e-ISSN: Pending
Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

19803 results in Negative / Null Result Report · page 98 of 661

Negative / Null Result ReportBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Sex‐dependent associations of genetic variants identified by GWAS with indices of adiposity and obesity risk in a Chinese children population

Bo Xi, Yue Shen, Kathleen H. Reilly et al. · 2012 · Clinical Endocrinology

OBJECTIVE: Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are associated with body mass index (BMI)/obesity. This study aimed to examine the identified associations among a…

View details →DOI: 10.1111/cen.12091Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Investigator Characteristics and Respondent Behavior in Online Surveys

Ariel White, Anton Strezhnev, Christopher Lucas et al. · 2018 · Journal of Experimental Political Science

Abstract Prior research demonstrates that responses to surveys can vary depending on the race, gender, or ethnicity of the investigator asking the question. We build upon this research by empirically testing how information about…

View details →DOI: 10.1017/xps.2017.25Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Montpellier broom (Genista monspessulana) and Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) in South Africa: An assessment of invasiveness and options for management

Sjirk Geerts, Pieter Willem Botha, Vernon Visser et al. · 2013 · South African Journal of Botany

The legumes (Fabaceae) Genista monspessulana and Spartium junceum are major invaders in several other parts of the world, but not yet so in South Africa. We determine their current distributions in South Africa at different spatial scales, assess population structure (soil seed banks and size at reproduction) evaluate current management activities, and provide recommendations for control (including assessing the feasibility of nation-wide eradication). G. monspessulana occurs at nine localities in three quarter-degree cells, covering a total of 22.7 ha. S. junceum is much more widespread, occu

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.03.019Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

EEG Differences Between the Combined and Inattentive Types of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Girls

Franca E. Dupuy, Adam R. Clarke, Robert J. Barry et al. · 2013 · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience

This study further investigated electroencephalogram (EEG) differences between girls with the Combined and Inattentive types of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). We selected subjects with widely separated scores on…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/1550059413501162Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale at the beginning of the 8th decade of life: effect on cognition and associations with mineral deposition

María Valdés Hernández, Lucia Ballerini, Andreas Glatz et al. · 2019 · Brain Imaging and Behavior

Brain iron deposits (IDs) are indicative of microvessel dysfunction which may predispose to small vessel disease (SVD) brain damage and worsen cognition later in life. Visible perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale (CSO-PVS) are SVD features linked with microvessel dysfunction. We examined possible associations of CSO-PVS volume and count with brain IDs and cognitive abilities in 700 community-dwelling individuals from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 who underwent detailed cognitive testing and multimodal brain MRI at mean age 72.7 years. Brain IDs were assessed automatically followed by m

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00128-1Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Elevated decision uncertainty and reduced avoidance drives in depression, anxiety and substance use disorders during approach–avoidance conflict: a replication study

Ryan Smith, Claire A. Lavalley, S Taylor et al. · 2023 · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience

BACKGROUND: Decision-making under approach-avoidance conflict (AAC; e.g., sacrificing quality of life to avoid feared outcomes) may be affected in multiple psychiatric disorders. Recently, we used a computational (active inference) model…

View details →DOI: 10.1503/jpn.220226Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Blood-based extracellular matrix biomarkers as predictors of survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving pegvorhyaluronidase alfa

Song Wang, Cecilie L. Bager, M.A. Karsdal et al. · 2021 · Journal of Translational Medicine

BACKGROUND: Extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a hallmark of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDA). We investigated fragments of collagen types III (C3M, PRO-C3), VI (PRO-C6), and VIII (C8-C), and versican (VCANM) in plasma as biomarkers for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with mPDA treated with pegvorhyaluronidase alfa, a biologic that degrades the ECM component hyaluronan (HA), in a randomized phase 2 study (HALO109-202). METHODS: HALO109-202 comprised a discovery cohort (Stage 1, n = 94) and a validation cohort (S

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02701-zCited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Significant differences in terms of codon usage bias between bacteriophage early and late genes: a comparative genomics analysis

Oriah Mioduser, Eli Goz, Tamir Tuller · 2017 · BMC Genomics

BACKGROUND: Viruses undergo extensive evolutionary selection for efficient replication which effects, among others, their codon distribution. In the current study, we aimed at understanding the way evolution shapes the codon distribution in early vs. late viral genes in terms of their expression during different stages in the viral replication cycle. To this end we analyzed 14 bacteriophages and 11 human viruses with available information about the expression phases of their genes. RESULTS: We demonstrated evidence of selection for distinct composition of synonymous codons in early and late vi

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4248-7Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Osmotic stress in colony and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 revealed significant differences in adaptive response mechanisms

Nancy Hachicho, Astrid Birnbaum, Hermann J. Heipieper · 2017 · AMB Express

Planktonic cells and those grown on surfaces (or as colony biofilm) are known to show significant differences regarding growth behavior, cell physiology, gene expression and stress tolerance. In order to compare stress behavior of different growth forms, shake cultures for planktonic growth and agar plate cultivation for colony growth, were carried out with the well investigated model organism, Pseudomonas putida mt-2. Cells were exposed to sodium chloride to cause osmotic stress as one main environmental stressor bacteria have to cope with when growing in soil. Planktonic cells were more tole

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0371-8Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Melevodopa/carbidopa effervescent formulation in the treatment of motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease

Fabrizio Stocchi, Mario Zappia, Valentina Dall’Armi et al. · 2010 · Movement Disorders

Melevodopa hydrochloride plus carbidopa in effervescent tablets (M/C) is a readily soluble antiparkinsonian tablet formulation. A total of 221 patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations entered a randomized, double-blind,…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/mds.23206Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

One year in review 2016: Behçet's syndrome.

