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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

19803 results in Negative / Null Result Report · page 94 of 661

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Opening Pandora’s Loot Box: Weak Links Between Gambling and Loot Box Expenditure in China, and Player Opinions on Probability Disclosures and Pity-Timers

Leon Y. Xiao, Tullia C. Fraser, Philip Newall · 2022 · Journal of Gambling Studies

Loot boxes are quasi-gambling virtual products in video games that provide randomised rewards of varying value. Previous studies in Western contexts have identified a positive correlation between loot box purchasing and problem gambling severity. A preregistered survey of People's Republic of China (PRC) video game players (N = 879) failed to replicate this correlation. We observed statistically significant but weak positive correlations between loot box expenditure and past-year gambling participation, and between loot box expenditure and impulsiveness. This study cannot prove that loot boxes

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10148-0Cited by 27
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Calcium intake and its relationship with risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents

Tamara Beres Lederer Goldberg, Carla Cristiane da Silva, Luciana Peres et al. · 2026 · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición

Adolescents' eating habits are determined by social, psychological, economic, political, and educational influences. They tend to prefer foods with inadequate nutritional value and high fat and carbohydrate content which leads to excessive…

View details →DOI: 10.37527/2009.59.1.002Cited by 27
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Performance similarities predict collective benefits in dyadic and triadic joint visual search

Basil Wahn, Artur Czeszumski, Peter König · 2018 · PLoS ONE

When humans perform tasks together, they may reach a higher performance in comparison to the best member of a group (i.e., a collective benefit). Earlier research showed that interindividual performance similarities predict collective benefits for several joint tasks. Yet, researchers did not test whether this is the case for joint visuospatial tasks. Also, researchers did not investigate whether dyads and triads reach a collective benefit when they are forbidden to exchange any information while performing a visuospatial task. In this study, participants performed a joint visual search task e

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191179Cited by 27
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Peptide‐Drug Conjugates: A New Hope for Cancer

Amy Armstrong, Fleur Coburn, Yanyamba Nsereko et al. · 2025 · Journal of Peptide Science

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are advancing as targeted cancer therapies, leveraging lessons from antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to improve tumour specificity. These molecules combine a homing peptide with a cytotoxic payload via a linker, enabling precise drug delivery while sparing healthy tissue. Despite their potential, PDCs face challenges including metabolic instability, premature payload release and rapid clearance, limiting clinical success. Only Lutathera remains FDA-approved after Pepaxto's withdrawal, though Pepaxto retains EMA and MHRA approval-highlighting regulatory and technic

View details →DOI: 10.1002/psc.70040Cited by 27
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Collagenase-mediated extracellular matrix targeting for enhanced drug penetration and therapeutic efficacy in nanoscale delivery systems for cancer therapy

Pengyu Gong, Fei Wang, Yixin Hua et al. · 2025 · Journal of Nanobiotechnology

The highly fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes a major barrier that restricts the penetration and delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs, particularly in fibrotic tumors such as pancreatic cancer, in which cancer-associated…

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12951-025-03815-yCited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies

Marelisa Albelo-Martínez, Syed Rizvi · 2025 · Neurotherapeutics

Progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) include primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Unlike relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), progressive MS is recognized by relentless progression with accumulating disability, rare to no relapses nor new activity on MRIs. Clinically, neurologic worsening in MS can occur in the relapsing-remitting (RRMS) phase of disease due to incomplete recovery from neuroinflammatory relapses. However, a progressive disease course is the dominant factor related to accumulating disability. There is persistent central nervous system (CNS) compa

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00601Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Six-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis

John K. Forrest, Steven J. Yakubov, G. Michael Deeb et al. · 2026 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology

BACKGROUND: The Evolut Low Risk trial enrolled patients with severe aortic stenosis at low surgical risk. Annual follow-up is planned for 10 years, evaluating the composite of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke and key secondary…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2026.02.5063Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Resolving data bias improves generalization in binding affinity prediction

David Graber, Peter Stockinger, Fabian Meyer et al. · 2025 · Nature Machine Intelligence

The field of computational drug design requires accurate scoring functions to predict binding affinities for protein-ligand interactions. However, train-test data leakage between the PDBbind database and the Comparative Assessment of Scoring Function benchmark datasets has severely inflated the performance metrics of currently available deep-learning-based binding affinity prediction models, leading to overestimation of their generalization capabilities. Here we address this issue by proposing PDBbind CleanSplit, a training dataset curated by a new structure-based filtering algorithm that elim

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s42256-025-01124-5Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Chronic Wound Healing: Translational and Clinical Relevance

Mahrukh Riaz, Muhammad Zohaib Iqbal, Agnes S. Klar et al. · 2025 · MedComm

Chronic wounds-such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pressure ulcers (PUs), and venous leg ulcers (VLUs)-pose a serious clinical challenge due to their prolonged inflammatory phase and impaired healing. Increasing evidence reveals that dysregulated immune responses are central to the pathogenesis of chronic wounds. A complex interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells, contributes to chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and tissue repair failure. While current treatments target symptoms, they often overlook the und

View details →DOI: 10.1002/mco2.70378Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

