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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21720 results · page 353 of 724

Negative / Null Result Report

Effects of Acid and Alkali Pretreatments on the Degradation Patterns and Structural Properties of Lignocellulose in Energy Crop Arundo donax L.

Zhennan He, Guolin Yang, Siyi Wang et al. · 2026 · Agronomy

Arundo donax L. is a significant energy crop and perennial grass, with its efficient conversion holding substantial implications for the utilization of agricultural biomass resources. However, the distinct effects of acid and alkali…

View details →DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16100986
Short NoteOpen access

Karakteristik Sampah Makroplastik di Pantai Wisata Lamaru Kota Balikpapan

Ayla Nursari, Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga, Ristiana Eryati · 2023 · JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN

Marine debris is one of the environmental problems in Indonesia's coastal and marine areas, especially macroplastics. One of the coastal areas with macroplastic problems is the tourist beach, which may adversely affect the coastal…

View details →DOI: 10.29303/jstl.v9i2.431
Short Note

Appplication of Biochar and Rice Husk Ash to sulfur Absorption, Growth and Production of Shallots Plant (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Sri Pratiwi Aritonang, E. Sianipar, Efbertias Sitorus et al. · 2025 · Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA

In this study, the application of biochar and rice husk ash to sulfur uptake, growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) aims to determine the effect of biochar and rice husk ash on the growth and production of shallots…

View details →DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.11115
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMusic

Commentary on Lee & Zaryab

Olivier Senn · 2023 · Empirical Musicology Review

The study by Lee & Zaryab (this issue) investigated whether listening to high-groove music affects how heterosexual observers rate the attractiveness of people from the opposite sex. They found a very small positive effect of high-groove music on the male observers, but no effect on females. In my commentary, I argue for a more conservative interpretation of the results than the one offered by the authors.

View details →DOI: 10.18061/emr.v17i2.9586
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system

Characteristics of vestibular migraine, probable vestibular migraine, and recurrent vertigo of childhood in caloric and video head impulse tests

Qin Zhang, Qin Zhang, Qin Zhang et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Neurology

ObjectiveVertigo is very common in children, but the specific diagnosis and characteristics are not clear. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of caloric test (CT) and video head impulse test (vHIT) in vestibular migraine of childhood (VMC), probable vestibular migraine of childhood (PVMC), and recurrent vertigo of childhood (RVC), which can provide a reference value for their clinical diagnosis.MethodsWe selected VMC, PVMC and RVC patients under 18 years of age from the outpatient Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery between May 2021 and August 20

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1050282
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOphthalmology

Comparison of microbiology and visual outcomes of patients undergoing small-gauge and 20-gauge vitrectomy for endophthalmitis

Almeida DRP, Chin EK, Shah SS et al. · 2016 · Clinical Ophthalmology

David RP Almeida,1 Eric K Chin,2,3 Shaival S Shah,3 Benjamin Bakall,3 Karen M Gehrs,3 H Culver Boldt,3 Stephen R Russell,3 James C Folk,3 Vinit B Mahajan3,41VitreoRetinal Surgery PA, Minneapolis, MN, 2Retina Consultants of Southern California, Riverside, CA, 3Vitreoretinal Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 4Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USABackground: The role of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for endophthalmitis has evolved over recent decades but the literature is lacking on comparisons between small-gauge and 20-gauge vitrectomy.Objective: To eval

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Comparing Different Ways of Position on Vascular Complications after Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial

MR Yeganekhah, T Dadkhahe Tehrani, MT Ziyuayinejad · 2012 · Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Qum

Background and Objectives: Coronary angiography is the golden diagnostic test for coronary heart disease that causes various vascular complications. To prevent these complications, patients are completely restricted in bed. Changing position is considered an alteration in routine care protocols after coronary angiography, improving patients’ comfort and satisfaction that is considered in current studies. The purpose of this study is the comparing different ways of position on vascular complications after coronary angiography. Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out in post angiograp

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effective Factors in Clinical Education Quality from the Viewpoints of Operation Room and Anesthesiology Students in Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences

Hashem Heshmati, Karim darvishpour · 2015 · مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی

Introduction: Clinical education is one of the most important aspects of medical and paramedical students' education and has a determining role in the professional future of these students as well as other professionals in health care. So this study aimed to evaluate the effective factors in the quality of clinical education from the viewpoints of operation room and Anesthesiology students in Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a number of 115 students of operation room and Anesthesiology studying in Torbat Heydarieh university o

Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Metascientific replication project with the advanced meta-experimental protocol of the transparent psi project procedures for testing the precognitive effect claimed by Bem.