Gülen Hatemi, Emire Seyahi, İzzet Fresko et al. · 2017 · PubMed

Several articles highlighting the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment modalities and disease assessment of Behçet's syndrome (BS) have been published during the last year. Clinical and radiological features of lower…

View details →Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Women with Positive Urine Culture: Does Menopausal Status Make a Significant Difference?

Paweł Miotła, Katarzyna Romanek-Piva, Michał Bogusiewicz et al. · 2017 · BioMed Research International

Aim . Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common bacterial infections in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the types of uropathogens present, as well as the degree of antimicrobial drug resistance seen among premenopausal (n=2748) and postmenopausal (n=1705) women with uncomplicated UTI. Methods . Urinary samples (n=4453) collected from women with UTI were analyzed in terms of uropathogens present. These were considered as positive if bacterial growth was ≥10 5 colony forming units (CFUs)/mL. Susceptibility and resistance testing for commonly used antibiot

View details →DOI: 10.1155/2017/4192908Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Multiple system atrophy: an update and emerging directions of biomarkers and clinical trials

Min Liu, Zhiyao Wang, Huifang Shang · 2024 · Journal of Neurology

Multiple system atrophy is a rare, debilitating, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder that manifests clinically as a diverse combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. It is pathologically characterized by oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing abnormally aggregated α-synuclein. According to the updated Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy, the diagnosis of clinically established multiple system atrophy requires the manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in combination with poorly levo-dopa responsive parkinsoni

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12269-5Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Diagnostic Potential of Cytokine Biomarkers in Endometriosis: Challenges and Insights

Laura Krygere, Povilas Jukna, Kristina Jarienė et al. · 2024 · Biomedicines

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Although endometriosis was first described over 300 years ago, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and accurate, prompt diagnosis continues to be challenging. Currently, there is a lack of effective, non-invasive diagnostic methods, and available treatments often come with significant side effects and high recurrence rates. This has spurred interest in investigating the role of pro- and

View details →DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12122867Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Artificial social influence via human-embodied AI agent interaction in immersive virtual reality (VR): Effects of similarity-matching during health conversations

Sue Lim, Ralf Schmälzle, Gary Bente · 2025 · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans

Interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) based agents can positively influence human behavior and judgment. However, studies to date focus on text-based conversational agents (CA) with limited embodiment, restricting our understanding of how social influence principles, such as physical similarity, apply to AI agents (i.e., artificial social influence). We address this gap by leveraging latest advances in AI (large language models) and combining them with immersive virtual reality (VR). Specifically, we built VR-ECAs, or embodied conversational agents that can engage in turn-taking conve

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100172Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The physiopathology of brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Yves‐Alain Barde · 2025 · Physiological Reviews

BDNF is synthesized and secreted by excitatory neurons. Decades of work with animal models prepared the ground for interpreting the results of human genome analyses associating polymorphisms with memory deficits, mood disorders and…

View details →DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2024Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2025 update

Josef S. Smolen, Christopher J. Edwards, Victoria Konzett et al. · 2026 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to provide an update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management recommendations addressing the most recent insights. METHODS: An International Task…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ard.2026.01.023Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Does Hot Spots Policing Inevitably Lead to Unfair and Abusive Police Practices, or Can We Maximize Both Fairness and Effectiveness in the New Proactive Policing?

David Weisburd · 2026

Hot spots policing has emerged as one of the most important and widely diffused of what are sometimes termed the “new policing” strategies. Such strategies were developed in response to a critique of police effectiveness in preventing…

View details →DOI: 10.4324/9781003531883-20Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience

Meryem A. Yücel, Robert Luke, Rickson C. Mesquita et al. · 2025 · Communications Biology

As data analysis pipelines grow more complex in brain imaging research, understanding how methodological choices affect results is essential for ensuring reproducibility and transparency. This is especially relevant for functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a rapidly growing technique for assessing brain function in naturalistic settings and across the lifespan, yet one that still lacks standardized analysis approaches. In the fNIRS Reproducibility Study Hub (FRESH) initiative, we asked 38 research teams worldwide to independently analyze the same two fNIRS datasets. Despite using dif

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-08412-1Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessHealth Professions

Domain-adaptive faster R-CNN for non-PPE identification on construction sites from body-worn and general images

Seunghyeon Wang · 2026 · Scientific Reports

Ensuring consistent compliance with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements on construction sites is crucial for worker safety. Although deep learning-based methods already perform well in detecting non-PPE cases, there is still…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-35148-7Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Strategic Inclusion Without Transformation: How Populist Radical Right Parties Engage With Women’s Interests

