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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21733 results · page 488 of 725

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports

The Comparison of the Effect of Audience and Music on Learning and Performance of Discrete Skill (Basketball Free Throw)

Farnaz Torabi, Mahmud Sheikh, Elahe Arabameri et al. · 2009 · رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ورزشی

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. Subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n=12) and control (n=12). Protocol of acquisition phase included basketball free throw for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 15 trails each session with the presence of motivational factors in separate groups. Score of free throw test was recorded per session. Then, posttest was carried out a

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Analgesic Effect of Apotel Versus Pethidine After Hemilaminectomy

Mohammadreza Emamhadi, Hamid Behzadnia, Seifollah Jafari et al. · 2019 · Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences

Background: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon, and its management affects considerably on the recovery process, and patients’ satisfaction. Apotel and pethidine are two conventional medicines used to relieve pain after operation. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous injection of Apotel and intramuscular injection of pethidine in relieving pain after hemilaminectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 150 patients who underwent hemilaminectomy were recruited between May 2015 and November 2015. They were taking either Apotel (n=

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessInfectious and parasitic diseases

Completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment with 300 mg vs. 100 mg isoniazid tablets: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial

João Paulo Cola, Thiago Nascimento do Prado, Bárbara Manuella Cardoso Sodré Alves et al. · 2025 · BMC Infectious Diseases

Abstract Background Monotherapy with the drug isoniazid (INH) was for a long time the main therapeutic regimen used for tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT). Research is progressing into the use of new therapeutic regimens that provide more complete TPT. The objective was to analyze the completion and safety of TPT with the drug INH in the form of 300 mg tablets. Methods Pragmatic, randomized, non-blinded, multicenter clinical trial conducted in Brazil from January 2019 to December 2022. Subjects over the age of 18 years with an indication for TPT was included and those whose index case of

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-10678-z
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Increased Risk of Graft Failure after ACL Reconstruction in Young Female Athletes with Hamstring Grafts

Mark V. Paterno PhD, PT, Staci Thomas MS, Timothy E. Hewett PhD, FACSM et al. · 2017 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Objectives: The incidence of second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and return to sport (RTS) in a young, active population is likely between 25-33% with the greatest risk in the first 12 months after RTS. Although the use of allograft tissue in young athletes has been reported to result in increased risk of graft failure, differences in graft and contralateral ACL injury risk between patients who receive a hamstrings (HS) autograft and bone-patellar tendon- bone (BTB) autograft has yet to be reported in a young, athletic population. The tested hypothesi

View details →DOI: 10.1177/2325967117s00301
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPublic aspects of medicine

Survey of cyclopids (Crustacea, Copepoda) in Brazil and preliminary screening of their potential as dengue vector predators

Santos Luciana Urbano dos, Andrade Carlos Fernando S. de · 1997 · Revista de Saúde Pública

INTRODUCTION: Cyclopid copepods are known to be good mosquito controllers, specially as regards the larvae of the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The objective of the study was to survey the local copepod fauna and search for new strains of M. longisetus var. longisetus, comparing the potential of the samples found with the current strain ML-01 against Ae. albopictus larvae, under laboratory conditions. Eleven bodies of water in Campinas, SP, Brazil, were screened for copepods by collecting 1.5 l of water from each of then. The predatory potential of adult

Negative / Null Result Report

Is there any Significant Effect of Business Process Re-Engineering Strategy on Service Delivery in the Contextualization of Food Manufacturing Companies in Kenya?