Jan Walleczek, Nikolaus von Stillfried, Stefan Schmidt et al. · 2025 · PLoS ONE

This metascientific project studied the replicability of Bem Experiment 1, which had claimed a precognitive effect, i.e., the ability to successfully guess the outcome of future random events (Bem. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;100: 407-25). The use of advanced methodologies-based on the advanced meta-experimental protocol (AMP) and transparent psi project (TPP) procedures-reduced the risk of false discoveries as a function of (i) confirmation bias, (ii) non-transparency, and (iii) intrinsic measurement bias. The combined AMP-TPP test strategy performed three replication studies with a total of 26,

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0335330
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessPsychology

Problems of the defining the dimensions of the Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory

Smederevac Snežana, Mitrović Dušanka · 2005 · Psihologija

Jeffrey Gray has modified Eysenck's system by rotating the dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism by 45 degrees, which resulted in two new dimensions: impulsivity (behavioral approach system) and anxiety (behavioral inhibition system). The main purpose of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scale, inventory for assessment of dimensions included in Gray's theory, in order to, also, test the foundation of the Gray's constructs themselves. 476 participants were included, age 17 to 77. All subjects completed The BIS/BAS scale (Carver & White, 1994) and The Big Five

View details →DOI: 10.2298/psi0503311s
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Production location of the gelling agent Phytagel has a significant impact on Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis.

Caitlin N Jacques, Anna K Hulbert, Shelby Westenskow et al. · 2020 · PLoS ONE

BACKGROUND:Recently, it was found that 1% Phytagel plates used to conduct Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis no longer reproduced previously published results. This Phytagel, which is produced in China (Phytagel C), has replace American-made Phytagel (Phytagel), which is no longer commercially available. In this study, we present the impact of Phytagel produced in the United States vs. China on seedling phenotypic analysis. As a part of this study, an alternative gelling agent has been identified that is capable of reproducing previously published seedling morphometrics. RESULTS

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228515
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Evidence for a single rather than a triple dissociation in the medial temporal lobe: An fMRI recognition memory replication study

Julie Van, Sam E. Nielsen, C. Brock Kirwan · 2022 · NeuroImage: Reports

Common research practices in neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging may produce outcomes that are difficult to replicate. Results that cannot be replicated have contributed to a replication crisis in psychology, neuroscience, and other disciplines over the years. Here we replicate two previous papers in which the authors present two analysis paths for a dataset in which participants underwent fMRI while performing a recognition memory test for old and new words. Both studies found activation in the medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, with the first demonst

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100135
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

Hematopoietic cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by NK cells and immune evasion.

Shunchuan Zhang, Lauren E Springer, Han-Zhi Rao et al. · 2021 · PLoS Pathogens

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes clinically important diseases in immune compromised and immune immature individuals. Based largely on work in the mouse model of murine (M)CMV, there is a consensus that myeloid cells are important for disseminating CMV from the site of infection. In theory, such dissemination should expose CMV to cell-mediated immunity and thus necessitate evasion of T cells and NK cells. However, this hypothesis remains untested. We constructed a recombinant MCMV encoding target sites for the hematopoietic specific miRNA miR-142-3p in the essential viral gene IE3. This virus diss

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009255
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessImmunologic diseases. Allergy

A chimeric vaccine derived from Australian genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice from lethal challenge

Jessica J. Harrison, Wilson Nguyen, Mahali S. Morgan et al. · 2024 · npj Vaccines

Abstract In 2022, a genotype IV (GIV) strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) caused an unprecedented and widespread outbreak of disease in pigs and humans in Australia. As no veterinary vaccines against JEV are approved in Australia and all current approved human and veterinary vaccines are derived from genotype (G) III JEV strains, we used the recently described insect-specific Binjari virus (BinJV) chimeric flavivirus vaccine technology to produce a JEV GIV vaccine candidate. Herein we describe the production of a chimeric virus displaying the structural prM and E proteins of a JEV GIV

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00903-2
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessNeurology. Diseases of the nervous system

Fingolimod modulates microglial activation to augment markers of remyelination

Baker David, Giovannoni Gavin, Jackson Samuel J · 2011 · Journal of Neuroinflammation

Abstract Introduction Microglial activation in multiple sclerosis has been postulated to contribute to long-term neurodegeneration during disease. Fingolimod has been shown to impact on the relapsing remitting phase of disease by modulating autoreactive T-cell egress from lymph organs. In addition, it is brain penetrant and has been shown to exert multiple effects on nervous system cells. Methods In this study, the impact of fingolimod and other sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor active molecules following lysophosphotidyl choline-induced demyelination was examined in the rat telencephalon reagg

View details →DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-76
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAstrophysics

Constraining the Faint-end Slope of the Fast Radio Burst Energy Function Using CHIME/FRB Catalog-1 and Local Volume Galaxies

