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Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

21681 results · page 79 of 723

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Ability of the Met Kinase Inhibitor Crizotinib and New Generation EGFR Inhibitors to Overcome Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors

Shigeki Nanjo, Tadaaki Yamada, Hiroshi Nishihara et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

PURPOSE: Although EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) have shown dramatic effects against EGFR mutant lung cancer, patients ultimately develop resistance by multiple mechanisms. We therefore assessed the ability of combined treatment with the Met inhibitor crizotinib and new generation EGFR-TKIs to overcome resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lung cancer cell lines made resistant to EGFR-TKIs by the gatekeeper EGFR-T790M mutation, Met amplification, and HGF overexpression and mice with tumors induced by these cells were treated with crizotinib and a ne

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084700Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

The Outcomes of Using Colistin for Treating Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Species Bloodstream Infections

Seung-Kwan Lim, Sang‐Oh Lee, Seong-Ho Choi et al. · 2011 · Journal of Korean Medical Science

Despite the identification of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that demonstrate susceptibility to only colistin, this antimicrobial agent was not available in Korea until 2006. The present study examined the outcomes of patients with…

View details →DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.3.325Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessChemistry

Significant Differences Characterise the Correlation Coefficients between Biocide and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles in Staphylococcus aureus

Marco R. Oggioni, Joana Rosado Coelho, Leonardo Furi et al. · 2015 · Current Pharmaceutical Design

There is a growing concern by regulatory authorities for the selection of antibiotic resistance caused by the use of biocidal products. We aimed to complete the detailed information on large surveys by investigating the relationship…

View details →DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150310103238Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

Ilaria Salvato, Antonio Marchini · 2024 · Cancers

Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve pat

View details →DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071276Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Phase 1b open-label randomized study of the oncolytic adenovirus DNX-2401 administered with or without interferon gamma for recurrent glioblastoma.

Frederick F. Lang, Nam Tran, Vinay K. Puduvalli et al. · 2017 · Journal of Clinical Oncology

2002 Background: DNX-2401 is a replication-competent, tumor-selective, oncolytic adenovirus with enhanced infectivity that causes durable tumor control by killing tumor cells and eliciting antitumor immunity. To increase immune activation,…

View details →DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.2002Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering

Microbead-guided reconstruction of the 3D osteocyte network during microfluidic perfusion culture

Yexin Gu, Wenting Zhang, Qiaoling Sun et al. · 2015 · Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Osteocytes reside as 3-dimensionally networked cells in the lacunocanalicular structure of bones, and function as the master regulators of homeostatic bone remodeling. We report here, for the first time to our best knowledge, the use of a…

View details →DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00421gCited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportEarth and Planetary Sciences

Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas simulation with optimized ocean, sea ice, and thermodynamic ice shelf model parameters

Yoshihiro Nakayama, Dimitris Menemenlis, Michael Schodlok et al. · 2017 · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans

Abstract Recent studies suggest that the thickness of Winter Water (WW), that is, water with potential temperature below ∼−1°C located below Antarctic Surface Water and above Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is critical in determining the ice…

View details →DOI: 10.1002/2016jc012538Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine

A Comparison of Gray Matter Density in Restless Legs Syndrome Patients and Matched Controls Using Voxel‐Based Morphometry

Robert A. Comley, Simon Červenka, Sven Pålhagen et al. · 2010 · Journal of Neuroimaging

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder the pathophysiology of which is incompletely understood. Four studies have examined structural differences between the brains of RLS patients and healthy controls,…

View details →DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2010.00536.xCited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

The role of baryons in creating statistically significant planes of satellites around Milky Way-mass galaxies

Sheehan H. Ahmed, Alyson Brooks, Charlotte Christensen · 2016 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

We investigate whether the inclusion of baryonic physics influences the formation of thin, coherently rotating planes of satellites such as those seen around the Milky Way and Andromeda. For four Milky Way-mass simulations, each run both…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw3271Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportPsychology

The independent contributions of social reward and threat perceptions to romantic commitment.

Judith Gere, Geoff MacDonald, Samantha Joel et al. · 2013 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Although separate literatures have emerged on effects of social threats (i.e., rejection and negative evaluation) and rewards (i.e., connection and intimacy) on the process of commitment to a romantic relationship, no research has examined…

View details →DOI: 10.1037/a0033874Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

The effects of induced state negative affect on performance monitoring processes

Peter E. Clayson, Ann Clawson, Michael J. Larson · 2011 · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Previous research suggests that performance-monitoring processes are related to personality traits; relationships with affective states, however, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings that…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr040Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Moderators of wellbeing interventions: Why do some people respond more positively than others?