Richard Nyaanga Ongeri, Peterson Obara Magutu, Kate Litondo · 2020 · Archives of Business Research

The main objective of the study was to determine if there any significant effect of business process re-engineering strategy on service delivery in the contextualization of food manufacturing companies in Kenya. Accordingly, the study…

View details →DOI: 10.14738/abr.89.9075
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental sciences

Effects of macrobenthic bioturbation on the abundance and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes under different temperatures

Dayong Zhao, Xinyi Cao, Jin Zeng et al. · 2017 · Journal of Freshwater Ecology

In order to investigate the effects of macrobenthos on the abundance and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes under different temperature conditions, laboratory microcosms containing two kinds of macrobenthos (Corbicula fluminea and Tubificid worms) were constructed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clone libraries were applied to analyze the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) communities in the surface sediments. The lowest abundances of the archaeal and bacterial amoA gene were found in the samples cultured under 28 °C (archaeal amoA gene abunda

View details →DOI: 10.1080/02705060.2017.1320307
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Relationship Between SOFA, qSOFA, SIRS Criteria Scoring Systems and 1-Year Mortality in Patients Followed Up in Level 3 Intensive Care Unit after Orthopedic Surgery

Erkal Bilgiç, Orhan Balta, Mehmet Burtaç Eren et al. · 2021 · Journal of Contemporary Medicine

Predictive scoring systems are designed to predict patients' discharge status, patient mortality, Intensive Care Unit(ICU) mortality and lenght of hospital stay. These scoring systems, which are aimed to standardize and form a common language in terms of evaluating patient general health situation, are used in the evaluation of patients in many ICU.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the scoring systems that can be used to predict the mortality of the patients who will be followed up in the ICU after orthopedic surgery and predict the mortality that occurs in the first year outs

View details →DOI: 10.16899/jcm.821510
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSurgery

Novel calcaneal plate versus traditional philos plate for treating split fractures of humeral greater tuberosity

Fei Wang, Xiaohui Niu, Haibo Xia et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Surgery

PurposeTo compare the effect of two internal fixation methods of calcaneal plate fixation and Philos plate fixation in treating split fractures of humeral greater tuberosity.Patients and methodsA total of 37 patients with split fractures of humeral greater tuberosity were retrospectively analyzed from September 2016 to April 2021. Enrolled patients were divided into Group A (calcaneal anatomical locking plates), and Group B [Proximal Humeral Internal Locking System (PHILOS)]. The demographics, injury-related variables, surgery-related variables, Constant-Murley score, and postoperative complic

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1272887
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Comparative Study of Abdominal Pain Characteristics after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass in Patients with Morbid Obesity

Mohammadreza Zarei, Mozhgan joker, Negin Larti et al. · 2020 · مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان

Background: This study aimed to investigate and compare the characteristics of abdominal pain after bariatric surgery with two techniques of Laparoscopic One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (LOAGB) and Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) in patients with morbid obesity. Methods: This prospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 114 patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery. Patients were entered to study in one of two groups of LOAGB and LRYGB by convenient and continuous sampling. The characteristics of abdominal pain of patients were investigated and compared at ce

View details →DOI: 10.22122/jims.v38i596.12933
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology

Clinical outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding during antithrombotic drug therapy

Yoshiyasu Kono, Seiji Kawano, Yuki Okamoto et al. · 2018 · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology

Background: The clinical outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) during antithrombotic drug therapy has not been fully investigated. Methods: Patients who underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for the investigation of OGIB at Okayama University Hospital from January 2009 to March 2016 were enrolled. We evaluated the VCE findings, the patterns of OGIB, and the rate of rebleeding within 1 year in antithrombotic drug users and antithrombotic drug nonusers. Results: A total of 181 patients were enrolled. Among the antithrombotic drug users, the rate of VCE positivity in

View details →DOI: 10.1177/1756283x17746930
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAquaculture. Fisheries. Angling

Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

S. Dalal, S. Bhattacharya, A.K. Ray · 2001 · Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings (mean weight 4.06 ±0.08 g). Nine purified diets prepared with 25, 35, and 40 % protein level each having 15, 25, and 35 % carbohydrate were fed to nine different feeding groups at the rate of 3% of body weight in triplicate treatments. Better performance of fish in terms of percent weight gain, SGR, FCR, and PER was observed with increasing percentage of

