We report the final overall survival (OS) analyses of atezolizumab-carboplatin-paclitaxel (ACP [experimental arm]) and OS data with approximately 39.8 months of median follow-up with…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.07.009Cited by 523 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas et al. · 2021 · The Lancet
BACKGROUND: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. METHODS: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care al
View details →DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00897-7Cited by 521 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
The ICU-ROX Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group · 2019 · New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND: ) and have a high arterial oxygen tension. The conservative use of oxygen may reduce oxygen exposure, diminish lung and systemic oxidative injury, and thereby increase the number of ventilator-free days (days alive and free…
View details →DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1903297Cited by 518 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Michael Lim, Michael Weller, Ahmed Idbaïh et al. · 2022 · Neuro-Oncology
BACKGROUND: Nearly all patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma experience recurrence following standard-of-care radiotherapy (RT) + temozolomide (TMZ). The purpose of the phase III randomized CheckMate 548 study was to evaluate RT + TMZ…
View details →DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac116Cited by 501 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Horng H. Chen, Kevin J. Anstrom, Michael M. Givertz et al. · 2013 · JAMA
IMPORTANCE: Small studies suggest that low-dose dopamine or low-dose nesiritide may enhance decongestion and preserve renal function in patients with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction; however, neither strategy has been rigorously…
View details →DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.282190Cited by 501 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
US Preventive Services Task Force, Susan J. Curry, Alex H. Krist et al. · 2019 · JAMA
Importance: Perinatal depression, which is the occurrence of a depressive disorder during pregnancy or following childbirth, affects as many as 1 in 7 women and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and the postpartum…
View details →DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.0007Cited by 500 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Joshua D. Harris, Jefferson C. Brand, Mark P. Cote et al. · 2017 · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly being used in today's rapidly evolving health care environment. The value of care provision emphasizes the highest quality of care at the lowest cost. Quality is in the eye of the beholder,…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.01.053Cited by 499 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy
Kevork N. Abazajian, Manoj Kaplinghat · 2012 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
We show the existence of a statistically significant, robust detection of a gamma-ray source in the Milky Way Galactic Center that is consistent with a spatially extended signal using about 4 years of Fermi-LAT data. The gamma-ray flux is…
View details →DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.86.083511Cited by 498 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
T-K Clarke, Mark J. Adams, Gail Davies et al. · 2017 · Molecular Psychiatry
Alcohol consumption has been linked to over 200 diseases and is responsible for over 5% of the global disease burden. Well-known genetic variants in alcohol metabolizing genes, for example, ALDH2 and ADH1B , are strongly associated with alcohol consumption but have limited impact in European populations where they are found at low frequency. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of self-reported alcohol consumption in 112 117 individuals in the UK Biobank (UKB) sample of white British individuals. We report significant genome-wide associations at 14 loci. These include single-nuc
View details →DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.153Cited by 498 