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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21681 results · page 114 of 723

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgricultural and Biological Sciences

Modified cyclodextrin type and dehydration methods exert a significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of encapsulated carvacrol and thymol

Santiago López‐Miranda, Daniel Berdejo, Elisa Pagán et al. · 2020 · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Abstract BACKGROUND The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their constituents has led to increasing interest in using them as natural preservative agents. However, their high sensitivity to light and oxygen, their volatility and…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11017Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Radioactive Iodine Therapy Did Not Significantly Increase the Incidence and Recurrence of Subsequent Breast Cancer

Hwa Young Ahn, Hye Sook Min, Yohwan Yeo et al. · 2015 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

CONTEXT: Previous studies on the extent to which radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer increases the risk of subsequently developing breast cancer have given conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the…

View details →DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2896Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Hydroxynorketamine: Implications for the NMDA Receptor Hypothesis of Ketamine’s Antidepressant Action

Lily R. Aleksandrova, Yu Tian Wang, Anthony G. Phillips · 2017 · Chronic Stress

The prevailing hypothesis of ketamine's unique antidepressant effects implicates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) inhibition-dependent enhancement of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-mediated transmission,…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/2470547017743511Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

Intensive Care Unit Educators: A Multicenter Evaluation of Behaviors Residents Value in Attending Physicians

Lekshmi Santhosh, Snigdha Jain, Anna K. Brady et al. · 2017 · Annals of the American Thoracic Society

RATIONALE: It is important for attending physicians to know which behaviors influence learner perceptions. To date, two studies focusing on general medicine attending physicians have been published addressing internal medicine residents'…

View details →DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201612-996bcCited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics

Representation of numerical magnitude in math-anxious individuals

Àngels Colomé · 2018 · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Larger distance effects in high math-anxious individuals (HMA) performing comparison tasks have previously been interpreted as indicating less precise magnitude representation in this population. A recent study by Dietrich, Huber, Moeller, and Klein limited the effects of math anxiety to symbolic comparison, in which they found larger distance effects for HMA, despite equivalent size effects. However, the question of whether distance effects in symbolic comparison reflect the properties of the magnitude representation or decisional processes is currently under debate. This study was designed t

View details →DOI: 10.1177/1747021817752094Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) in prostate cancer and strategies to enhance development: hope for a BiTE-r future

Harriet Lampe, Laura Tam, Aaron R. Hansen · 2024 · Frontiers in Pharmacology

Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) continues to have poor survival rates due to limited treatment options. Bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are a promising class of novel immunotherapies with demonstrated success in haematological malignancies and melanoma. BiTEs developed for tumour associated antigens in prostate cancer have entered clinical testing. These trials have been hampered by high rates of treatment related adverse events, minimal or transient anti-tumour efficacy and generation of high titres of anti-drug antibodies. This paper aims to analyse the challenges f

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399802Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness, Management and Accounting

Corporate Environmental Performance Leading Financial Performance: Impacts of Social Media Sentiment and Corporate Reputation

Tiasha Islam, Murugesh Arunachalum, Nirosha Hewa Wellalage et al. · 2025 · Business Strategy and the Environment

ABSTRACT This study examines the interplay between social media sentiment (SMS) and corporate reputation (CR) in shaping the relationship between corporate environmental performance (CEP) and corporate financial performance (CFP). Using a…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/bse.4201Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Primary Sjögren’s Disease: a review of unmet need, outcome measures, therapeutic advances and health economic impacts. Lessons from the NEw Clinical Endpoints in primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: an Interventional Trial based on stratifYing patients (NECESSITY) Innovative Health Initiative (IHI)

Simon Bowman, Raphaèle Séror, Raphaël Porcher et al. · 2025 · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Primary Sjögren's disease (pSjD) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease involving exocrine glands and associated with high symptom burden (dryness, fatigue, pain), systemic features and salivary gland dysfunction. B-cell hyperactivity is common, with an increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review describes the unmet need, scientific validity of outcome measures, optimisation of clinical trial design, therapeutic advances and how clinical improvement relates to health-related quality of life, additional quality-adjusted life years and economic benefit in pSjD. It deriv

