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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21247 results · page 128 of 709

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Invited Review: Inflammation and Health in the Transition Period Influence Reproductive Function in Dairy Cows

T.C. Bruinjé, S.J. LeBlanc · 2025 · Animals

In the early postpartum period, dairy cows undergo significant adaptations in Ca and lipid metabolism, immune function, and inflammatory processes. Concurrent exposure to endotoxins from the uterus, gastrointestinal tract, or mammary gland increases the risk of disease and reproductive problems. Metabolic and inflammatory imbalances during this phase can have both immediate and long-term effects on reproductive health. Associations between metabolic disorders and reproductive outcomes are often confounded by immune activation and systemic inflammation. However, optimal markers, thresholds, and

View details →DOI: 10.3390/ani15050633Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDecision Sciences

Artificial intelligence, data elements, digital economy, and corporate innovation performance

Yuan Ma, Wenchao Zhang, Chengxiang Ma et al. · 2025 · International Review of Economics & Finance

In an era defined by digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical driver of corporate competitiveness, yet the mechanisms through which it enhances innovation remain a key area of inquiry. This study…

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2025.104560Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

The effects of exercise on complement system proteins in humans: a systematic scoping review

Daniela Rothschild-Rodriguez, John P. Campbell, Frankie Brown et al. · 2026 · PubMed

BACKGROUND: The complement system is comprised of the classical, lectin and alternative pathways that result in the formation of: pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxins; opsonins that label cells for phagocytic removal; and, a membrane attack…

View details →DOI: 10.22029/eir.2022.1750Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessArts and Humanities

Unique Motivations of the Underserved: Exploring Repertoire, Self-Identified, and Topical News Avoidance Among Black Adults

Miya Williams Fayne, Stephanie Edgerly · 2025 · Mass Communication & Society

This study examines three forms of news avoidance (repertoire, self-identified, and topical) among Black Americans and the overlap between the different forms. We center African Americans, who are often ignored or stereotyped by mainstream…

View details →DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2025.2578807Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEarth and Planetary Sciences

Revising the Giant Planet Mass–Metallicity Relation: Deciphering the Formation Sequence of Giant Planets

Yayaati Chachan, Jonathan J. Fortney, Kazumasa Ohno et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract The rate at which giant planets accumulate solids and gas is a critical component of planet formation models, yet it is extremely challenging to predict from first principles. Characterizing the heavy element (everything other than hydrogen and helium) content of giant planets provides important clues about their provenance. Using thermal evolution models with an updated H–He equation of state and atmospheric boundary conditions that vary with envelope metallicity, we quantify the bulk heavy element content of 147 warm (<1000 K) giant planets with well-measured masses and radii, mo

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae0cbfCited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Volumetric urban sprawl: Horizontal and vertical growth in two metropolitans

Alì Soltani, Parviz Azizi, Aliasghar Rahimioun et al. · 2025 · Journal of Urban Management

The escalating complexities of rapid urbanization necessitate a paradigm shift in urban form evaluation, moving beyond traditional horizontal analyses to incorporate the crucial dimension of vertical growth. This study pioneers a volumetric approach, integrating 3D and 2D spatial analyses, to dissect compactness, sprawl, and their underlying drivers across two contrasting metropolitan regions: the Tehran Metropolitan Region (TMR) and the Greater Sydney Region (GSR) over a 40-year period (1980s–2020s). Our findings reveal a striking dichotomy: TMR exhibits pronounced ‘vertical sprawl,’ characte

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2025.03.006Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Therapeutic Potential of Calcium Channel Blockers in Neuropsychiatric, Endocrine and Pain Disorders

Aarish Manzar, Aleksandar Sič, Crystal E. Banh et al. · 2025 · Cells

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), originally developed for cardiovascular indications, have gained attention for their therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric, endocrine, and pain-related disorders. In neuropsychiatry, nimodipine and isradipine, both L-type CCBs, show mood-stabilizing and neuroprotective effects, with possible benefits in depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In endocrinology, verapamil, a non-dihydropyridine L-type blocker, has been associated with the preservation of pancreatic β-cell function and reduced insulin dependence in diabetes. CCBs may also aid in manag

View details →DOI: 10.3390/cells14141114Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Economic Growth, FDI, Tourism, and Agricultural Productivity as Drivers of Environmental Degradation: Testing the EKC Hypothesis in ASEAN Countries

Yuldoshboy Sobirov, Beruniy Artikov, Elbek Khodjaniyazov et al. · 2025 · Sustainability

This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and key macroeconomic and sectoral drivers in ten ASEAN economies from 1995 to 2023. Employing Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, Prais–Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panel-corrected standard errors, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) estimators, the analysis accounts for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and endogeneity. Results indicate that GDP exerts a more-than-unitary positive effect on emissi

View details →DOI: 10.3390/su17188394Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMaterials Science

Innovative Strategies to Overcome Stability Challenges of Single-Atom Nanozymes

Rong Guo, Qiuzheng Du, Yaping He et al. · 2026 · Nano-Micro Letters

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metal-carrier interactions, which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field. However, stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields, including disease diagnosis (e.g., biosensors and diagnostic imaging), antitumor therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy), antim

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01939-2Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Physical activity for public health in the 21st century

Deborah Salvo, Inácio Crochemore-Silva, Andrea Wendt et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine

With over 5 million attributed deaths per year, physical inactivity is a major global public health issue. Although the importance of physical activity is well recognized within the scope of obesity and cardiometabolic disease prevention…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04237-5Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia

Chad A. Baumwart, Tom J. Doherty, James Schumacher et al. · 2011 · American Journal of Veterinary Research

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of preinduction hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in ameliorating signs of experimentally induced endotoxemia in horses. ANIMALS: 18 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were randomly assigned…

View details →DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1266Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Is There Significant Difference between Digital and Glass Mercury Thermometer?