Mohit Bhardwaj, Victoria M. Kaspi, K. W. Masui et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Despite hundreds of detected fast radio bursts (FRBs), the faint-end slope ( γ ) of their energy distribution remains poorly constrained, hindering understanding of whether bright, cosmological FRBs and faint, Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154-like bursts share a common origin. In this study, we constrain this faint-end slope, modeled with a Schechter-like distribution, by searching for potential associations between bursts from the CHIME/FRB Catalog-1 and galaxies in the Local Volume. We crossmatched CHIME/FRB Catalog-1 FRBs with 495 Local Volume galaxies within 21 Mpc, identified from the HECA

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aded17
Replication FailureOpen accessNuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity

Search for excited tau leptons in the ττγ final state in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{\text{s}}$$ = 13 TeV

The CMS collaboration, A. Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan et al. · 2025 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Abstract Results are presented for a test of the compositeness of the heaviest charged lepton, τ, using data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data were collected in 2016–2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1. This analysis searches for tau lepton pair production in which one of the tau leptons is produced in an excited state and decays to a ground state tau lepton and a photon. The event selection consists of two isolated tau lepton decay candidates and a high-energy photon. The mass of

View details →DOI: 10.1007/jhep06(2025)006
Replication FailureOpen accessAstrophysics

Deep Einstein@Home Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from the Central Compact Objects in the Supernova Remnants Vela Jr. and G347.3-0.5 Using LIGO Public Data

J. Ming, M. A. Papa, H.-B. Eggenstein et al. · 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal

We perform a search for continuous nearly monochromatic gravitational waves from the central compact objects associated with the supernova remnants Vela Jr. and G347.3. Over 10 ^18 different waveforms are considered, covering signal frequencies between 20 and 1300 Hz (20 and 400 Hz) for G347.3-0.5 (Vela Jr.) and a very broad range of frequency derivatives. The data set used for this first search is from the second observing run of LIGO (O2). Thousands of volunteers donating compute cycles through the computing project Einstein@Home have made this endeavor possible. Following the Einstein@Home

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad8b9e
Replication FailureOpen accessNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens

Nosocomial infections causedby Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cancer clinics

N. V. Dmitrieva, M. V. Eidelshtein, V. V. Aginova et al. · 2019 · Сибирский онкологический журнал

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of isolation of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and identify the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems.Material and methods. We analyzed 866 strains of Pseudomonos aeruginosaisolated from clinical samples from cancer patients in the period 2014–2016. the level of resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin in dynamics was determined. carbapenem-resistant (car-R) strains were examined for the presence of enzymes.Results. Between 2014 and 2016, the number of strains resi

View details →DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2019-18-2-28-34
Methods Dead-EndOpen accessMedicine

A Comparative Analysis of Serum Sodium Level Utilizing Direct and Indirect Ion Selective Electrode in Critically Ill Patients with Hypoalbuminemia: Methodological Insights and Clinical Implications

Rukhsana Tumrani, S. Sabahat Haider, Mehvish Sana · 2024 · Pakistan Journal of Medical Research

Background: Serum electrolytes are one of the most frequently requested tests in patients from critical care settings. Methodsfor estimation of serum electrolytes include direct and indirect ion selective electrode (ISE). In case of indirect ISE, the pre-analytical dilution step can result in pseudonormonatremia or pseudohypernatremia in setting of hypoalbuminemia. Discrepancy in sodium results can lead to the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of critically ill patients. Objective: To evaluate the difference of mean serum sodium level measured by direct and indirect ISE in critically ill patients

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen access

Application of aquaponics technology with different substrate combinations on water quality and growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Miftahul Jannah, Zulpikar Zulpikar, Muliani Muliani · 2021 · Acta Aquatica

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a type of freshwater fish that is widely cultivated by Indonesians. The problem that often arises in cultivation is lack of water quality. One of the ways to improve water quality is by using aquaponics…

View details →DOI: 10.29103/aa.v8i3.3711
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Efficacy and safety of azvudine versus nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in cancer patients with COVID-19

Bohan Jia, Junyi Sun, Di Zhu et al. · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Cancer significantly contributes to the unfavorable prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The efficacy and safety of azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) in cancer patients with COVID-19 remain uncertain. Therefore, we designed a comprehensive retrospective study encompassing clinical data of 32,864 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 691 of whom were cancer patients treated with azvudine and 200 were cancer patients treated with Paxlovid. After 2:1 propensity score matching, 397 patients in the azvudine group and 199 patients in the Paxlovid group were enro

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85677-w
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Morphological and dimensional characteristics of dental arch in children with beta thalassemia major