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ard.2025.05.004Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Journal N-Pact Factors From 2011 to 2019: Evaluating the Quality of Social/Personality Journals With Respect to Sample Size and Statistical Power

R. Chris Fraley, Jia Y. Chong, Kyle A. Baacke et al. · 2022 · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science

Scholars and institutions commonly use impact factors to evaluate the quality of empirical research. However, a number of findings published in journals with high impact factors have failed to replicate, suggesting that impact alone may…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/25152459221120217Cited by 20
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

A triad of somatic mutagenesis converges in self-reactive B cells to cause a virus-induced autoimmune disease

Clara Young, Mandeep Singh, Katherine Jackson et al. · 2025 · Immunity

The unexplained association between infection and autoimmune disease is strongest for hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (HCV-cryovas). To analyze its origins, we traced the evolution of pathogenic rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies in four HCV-cryovas patients by deep single-cell multi-omic analysis, revealing three sources of B cell somatic mutation converged to drive the accumulation of a large disease-causing clone. A method for quantifying low-affinity binding revealed recurring antibody variable domain combinations created by V(D)J recombination that bound self-immu

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.12.011Cited by 20
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessMedicine

Chest computed tomography outcomes in a randomized clinical trial in cystic fibrosis: Lessons learned from the first ataluren phase 3 study

Harm A.W.M. Tiddens, Eleni‐Rosalina Andrinopoulou, Joe McIntosh et al. · 2020 · PLoS ONE

A phase 3 randomized double blind controlled, trial in 238 people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and at least one nonsense mutation (nmCF) investigated the effect of ataluren on FEV1. The study was of 48 weeks duration and failed to meet its primary endpoint. Unexpectedly, while FEV1 declined, chest computed tomography (CT) scores using the Brody-II score as secondary outcome measures did not show progression in the placebo group. Based on this observation it was concluded that the role of CT scans in CF randomized clinical trials was limited. However, more sensitive scoring systems were developed

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240898Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

X-point radiation: From discovery to potential application in a future reactor

M. Bernert, T.O.S.J. Bosman, T. Lunt et al. · 2025 · Nuclear Materials and Energy

Power exhaust is a crucial issue for future fusion reactors. Divertor detachment and the required power dissipation fractions of about 95% are foreseen to be achieved by impurity seeding. In a tokamak, at high seeding levels the radiation often concentrates in a small region inside the confined plasma near the X-point. In early observations the so-called X-point radiator (XPR) often led to back-transitions to L-mode or disruptions. In metal tokamaks or with higher available heating power, these regimes can be stabilized and are now established on AUG, JET, TCV, KSTAR and WEST. The XPR is a col

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2025.101916Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

Advanced IDS: a comparative study of datasets and machine learning algorithms for network flow-based intrusion detection systems

Julio Cesar Munguía Mondragón, Paula Branco, Guy-Vincent Jourdan et al. · 2025 · Applied Intelligence

Globally, cyberattacks are growing and mutating each month. Intelligent Intrusion Network Detection Systems are developed to analyze and detect anomalous traffic to face these threats. A way to address this is by using network flows, an…

View details →DOI: 10.1007/s10489-025-06422-4Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

TREM2 in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Mutation Spectrum, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Targeting

Hye-Won Yang, Danyeong Kim, YoungSoon Yang et al. · 2025 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences

TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a membrane-bound receptor primarily expressed on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). TREM2 plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses, phagocytosis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Mutations in the TREM2 gene have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Nasu–Hakola disease (NHD). These mutations are suggested to impair microglial activation and reduce the ability to clear amyloid aggregates, leading to ex

View details →DOI: 10.3390/ijms26157057Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Could Alcohol Abuse Drive Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators’ Psychophysiological Response to Acute Stress?