Hadgu Gerensea, Rajalakshmi Murugan · 2016 · Advances in Nursing

Background . Children’s decisions concerning investigation and treatment may be based on the results of temperature alone. Although the accuracy of axillary temperature measurement is affected by a number of factors, device dwell time and device type are common. Objective . Compare body temperature between glass mercury thermometer (GMT) and digital thermometer (DT). Method . Comparative descriptive study was used. A total of 101 samples were taken with convenient sampling technique, but 98 were analyzed. Statistical significance (p<0.01) and clinical significance (MD≥0.2°C) were used in th

View details →DOI: 10.1155/2016/3474503Cited by 14
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Clearance of HBeAg and HBsAg of HBV in mice model by a recombinant HBV vaccine combined with GM-CSF and IFN-α as an effective therapeutic vaccine adjuvant

Weidong Zhao, Gan Zhao, Shuren Zhang et al. · 2018 · Oncotarget

// Weidong Zhao 1 , Gan Zhao 1 , Shuren Zhang 1 , Xianzheng Wang 1 , Xueping Yu 2 and Bin Wang 1 1 Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Correspondence to: Bin Wang, email: bwang3@fudan.edu.cn Keywords: GM-CSF; IFN-α; therapeutic vaccine; HBV; Ly6C hi monocyte Received: April 14, 2017      Accepted: October 30, 2017      Epub

View details →DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25789Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

New Insights in Adherence and Survival in Myotonic Dystrophy Patients Using Home Mechanical Ventilation

Charlotte Seijger, Joost Raaphorst, Judith M. Vonk et al. · 2021 · Respiration

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a complex treatment in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients, due to a presumed poor adherence, variable symptom improvement, and uncertainty regarding survival benefits.…

View details →DOI: 10.1159/000511962Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Significant differences in pediatric psychotropic side effects: Implications for school performance.

Thomas Kubiszyn, Sarah S. Mire, Sonia Dutt et al. · 2012 · School Psychology Quarterly

Some side effects (SEs) of increasingly prescribed psychotropic medications can impact student performance in school. SE risk varies, even among drugs from the same class (e.g., antidepressants). Knowing which SEs occur significantly more…

View details →DOI: 10.1037/a0027419Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: role of imaging in identifying/confirming DBS targets, predicting, and optimizing outcome and unravelling mechanisms of action

Dejan Georgiev, Harith Akram, Marjan Jahanshahi · 2021 · Psychoradiology

Following the established application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of movement disorders, new non-neurological indications have emerged, such as for obsessive-compulsive disorders, major depressive disorder, dementia, Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and addictions. As DBS is a network modulation surgical treatment, the development of DBS for both neurological and psychiatric disorders has been partly driven by advances in neuroimaging, which has helped explain the brain networks implicated. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging connectivity and electrophy

View details →DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab012Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Opportunistic pathology-based screening for diabetes

Aaron Simpson, Renata Krowka, Jennifer Kerrigan et al. · 2013 · BMJ Open

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential of opportunistic glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing of pathology samples to detect previously unknown diabetes. DESIGN: Pathology samples from participants collected for other reasons and suitable…

View details →DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003411Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ca2+–Calmodulin–Calcineurin Signaling Modulates α‐Synuclein Transmission

Jun Ueda, Norihito Uemura, Tomoyuki Ishimoto et al. · 2023 · Movement Disorders

Abstract Background The intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous research has shown that the neuronal uptake of such proteins is activity‐dependent;…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/mds.29401Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Emerging biologic frontiers for Sjogren’s syndrome: Unveiling novel approaches with emphasis on extra glandular pathology

Xiao Li, Maierhaba Maitiyaer, Qing Tan et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Pharmacology

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction, leading to dry eyes and mouth. Despite growing interest in biologic therapies for pSS, FDA approval has proven challenging due to trial complications. This review addresses the absence of a molecular-target-based approach to biologic therapy development and highlights novel research on drug targets and clinical trials. A literature search identified potential pSS treatment targets and recent advances in molecular understanding. Overlooking extraglandular symptoms like fatigue and depr

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377055Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Practice of oxygen use in anesthesiology – a survey of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care

Martin Scharffenberg, Thomas G. Weiss, Jakob Wittenstein et al. · 2022 · BMC Anesthesiology