How to interpret a discovery or null result of the $$0\nu 2\beta $$ 0 ν 2 β decay

Zhi-zhong Xing, Zhen-hua Zhao, Ye-Ling Zhou · 2015 · The European Physical Journal C

The Majorana nature of massive neutrinos will be crucially probed in the next-generation experiments of the neutrinoless double-beta ( $$0\nu 2\beta $$ ) decay. The effective mass term of this process, $$\langle m\rangle _{ee}$$ , may be contaminated by new physics. So how to interpret a discovery or null result of the $$0\nu 2\beta $$ decay in the foreseeable future is highly nontrivial. In this paper we introduce a novel three-dimensional description of $$|\langle m\rangle _{ee}|$$ , which allows us to see its sensitivity to the lightest neutrino mass and two Majorana phases in a transparent

View details →DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3656-6Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Novel SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sequence Bioinformatic Pipeline Has Found Genetic Evidence That the Viral 3′ Untranslated Region (UTR) Is Evolving and Generating Increased Viral Diversity

Carlos Farkas, Andy Mella, Maxime Turgeon et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Microbiology

An unprecedented amount of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing has been performed, however, novel bioinformatic tools to cope with and process these large datasets is needed. Here, we have devised a bioinformatic pipeline that inputs SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing in FASTA/FASTQ format and outputs a single Variant Calling Format file that can be processed to obtain variant annotations and perform downstream population genetic testing. As proof of concept, we have analyzed over 229,000 SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences up until November 30, 2020. We have identified over 39,000 variants worldwide with increased polymo

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.665041Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Complete Atrioventricular Block does not Reduce Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

José Marı́a Tolosana, Emilce Trucco, Malek Khatib et al. · 2013 · European Journal of Heart Failure

AIMS: A maximum percentage of ventricular pacing is mandatory to obtain a good response to CRT. Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation has been recommended to attain this objective in patients with AF. THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: (i) to…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft114Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Liver only metastatic disease in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Impact of surgery and chemotherapy

Sunita Padman, Robert Padbury, Carol Beeke et al. · 2013 · Acta Oncologica

BACKGROUND: Metastatectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) is now a standard of care with improved survival reported. Conversion chemotherapy has increased the population who are suitable for surgery. Here we assess patterns of care and…

View details →DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2013.831473Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Cross-species transcriptome analysis for early detection and specific therapeutic targeting of human lupus nephritis

Eleni Frangou, Panagiotis Garantziotis, Maria Grigoriou et al. · 2022 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

OBJECTIVES: Patients with lupus nephritis (LN) are in urgent need for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions targeting aberrant molecular pathways enriched in affected kidneys. METHODS: We used mRNA-sequencing in effector (spleen) and target (kidneys, brain) tissues from lupus and control mice at sequential time points, and in the blood from 367 individuals (261 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 106 healthy individuals). Comparative cross-tissue and cross-species analyses were performed. The human dataset was split into training and validation sets and machine learning was

View details →DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-222069Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Estimating the Additive Benefit of Surgical Excision to Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Metastatic Brain Disease

Matthew R. Quigley, Nicholas R. Bello, Diana H. Jho et al. · 2015 · Neurosurgery

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the benefits of surgical tumor resection plus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in comparison with SRS alone for patients with oligometastatic brain disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of adding…

View details →DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000707Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

Effect of Zinc Supplementation vs Placebo on Mortality Risk and HIV Disease Progression Among HIV-Positive Adults With Heavy Alcohol Use

Matthew S. Freiberg, Debbie M. Cheng, Natalia Gnatienko et al. · 2020 · JAMA Network Open

Importance: Zinc supplementation can reduce alcohol-related microbial translocation and inflammation. Objective: To assess whether zinc supplementation reduces markers of mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease, reduces levels of inflammation and microbial translocation, and slows HIV disease progression in people with heavy alcohol use who are living with HIV/AIDS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study is a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of zinc supplementation among participants recruited from 2013 to 2015. Participants were recruited from HIV and ad

View details →DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4330Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Lenvatinib Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Improve Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

Xiaozhun Huang, Lin Xu, Teng Ma et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Oncology

BACKGROUND: Nivolumab and pembrolizumab disrupt the programmed cell death-1 immune checkpoint and display promising efficacy and safety results in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the benefits remain limited. The preliminary results of lenvatinib (LEN) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reveal that the combinations were well-tolerated and encouraging. This study aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of LEN plus ICIs in a real-world cohort of patients with advanced HCC. METHOD: Between June 4, 2017, and June 30, 2019, 16 patients received LEN plus nivolumab, a

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751159Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Adjuvant Therapeutic Modalities in Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus Patients

Bingwen Zou, Tao Li, Qiang Zhou et al. · 2016 · Medicine

To evaluate the treatment pattern and survival of patients receiving radical resection for primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE).This retrospective study included 150 patients who received radical resection of PSCCE. Data were retrieved from 4 centers in Western China. Thirty-nine of 150 patients received postoperative chemo-radiotherapy, 62 received postoperative chemotherapy, and 49 received radical resection only. The median radiation dosage was 50 Gy. The chemotherapeutic regimen was platinum-based and lasted for 2 to 6 cycles (median, 3).Median disease-free survival (mDFS)