Disha Kumar, Anant Gopal Nigam, Nikhil Marwah et al. · 2018 · Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the arch dimensions of beta thalassemia major patients in comparison with normal individuals. Materials and Methods: Dental arch dimensions were compared between thalassemic patients and normal individuals in the age group of 12–16 years in the maxillary and mandibular arch corresponding to each other regarding age, sex and Angle's molar relationship. A total number of sixty cases in each group were taken. Maxillary and mandibular impressions were made with alginate for all the sixty participants in each group and poured with die

View details →DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_283_16
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Indoor NO2 air pollution and lung function of professional cooks

M.A. Arbex, L.C. Martins, L.A.A. Pereira et al. · 2007 · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

Studies of cooking-generated NO2 effects are rare in occupational epidemiology. In the present study, we evaluated the lung function of professional cooks exposed to NO2 in hospital kitchens. We performed spirometry in 37 cooks working in four hospital kitchens and estimated the predicted FVC, FEV1 and FEF25-75, based on age, sex, race, weight, and height, according to Knudson standards. NO2 measurements were obtained for 4 consecutive days during 4 different periods at 20-day intervals in each kitchen. Measurements were performed inside and outside the kitchens, simultaneously using Palm diff

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOphthalmology

Risk factors for opaque bubble layer in femtosecond-laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (an Egyptian study)

Ahmed S Abdel-Wanes, Abelrahman G Salman, Azza M.A Said et al. · 2020 · Journal of the Egyptian Ophthalmological Society

Aim To determine the risk factors responsible for opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation in femtosecond-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FSL-LASIK). Patients and methods A retrospective, comparative study was carried out from January 2015 to January 2017 in El-Watany Eye Hospital. Two hundred eyes who were eligible for FSL-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FSL was done using FS200, wavelight, Germany SR/1025-1-380) were classified into two groups. Group I: the study group with OBL formation during surgery (100 eye) and group (II): the control group without OBL formation during surgery

View details →DOI: 10.4103/ejos.ejos_24_20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Epidemiological analysis of demographic characteristics and type of injuries in patients with multiple trauma with respect to conclusive treatment outcome

Zagorac Slaviša, Bumbaširević Marko, Lešić Aleksandar et al. · 2008 · Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo

Introduction Multiple trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the population of people under 45 years of age. The consequences of multiple trauma have huge epidemiological, social and economic significance. Objective The aim of the paper was to analyze the conclusive treatment outcome of multiply traumatized patients with respect to their sex, age, injury mechanism and type. METHOD This retrospective study included 100 patients with multiple injuries (ISS>16) treated in the Emergency Room of the Clinical Centre of Serbia in the course of 2004. Clinical, X-ray, laborat

View details →DOI: 10.2298/sarh0804136z
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The effect of body mass index on blood pressure and heart rate in patients undergoing tooth extraction

Levent Cigerim, Erkan Feslihan · 2019 · Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alterations in blood pressure (BP) and variability of heart rate (HR) throughout dental procedures were not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on BP and HR in patients undergoing tooth extraction. METHODS: Based on BMI, 831 patients who underwent single tooth extraction were divided into two groups; group 1: underweight and normal-weight patients, group 2: overweight and obese patients. BP and HR were monitored before local anesthesia and after tooth extraction. For statistical analysis of the data, Number Cruncher

View details →DOI: 10.22122/johoe.v8i4.1026
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Paper 28: Mid-term Follow-up of Patellofemoral Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation

Tim Wang MD, Van Krueger, Roslyn Kackman et al. · 2025 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Objectives: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an effective treatment method for articular cartilage damage in the knee. The mid- and long-term outcomes of patellofemoral OCA transplantation has been less frequently reported compared to those of the medial and lateral compartments of the knee, and these grafts often show lower survival rates and worse patient-reported outcomes. The unique morphology and biomechanics of the patellofemoral compartment leads to different pathologies than other areas of the knee. The purpose of this study was to assess graft survivorship and patient-

View details →DOI: 10.1177/2325967125s00085
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessHistory of scholarship and learning. The humanities

The Effectiveness of A Gratitude-Based Counseling Program In Developing Psychological Well-Being Among Female Students Of King Khalid University In Abha City

Asmaa Al-suhimi · 2023 · مجلة جامعة الأنبار للعلوم الإنسانية

The current study aimed to design a counseling program based on gratitude for the development of psychological well-being, verify the effectiveness of this program and identify the continuity of its impact through the results of follow-up measurement after a month of its application. An intentional sample of (24) female students from the College of Education at King Khalid University, were randomly divided into two groups, a control, and an experimental group, each group consisted of 12 students, and the research tools used to measure the psychological well-being of university students Prepare

View details →DOI: 10.37653/juah.2023.138251.1158