Sara Vitoria-Estruch, Ángel Romero‐Martínez, Marisol Lila et al. · 2018 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Proactively aggressive individuals have been shown to present a different pattern of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation from that of individuals characterized by reactive violence. Although attempts have been made to classify intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators based on ANS reactivity to acute stress, subsequent studies have failed to replicate this classification. Notably, the proposed classification neglected the role of chronic alcohol abuse in ANS dysregulation and the fact that this dysregulation entails an abnormal stress response. The aim of the present study was to a

View details →DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122729Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

The influence of income and testosterone on the validity of facial width-to-height ratio as a biomarker for dominance

Emilou Noser, Jessica Schoch, Ulrike Ehlert · 2018 · PLoS ONE

Research has indicated that men's facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is part of an evolved system of social dominance, aggression, and power. fWHR has been linked to antisocial behavior, measured by self-reported aggression, but recent studies have failed to replicate this finding. To overcome these inconsistencies, influencing factors such as social status have to be taken into account in order to explain the relationship between fWHR and aggression. In particular, income has been shown to be an important influencing factor in this relationship. Furthermore, previous findings suggested that

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207333Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessImmunology and Microbiology

Shaping Neonatal Immunization by Tuning the Delivery of Synergistic Adjuvants via Nanocarriers

Soumik Barman, Francesco Borriello, Byron Brook et al. · 2022 · ACS Chemical Biology

) cells, and germinal center (GC) B cells along with the IgG2c-skewed humoral response in vivo. Dual-loaded cGAMP/CL075-PSs did not outperform admixed cGAMP-PS and CL075-PS in vivo. These data validate an optimally designed adjuvantation…

View details →DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00497Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Ömer Aydın, Enis Karaarslan, Fatih Safa Erenay et al. · 2026 · Turkish Journal of Engineering

DeepSeek v3, developed in China, was released in December 2024, followed by Alibaba’s Qwen 2.5 Max in January 2025 and Qwen3 235B in April 2025. These free and open-source models offer significant potential for academic writing and content…

View details →DOI: 10.31127/tuje.1838765Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance

The Role of Economic and Environmental Variables in Green Growth: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Ihsen Abid · 2025 · Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research

Saudi Arabia, as one of the world’s leading oil producers, faces critical challenges in transitioning to sustainable economic growth. The heavy reliance on oil exports, coupled with rapid urbanization and environmental degradation, underscores the urgent need for green growth strategies tailored to the Kingdom’s unique socioeconomic and environmental context. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the Green Growth Index (GGI), which measures sustainable economic growth, and analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between key variables such as environmental technology

View details →DOI: 10.48084/etasr.9836Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportSocial Sciences

DOES TRUST PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY?

Kitae Sohn, Illoong Kwon · 2016 · The Singapore Economic Review

Trust was found to promote entrepreneurship in the US. We investigated whether this was true in a developing country, Indonesia. We failed to replicate this; this failure was true whether trust was estimated at the individual or community…

View details →DOI: 10.1142/s0217590816500144Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Prognostic and predictive role of EGFR pathway alterations in biliary cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and anti-EGFR

Caterina Peraldo‐Neia, Giuliana Cavalloni, Elisabetta Fenocchio et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE

The association of anti-EGFR to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) chemotherapy did not improve survival in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) patients. Multiple mechanisms might be involved in the resistance to anti-EGFR. Here, we explored the mutation profile of EGFR extracellular domain (ECD), of tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), and its amplification status. EGFR mutational status of exons 12, 18-21 was analyzed in 57 tumors by Sanger sequencing. EGFR amplification was evaluated in 37 tumors by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated using the log-rank test. S

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191593Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Medium-sized protein language models perform well at transfer learning on realistic datasets

Luiz Carlos Vieira, Morgan L. Handojo, Claus O. Wilke · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Protein language models (pLMs) can offer deep insights into evolutionary and structural properties of proteins. While larger models, such as the 15 billion parameter model ESM-2, promise to capture more complex patterns in sequence space, they also present practical challenges due to their high dimensionality and high computational cost. We systematically evaluated the performance of various ESM-style models across multiple biological datasets to assess the impact of model size on transfer learning via feature extraction. Surprisingly, we found that larger models do not necessarily outperform