View details →DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003507Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cβ Does Not Improve Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Joshua A. Beckman, Allison B. Goldfine, Alison Goldin et al. · 2010 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

CONTEXT: Antagonism of protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta) restores endothelial function in experimental models of diabetes and prevents vascular dysfunction in response to hyperglycemia in healthy humans. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis…

View details →DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0286Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Comparisons between Murine Polyomavirus and Simian Virus 40 Show Significant Differences in Small T Antigen Function

Shaida Andrabi, Justin H. Hwang, Jennifer Kean Choe et al. · 2011 · Journal of Virology

Although members of a virus family produce similar gene products, those products may have quite different functions. Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (LT), for example, targets p53 directly, but murine polyomavirus LT does not. SV40…

View details →DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05034-11Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Female Chess Players Outperform Expectations When Playing Men

Tom Stafford · 2018 · Psychological Science

Stereotype threat has been offered as a potential explanation of differential performance between men and women in some cognitive domains. Questions remain about the reliability and generality of the phenomenon. Previous studies have found…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/0956797617736887Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Yeast Species, Strains, and Growth Media Mediate Attraction of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Rodrigo Lasa, Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente, Anne Gschaedler et al. · 2019 · Insects

Specific ecological interactions between insects and microbes have potential in the development of targeted pest monitoring or control techniques for the spotted wing drosophilid, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an exotic invasive pest of soft fruit. To evaluate D. suzukii attraction to yeast species from preferred types of fruit, three yeasts were isolated from blackberry fruit and two yeasts from raspberry fruit and used to bait simple plastic bottle traps. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum were identified from blackberries, whereas a different H. uvarum strain was identified

View details →DOI: 10.3390/insects10080228Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Across Date Species Detection Using Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy

Anthony Laybros, Daniel Schläpfer, Jean‐Baptiste Féret et al. · 2019 · Remote Sensing

Imaging spectroscopy is a promising tool for airborne tree species recognition in hyper-diverse tropical canopies. However, its widespread application is limited by the signal sensitivity to acquisition parameters, which may require new training data in every new area of application. This study explores how various pre-processing steps may improve species discrimination and species recognition under different operational settings. In the first experiment, a classifier was trained and applied on imaging spectroscopy data acquired on a single date, while in a second experiment, the classifier wa

View details →DOI: 10.3390/rs11070789Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Significant association between clinical characteristics and immuno-phenotypes in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis

Kotaro Matsumoto, Katsuya Suzuki, Keiko Yoshimoto et al. · 2019 · Lara D. Veeken

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the association between clinical characteristics and immuno-phenotypes in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS: Peripheral blood from 36 patients with active AAV and 18 healthy controls was…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez327Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Natural killer cell functional genetics and donor-specific antibody-triggered microvascular inflammation

Matthias Diebold, Hannes Vietzen, Andreas Heinzel et al. · 2023 · American Journal of Transplantation

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a leading cause of graft failure. Emerging evidence suggests a significant contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to microvascular inflammation (MVI). We investigated the influence of genetically determined NK cell functionality on ABMR development and activity. The study included 86 kidney transplant recipients subjected to systematic biopsies triggered by donor-specific antibody detection. We performed killer immunoglobulin-like receptor typing to predict missing self and genotyped polymorphisms determining NK cell functionality (FCGR3AV/F158 [rs39699

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.005Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result ReportEngineering

Systematic Strategy for Obtaining a Dividing-Wall Column Applied to an Extractive Distillation Process

Gardênia Marinho Cordeiro, M.F. Figueirêdo, Wagner Brandão Ramos et al. · 2017 · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

Currently, process intensification using dividing-wall columns (DWCs) is one of the most promising alternatives for reducing the costs of the distillation process. However, for extractive distillation, there are still questions regarding…

View details →DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b05047Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Photovoltaic fields largely outperform afforestation efficiency in global climate change mitigation strategies

Rafael Stern, Jonathan D Muller, Eyal Rotenberg et al. · 2023 · PNAS Nexus

Abstract Suppression of carbon emissions through photovoltaic (PV) energy and carbon sequestration through afforestation provides complementary climate change mitigation (CCM) strategies. However, a quantification of the “break-even time”…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad352Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Simple questionnaires outperform behavioral tasks to measure socio-emotional skills in students

Mélusine Boon-Falleur, Adrien Bouguen, Axelle Charpentier et al. · 2022 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Recent empirical research has shown that improving socio-emotional skills such as grit, conscientiousness and self-control leads to higher academic achievement and better life outcomes. However, both theoretical and empirical…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04046-5Cited by 26
Negative / Null Result Report

Intracranial Pressure Changes following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Lack of Significant Change in the Absence of Mass Lesions or Hypoxia

Levon Gabrielian, Luke W. Willshire, Stephen C. Helps et al. · 2011 · Journal of Neurotrauma

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes raised intracranial pressure (ICP), with >50% of all TBI- related deaths being associated with this increase in ICP. To date, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for TBI, partly because…

View details →DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1785Cited by 26