Bonnie M. Meguid, Hilde Coffé, Ana Catalano Weeks et al. · 2025 · Comparative Political Studies

Despite their Männerparteien reputation, populist radical right (PRR) parties have recently expanded their agendas to include women’s interests. When do they embrace these interests, and what shapes their stance? We propose a theory of…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/00104140251381760Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

ChatGPT Health performance in a structured test of triage recommendations

Ashwin Ramaswamy, Alvira Tyagi, Hannah Hugo et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine

ChatGPT Health was launched in January 2026 as OpenAI's consumer health tool and has reached millions of users. Here we conducted a structured stress test of triage recommendations using 60 clinician-authored vignettes across 21 clinical domains under 16 factorial conditions, yielding 960 total responses. Performance followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, with the most dangerous failures concentrated at clinical extremes-nonurgent presentations (35%) and emergency conditions (48%). Among gold-standard emergencies, the system undertriaged 52% of cases, directing patients with diabetic ketoacido

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04297-7Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Volatile versus Propofol General Anesthesia and Long-term Survival after Breast Cancer Surgery: A National Registry Retrospective Cohort Study

Mats Enlund, Anders Berglund, Anna Enlund et al. · 2022 · Anesthesiology

BACKGROUND: Several retrospective studies using administrative or single-center data have failed to show any difference between general anesthesia using propofol versus inhaled volatiles on long-term survival after breast cancer surgery.…

View details →DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004309Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences

Amanda Rotella, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Sandeep Mishra et al. · 2021 · PLoS ONE

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the 'watching eyes' effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who ar

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255531Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

HIV-1 Nef Is Transferred from Expressing T Cells to Hepatocytic Cells through Conduits and Enhances HCV Replication

In-Woo Park, Yan Fan, Xiaoyu Luo et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

HIV-1 infection enhances HCV replication and as a consequence accelerates HCV-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise molecular mechanism by which this takes place is currently unknown. Our data showed that infectious HIV-1 failed to replicate in human hepatocytic cell lines. No discernible virus replication was observed, even when the cell lines transfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA were co-cultured with Jurkat T cells, indicating that the problem of liver deterioration in the co-infected patient is not due to the replication of HIV-1 in the hepatocytes of the HCV infected

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099545Cited by 24
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

The differential relationship between finger gnosis, and addition and subtraction: An fMRI study

Fırat Soylu, David Raymond, Arianna Gutierrez et al. · 2018 · Journal of Numerical Cognition

The impact of fingers on numerical cognition has received a great deal of attention recently. One sub-set of these studies focus on the relation between finger gnosis (also called finger sense or finger gnosia), the ability to identify and individuate fingers, and mathematical development. Studies in this subdomain have reported mixed findings so far. While some studies reported that finger gnosis correlates with or predicts mathematics abilities in younger children, others failed to replicate these results. The current study explores the relationship between finger gnosis and two arithmetic o

View details →DOI: 10.5964/jnc.v3i3.102Cited by 23
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 (Isolate KUW2010/02) that Restrict Replication in a Culicoides sonorensis Cell Line (KC Cells)

Gillian D. Pullinger, Marc Guimerà Busquets, Kyriaki Nomikou et al. · 2016 · PLoS ONE

Bluetongue virus (BTV) can infect most ruminant species and is usually transmitted by adult, vector-competent biting midges (Culicoides spp.). Infection with BTV can cause severe clinical signs and can be fatal, particularly in naïve sheep and some deer species. Although 24 distinct BTV serotypes were recognized for several decades, additional 'types' have recently been identified, including BTV-25 (from Switzerland), BTV-26 (from Kuwait) and BTV-27 from France (Corsica). Although BTV-25 has failed to grow in either insect or mammalian cell cultures, BTV-26 (isolate KUW2010/02), which can be t

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149709Cited by 23
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Impact of Middle Hepatic Vein Resection During Hemihepatectomy on Surgical Outcomes and Long-Term Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

Wan-Ling Luo, Qing-Bo Wang, Yu-Kai Li et al. · 2025 · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of middle hepatic vein (MHV) resection during hemihepatectomy on short-term surgical outcomes and long-term prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods:…

View details →DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s556306Cited by 23
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Ambient Artificial Intelligence to Improve Health Practitioner Well-Being

Majid Afshar, Mary Ryan, Felice Resnik et al. · 2025 · NEJM AI

BACKGROUND: Electronic health record (EHR) documentation is a major contributor to work-related practitioner exhaustion and the interpersonal disengagement known as burnout. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) scribes that passively…

View details →DOI: 10.1056/aioa2500945Cited by 23
Negative / Null Result Report

Using short message service text reminders to reduce ‘did not attend’ rates in sexual health and HIV appointment clinics

Thomas Farmer, Gary Brook, John McSorley et al. · 2013 · International Journal of STD & AIDS

‘Did not attend’ and cancellation rates were compared for two 12-month periods before (2009) and after (2012/2013) the introduction of routine short message service text reminders being sent to patients who have pre-booked appointments.…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/0956462413502325Cited by 23