View details →DOI: 10.3750/aip2001.31.2.01
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Clinical evaluation of the effect of acentric double pedicle graft with and without the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on root coverage outcomes in class I and II Miller root recessions: A randomized clinical trial

Nader Abolfazli, Masoumeh Faramarzi, Fariba Salehsaber et al. · 2018 · Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry

Background. Acentric double pedicle graft is an alternative to double pedicle graft, which can improve clinical outcomes by removing tension in sutures. This study examined the effect of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the success rate of acentric double pedicle graft in treating patients with Miller Class I and II recessions. Methods. A total of 16 Miller Class I and II lesions were studied in 8 patients. The samples were divided into two groups in terms of PRF use: with PRF and without PRF. Indices, including recession depth, width of keratinized gingiva and pocket depth, were measured w

View details →DOI: 10.15171/japid.2018.010
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychiatry

Status of Perceived Stress and Quality of Life in Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic

Subodh Kumar, Divye Kartikey, Jayeeta Biswas · 2022 · Indian Journal of Private Psychiatry

Background: The deadly second wave of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic swept through the whole of India during the month of April–May 2021. Restrictions like lockdowns and social distancing impacted the normal functioning of life. It is in this backdrop that we need to understand the perceived stress and quality of life among people. Aim and objective: The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate and study the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life among adults living in Delhi NCR, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A 1

View details →DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10067-0102
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Lower Activation in Frontal Cortex and Posterior Cingulate Cortex Observed during Sex Determination Test in Early-Stage Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Ravi Rajmohan, Ronald C. Anderson, Dan Fang et al. · 2017 · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Face-labeling refers to the ability to classify faces into social categories. This plays a critical role in human interaction as it serves to define concepts of socially acceptable interpersonal behavior. The purpose of the current study was to characterize, what, if any, impairments in face-labeling are detectable in participants with early-stage clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type (CDDAT) through the use of the sex determination test (SDT). In the current study, four (1 female, 3 males) CDDAT and nine (4 females, 5 males) age-matched neurotypicals (NT) completed the SDT using

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00156
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Patients’ Satisfaction Evaluation

Ebru Kaya Mutlu, Arzu Razak Özdinçler · 2014 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Objectives: Although many studies were focused on the assessment of patients' satisfaction, few studies have specifically addressed this issue for knee osteoartritis. Global rating of change (GRC) scales are very commonly used in clinical research, particularly in the musculoskeletal area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients’ satisfaction of the Mulligan’s Mobilization with Movement (MWM) techniques, Passive Mobilization (PM) techniques and physical therapy modalities (PTM) (superficial heat or cold, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and therapeutic ultrasou

View details →DOI: 10.1177/2325967114s00172
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Effects of Bougie Diameters on Tissue Oxygen Levels After Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Experimental Trial

Can Konca, Ali Abbas Yılmaz, Süleyman Utku Çelik et al. · 2018 · Balkan Medical Journal

Background: Staple-line leak is the most frightening complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and several predisposing factors such as using improper staple sizes regardless of gastric wall thickness, narrower bougie diameter and ischemia of the staple line are asserted. Aims: To evaluate the effects of different bougie diameters on tissue oxygen partial pressure at the esophagogastric junction after sleeve gastrectomy. Study Design: A randomized and controlled animal experiment with 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 group

View details →DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0484
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessGeriatrics

Effect of the Casein-Derived Peptide Met-Lys-Pro on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Adults Without Dementia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Yuda N, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K et al. · 2020 · Clinical Interventions in Aging

Naoki Yuda,1 Miyuki Tanaka,1 Koji Yamauchi,1 Fumiaki Abe,1 Izumi Kakiuchi,2 Kyoko Kiyosawa,2 Mitsunaga Miyasaka,2 Naoki Sakane,3 Masahiko Nakamura4 1Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan; 2Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; 3Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan; 4Matsumoto City Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, JapanCorrespondence: Naoki YudaFood Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co.

Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Results of the performance test for quality assessment of personal radiation dosimetry services including the influence of the dosimeter readout frequency

Chen-Ju Feng, Chin-Hui Wu, Yi-Hui Huang et al. · 2022 · Scientific Reports

Abstract This study was to determine the significance of factors considered for the measurement accuracy of personal dosimeter in dosimetry services such as dosimetry service, irradiation category, years of use and readout frequency. The investigation included management information questionnaire, on-site visit and blind test. The blind test with random selected personal badge was used in inter-comparison of eight dosimetry services, and the test results followed ANSI/HPS N13.11 criteria. This study also analyzed the measurement deviations if they felt in the criteria of ICRP 75 or not. One-wa

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23942-y
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effects of co-occurrence and intra- and interspecific interactions between Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus

Larine de Paiva Mendonça, Khalid Haddi, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy · 2023 · PLoS ONE

In drosophilids, competition and coexistence can impact survivorship, growth, and reproductive output. Here, we evaluated direct competition between two co-occurring fruit flies, the spotted-wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii and the African fig fly Zaprionus indianus, comparing results from field collections with laboratory experiments. Field collections were conducted to evaluate co-occurrence between species. In the laboratory, different densities of eggs of each species were provided an artificial diet, and intra- and interspecific densities were evaluated regarding biological traits such

Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMiscellaneous systems and treatments

Aerobic training versus strength exercises on muscle strength and quality of life for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Doaa Mohamed, Faten Abd Alazim, Elham Salem et al. · 2020 · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy

Abstract Background The treatment for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can lead to multiple adverse effects, including poor physical capacity and muscle weakness. This study aimed to determine which is more effective, aerobic exercises or modified strength training program, on muscle strength and quality of life (QOL) for children with ALL. Results In terms of muscle strength, there was a significant difference (P 0.05) between groups on QOL. Conclusion The outcomes of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the selected group of muscles at b

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s43161-020-00007-7
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Height Estimation Using Anthropometric Parameters of the Upper Limbs in the Indigenous Population of Bushehr

Nahid Jashirenezhad, Sahar Almasi Turk, Marzieh Mahmoodi et al. · 2025 · Iranian South Medical Journal

Background: Identifying individuals based on their height is of great importance, especially in cases such as accidents or burns where identifying individuals is challenging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate upper extremity parameters in a population of Bushehr in a relative formulation to predict their stature using anatomical indices. Materials and Methods: The project involved men and women aged 18 to 50 who were themselves born and both they and two generations before them also lived there. The indices of arm, forearm, hand, upper extremity, and stature were measured in

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiology (General)

Age-Dependent Changes in Bone Architecture, Patterning, and Biomechanics During Skeletal Regeneration

Kevin Hoffseth, Emily Busse, Josue Jaramillo et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Mouse digit amputation provides a useful model of bone growth after injury, in that the injury promotes intramembranous bone formation in an adult animal. The digit tip is composed of skin, nerves, blood vessels, bones, and tendons, all of which regenerate after digit tip amputation, making it a powerful model for multi-tissue regeneration. Bone integrity relies upon a balanced remodeling between bone resorption and formation, which, when disrupted, results in changes to bone architecture and biomechanics, particularly during aging. In this study, we used recently developed techniques to evalu

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749055
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Knowledge of correct prescription of radiographs among dentists in Yazd, Iran

Fatemeh Ezoddini Ardakani, Vahid Sarayesh · 2008 · Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects

Background and aims. While the use of X-ray is increasing, professional responsibility of dentists entitles them to have sufficient and correct knowledge of using radiographs. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of correct prescription of radiographs among dentists in Yazd, Iran. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including 134 general dentists and dental specialists. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their level of knowledge in various sections pertaining to prescription of radiographs. Their level of knowledge was com

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Is the Lind or LaPrade Technique Able to Control Anterior and Rotational Laxity in Medial-Side Knee Injuries? A Controlled Laboratory Study of 18 Knees