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-05674-xCited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Effect of a rice bran fiber diet on serum glucose levels of diabetic patients in Brazil

Cecília Rodrigues Silva, José Eduardo Dutra de Oliveira, Rui Augusto Hudari Gonçalves de Souza et al. · 2026 · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición

Eleven diabetic patients: 5, type 1 and 6, type 2 received a low-fiber diet (I) during 1 week and during the next 7 days the same diet, enriched with 40 g of fiber (30.6% insoluble and 11.7% soluble components) from rice bran (II) per day.…

View details →DOI: 10.37527/2005.55.1.003Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSocial Sciences

Fighting the spread of COVID-19 misinformation in Kyrgyzstan, India, and the United States: How replicable are accuracy nudge interventions?

Lyndsay Gavin, Jenna McChesney, Anson Tong et al. · 2022 · Technology Mind and Behavior

The spread of misinformation has generated confusion and uncertainty about how to behave with respect to protective actions during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social distancing and getting vaccinated. garnered significant press…

View details →DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000086Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the right anterior temporal lobe did not significantly affect verbal insight

Takatsugu Aihara, Takeshi OGAWA, Takeaki Shimokawa et al. · 2017 · PLoS ONE

Humans often utilize past experience to solve difficult problems. However, if past experience is insufficient to solve a problem, solvers may reach an impasse. Insight can be valuable for breaking an impasse, enabling the reinterpretation or re-representation of a problem. Previous studies using between-subjects designs have revealed a causal relationship between the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) and non-verbal insight, by enhancing the right ATL while inhibiting the left ATL using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In addition, neuroimaging studies have reported a correlation be

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184749Cited by 19
Failed Experiment ReportOpen accessPsychology

The effect of cognitive training in older adults: be aware of CRUNCH

Li Fu, Roy P. C. Kessels, Joseph H. R. Maes · 2020 · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition

Cognitive training research has revealed support for both the magnification and compensation accounts, respectively predicting larger or smaller training benefits for individuals already having strong cognitive abilities. A recent study in…

View details →DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1708251Cited by 19
Replication FailureOpen accessPsychology

Mortality salience effects fail to replicate in traditional and novel measures

Bjørn Sætrevik, Hallgeir Sjåstad · 2022 · Meta-Psychology

Mortality salience (MS) effects, where death reminders lead to ingroup-bias and defensive protection of one’s world-view, have been claimed to be a fundamental human motivator. MS phenomena have ostensibly been identified in several hundred studies within the “terror management theory” framework, but transparent and high-powered replications are lacking. Experiment 1 (N = 101 Norwegian lab participants) aimed to replicate the traditional MSeffect on national patriotism, with additional novel measures of democratic values and pro-sociality. Experiment2 (N = 784 US online participants) aimed to

View details →DOI: 10.15626/mp.2020.2628Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result Report

The Continuous Fragility Index of Statistically Significant Findings in Randomized Controlled Trials That Compare Interventions for Anterior Shoulder Instability

Mohammed Al-Asadi, Michelle Sherren, Hassaan Abdel Khalik et al. · 2024 · The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Evidence-based care relies on robust research. The fragility index (FI) is used to assess the robustness of statistically significant findings in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). While the traditional FI is limited to…

View details →DOI: 10.1177/03635465231202522Cited by 19
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Human metapneumovirus infection of organoid-derived human bronchial epithelium represents cell tropism and cytopathology as observed in in vivo models

Pau Ribó-Molina, Stefan van Nieuwkoop, Anna Z. Mykytyn et al. · 2024 · mSphere

ABSTRACT Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a member of the Pneumoviridae family, causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In vitro studies with HMPV have mostly been performed in monolayers of undifferentiated epithelial cells. In vivo studies in cynomolgus macaques and cotton rats have shown that ciliated epithelial cells are the main target of HMPV infection, but these observations cannot be studied in monolayer systems. Here, we established an organoid-derived bronchial culture model that allows physiologically relevant studies on HMPV. Inoculation with multiple prototype

View details →DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00743-23Cited by 19