Abstract Background Oxygen is one of the most commonly used drugs by anesthesiologists. The World Health Organization (WHO) gave recommendations regarding perioperative oxygen administration, but the practice of oxygen use in anesthesia, critical emergency, and intensive care medicine remains unclear. Methods We conducted an online survey among members of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). The questionnaire consisted of 46 queries appraising the perioperative period, emergency medicine and in the intensive care, knowledge about current recommendations by the WH

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01884-2Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Imaged-guided focused ultrasound in combination with various formulations of doxorubicin for the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Rianne Haumann, John Bianco, Piotr Waranecki et al. · 2022 · Translational Medicine Communications

Abstract Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a notoriously difficult tumor to treat, with an overall survival of DIPG patients being only 11 months. One of the major obstacles for the effective treatment of DIPG is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In order to circumvent the BBB, drug delivery methods are needed that target the pontine area. One such approach is microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS)—a non-invasive method that can temporarily and locally open the BBB. Previously, it was shown that FUS is safe with minimal side effects and rapid recovery times in preclinic

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s41231-022-00115-7Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

Communication of anticancer drug benefits and related uncertainties to patients and clinicians: document analysis of regulated information on prescription drugs in Europe

Courtney Davis, Anita K. Wagner, Maximilian Salcher‐Konrad et al. · 2023 · BMJ

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency with which relevant and accurate information about the benefits and related uncertainties of anticancer drugs are communicated to patients and clinicians in regulated information sources in Europe. DESIGN: Document content analysis. SETTING: European Medicines Agency. PARTICIPANTS: Anticancer drugs granted a first marketing authorisation by the European Medicines Agency, 2017-19. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Whether written information on a product addressed patients' commonly asked questions about: who and what the drug is used for; how the drug was studied; typ

View details →DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-073711Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Aβ plaques do not protect against HSV‐1 infection in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease, and HSV‐1 does not induce Aβ pathology in a model of late onset Alzheimer's disease

Olga V. Bocharova, Aidan Fisher, Narayan Pandit et al. · 2022 · Brain Pathology

The possibility that the etiology of late onset Alzheimer's disease is linked to viral infections of the CNS has been actively debated in recent years. According to the antiviral protection hypothesis, viral pathogens trigger aggregation…

View details →DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13116Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Predictors of Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Gábor Szabó, András Ágoston, Gábor Csató et al. · 2021 · Sensors

As demonstrated by earlier studies, pre-hospital triage with trans-telephonic electrocardiogram (TTECG) and direct referral for catheter therapy shows great value in the management of out-of-hospital chest pain emergencies. It does not only improve in-hospital mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, but it has also been identified as an independent predictor of higher in-hospital survival rate. Since TTECG-facilitated triage shortens both transport time and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related procedural time intervals, it was hypothesized that even high-risk patie

View details →DOI: 10.3390/s21030969Cited by 14
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

A Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain That Improves Stimulation of Antigen-Presenting Cells Does Not Enhance Vaccine Efficacy

Deanna Schmitt, Dawn M. O’Dee, Joseph Horzempa et al. · 2012 · PLoS ONE

Vaccination is a proven strategy to mitigate morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. The methodology of identifying and testing new vaccine candidates could be improved with rational design and in vitro testing prior to animal experimentation. The tularemia vaccine, Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), does not elicit complete protection against lethal challenge with a virulent type A Francisella strain. One factor that may contribute to this poor performance is limited stimulation of antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we examined whether the interaction of genetical

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031172Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Excision margins and sentinel lymph node status as prognostic factors in thick melanoma of the head and neck: A retrospective analysis

Olivia Ruskin, Alexandra Sanelli, Alan Herschtal et al. · 2016 · Head & Neck

BACKGROUND: Recommended margins for thick cutaneous melanoma (Breslow thickness >4 mm; T4) have decreased over recent decades. Optimal margins and the role of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in thick head and neck melanoma remain controversial.…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/hed.24444Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Kappa opioid agonists in the treatment of itch: just scratching the surface?

Tyler Beck, Elena Wilson, Erik Wilkes et al. · 2023 · Itch

Chronic pruritus is a debilitating condition affecting 23-44 million Americans. Recently, kappa opioid agonists (KOAs) have emerged as a novel class of potent antipruritic agents. In 2021, the Food and Drug Administration approved…

View details →DOI: 10.1097/itx.0000000000000072Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result Report

Patients deriving long-term benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate conserved patterns of site-specific mutations

Daniel R. Principe · 2022 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy and are now the preferred treatment for several tumor types. Though ICIs have shown remarkable efficacy in several cancer histologies, in many cases providing…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15714-5Cited by 14
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Antiviral activity of Chongkukjang extracts against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo

Bai Wei, Se-Yeoun Cha, Min Kang et al. · 2015 · Journal of Ethnic Foods

Chongkukjang is a traditional Korean fermented product prepared from soybeans and reported to have multiple biological functions, including antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses and continues to be a worldwide threat with a high potential to cause pandemics. Besides vaccination, only two classes of drugs are available for antiviral treatment against these pathogens. We tested the inhibitory activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Chongkukjang toward influenza A virus neuraminidase. All 10 compounds extracte

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.jef.2015.04.001Cited by 14