Michel Drouineau MD, Baptiste Guegan MD, Harold Common MD et al. · 2025 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posterior oblique ligament (POL) is necessary to restore stability in chronic lesions on the medial side of the knee. The Lind technique uses a single-strand, pedicled semitendinosus tendon autograft to perform continuous reconstruction of the MCL and POL. The LaPrade technique uses 2 free grafts: 1 graft for the MCL (double-strand semitendinosus tendon graft) and 1 graft for the POL (double-strand gracilis tendon graft). Purpose: To investigate the LaPrade and Lind techniques in restraining tibial translation and rotation

View details →DOI: 10.1177/23259671251389124
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology

Novel three-dimensional imaging system may facilitate gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure: an ex vivo animal study

Naoki Akizue, Tomoaki Matsumura, Daisuke Maruoka et al. · 2018 · Endoscopy International Open

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires advanced skills to perform safely without complications. The current study evaluated the usefulness of a novel three-dimensional (3D) imaging system in ESD using porcine stomachs. Methods Four endoscopists (two trainees and two experts) performed eight ESD procedures using both 3D and 2D images. The usefulness of 3D image versus 2D image was evaluated by visibility and procedure time. In addition, occurrence of eyestrain and dizziness in 3D image was assessed. Results En bloc resection was successfully achieved, without

View details →DOI: 10.1055/a-0761-9649
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTechnology

Territorial defense of the red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (Pycnonotidae), in a semi-wild habitat of the bird farm

Sunthorn Sotthibandhu · 2003 · Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology (SJST)

The territorial behavior of the red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus, was studied in the semiwild habitat of a bird farm compound in the District of Chana, Songkhla Province, the south of Thailand. The male and female birds were bred and reared in the farm till they reached maturity following which they were released to the wild. A mating pair was later formed and their territory established in the farm area. A decoy was used to simulate a natural intruder to the defended area. Ten test stations were sited in the four cardinal points of the compass and with reference to the farmhouse. The

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPublic aspects of medicine

Nanofat Injection for the Treatment of Abnormal Scar Compared with Triamcinolone Acetonide

Almas Mirza Murastomo, Agus Santoso Budi, Magda Rosalina Hutagalung et al. · 2023 · Biomolecular and Health Science Journal

Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scars arise from abnormal healing processes in fibrous tissue where tissue repair and regeneration control mechanisms do not work well. The standard treatment is an intralesional steroid injection with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). This method is effective, but there are some side effects include hypopigmentation and tissue atrophy. The nanofat method has been applied to various skin conditions with fewer side effects. Therefore, the use of nanofat with its regenerative properties can be expected to yield better results. This study aims to compare the decr

View details →DOI: 10.4103/bhsj.bhsj_19_23
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Evaluation of body-self-perception of sedentary individuals aged over 30 who attended fitness center classes

Engin Gezer, Gulten Herguner, Mahmut Gulle et al. · 2014 · Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi

With this study; it was aimed to obtain multi-dimensional evaluation of body-self perception levels of sedentary individuals aged over 30 who attended fitness center classes. The population of the study was consisted of fitness centers located inHatayProvince. The sample was composed of 80 sedentary individuals (38 men and 42 women) who attended the selected fitness centers with random sampling. All of the subjects were included in the study with voluntariness principle. Pre-test and post-test method was used in order to conduct a more illustrative study. In the study; a personal information f

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

Assessing the psychometric properties of persian version of Zarit Burden interview among family caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis

Hajar Haghshenas, Zeinab Jokar, Ladan Zarshenas et al. · 2023 · BMC Nursing

Abstract Background Caring for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes a great burden on caregivers and affects their lives in various aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Persian version of 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) among family caregivers of patients with MS. Methods This methodological study was conducted in Fars province, southern of Iran. For this purpose, 120 family caregivers were recruited to participate in the study from January to March 2022. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was translated into Persian through forward–backward method. F

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01260-6