Adele Wang, S. Katherine Nelson, Kristin Layous et al. · 2017 · PLoS ONE

Interventions rarely have a universal effect on all individuals. Reasons ranging from participant characteristics, context and fidelity of intervention completion could cause some people to respond more positively than others. Understanding these individual differences in intervention response may provide clues to the mechanisms behind the intervention, as well as inform future designs to make interventions maximally beneficial for all. Here we focus on an intervention designed to improve adolescent wellbeing, and explore potential moderators using a representative and well-powered sample. 16-

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187601Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Loss of Protease Dimerization Inhibition Activity of Darunavir Is Associated with the Acquisition of Resistance to Darunavir by HIV-1

Yasuhiro Koh, Manabu Aoki, Matthew Danish et al. · 2011 · Journal of Virology

Dimerization of HIV protease is essential for the acquisition of protease's proteolytic activity. We previously identified a group of HIV protease dimerization inhibitors, including darunavir (DRV). In the present work, we examine whether…

View details →DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05121-11Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A validation study of crescents in predicting ESRD in patients with IgA nephropathy

Xiaoyan Zhang, Sufang Shi, Yan Ouyang et al. · 2018 · Journal of Translational Medicine

BACKGROUND: A working group on the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) recently reported that crescents detected in kidney tissue predicted a worse renal outcome. However, this finding must be validated in independent cohorts before it can be widely applied to clinical practice. METHODS: Biopsy-proven IgAN patients were continuously recruited from two large renal centers in China from 1989 to 2014. All patients were followed for more than 1 year unless end stage renal disease (ESRD) occurred within 12 months. Crescents were defined as focal cellular or fibrocellular crescent format

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1488-5Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessHealth Professions

Humans use multi-objective control to regulate lateral foot placement when walking

Jonathan B. Dingwell, Joseph P. Cusumano · 2019 · PLoS Computational Biology

A fundamental question in human motor neuroscience is to determine how the nervous system generates goal-directed movements despite inherent physiological noise and redundancy. Walking exhibits considerable variability and equifinality of task solutions. Existing models of bipedal walking do not yet achieve both continuous dynamic balance control and the equifinality of foot placement humans exhibit. Appropriate computational models are critical to disambiguate the numerous possibilities of how to regulate stepping movements to achieve different walking goals. Here, we extend a theoretical and

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006850Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnvironmental Science

Lights Off, Lights On: The Effects of Electricity Shortages on Small Firms

Morgan Hardy, Jamie McCasland · 2019 · The World Bank Economic Review

Abstract Entrepreneurs in developing countries report that unreliable electricity imposes a serious constraint, yet little evidence exists on how blackouts impact the micro-firms that account for the majority of employment. This article…

View details →DOI: 10.1093/wber/lhz028Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result Report

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang, Pierre Martre, Kaining Jin et al. · 2022 · Global Change Biology

Abstract Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, cold snaps and drought spells, related to global climate change, have become more frequent and intense in recent years. Acclimation of plant physiological processes to changes in…

View details →DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16488Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessHealth Professions

Comparison of formula‐fed infants with and without colic revealed significant differences in total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and faecal ammonia

Francesco Savino, Andrea Quartieri, Angela De Marco et al. · 2016 · Acta Paediatrica

AIM: This study compared the faecal microbial composition of formula-fed infants who did and did not have colic. METHODS: Faecal samples from formula-fed infants under 16 weeks of age with (n = 38) and without (n = 39) colic were collected at Department of Pediatrics in Turin, Italy, between February 2014 and October 2015. The pH and faecal ammonia were determined and total bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms were quantified by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). RESULTS: Faecal ammonia was significantly higher in the colicky infants than in the controls (483 vs.

View details →DOI: 10.1111/apa.13642Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Integrative review of artificial intelligence applications in nursing: education, clinical practice, workload management, and professional perceptions

Rabie Adel El Arab, Omayma Abdulaziz Al Moosa, Mette Sagbakken et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Public Health

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the nursing profession, presenting significant opportunities and challenges. Despite its promising potential in enhancing nursing education, clinical practice, and operational efficiency, critical barriers related to ethics, workforce adaptation, and humanistic care persist. Aim: This integrative review systematically evaluates the integration of AI in nursing practice, with a specific focus on nursing education, clinical care, workload management, and professional perceptions. Methods: Guided by PRISMA 2020 and the SPIDER framew

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1619378Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Paediatric exercise immunology: Health and clinical applications

Brian W. Timmons · 2026 · PubMed

Considerable advances have been made in exercise immunology over the last two decades, and it is becoming evident that many of the health benefits of regular physical activity may be directly related to activation of the immune system. The…

View details →DOI: 10.22029/eir.2005.1619Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science

The Impact of AI-Generated Instructional Videos on Problem-Based Learning in Science Teacher Education

Νικόλαος Πέλλας · 2025 · Education Sciences

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained significant prominence in science education, yet its practical applications, particularly in teacher training, remain underexplored. Specifically, there is a lack of research on AI’s potential to support personalized professional development through automated analysis of classroom interactions and tailored feedback. As science teacher education requires skill development in complex scientific concepts within problem-based learning (PBL) contexts, there is a growing need for innovative, technology-driven instructional tools. AI-generated instructional vid

View details →DOI: 10.3390/educsci15010102Cited by 44
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics and Astronomy

Little Red Dots at an Inflection Point: Ubiquitous V-shaped Turnover Consistently Occurs at the Balmer Limit

David J. Setton, Jenny E. Greene, Anna de Graaff et al. · 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract Among the most puzzling early discoveries of JWST are “little red dots” (LRDs), compact red sources that host broad Balmer emission lines, and in many cases exhibit a “V-shaped” change in slope in the rest-optical. The physical properties of LRDs currently have order-of-magnitude uncertainties, because models to explain the continuum of these sources differ immensely. Here, we leverage the complete selection of red sources in the RUBIES program, supplemented with public PRISM spectra, to study the origin of this V shape. By fitting a broken power law with a flexible inflection point,

View details →DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500Cited by 43
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Reliability of LLMs as medical assistants for the general public: a randomized preregistered study

Andrew M. Bean, Rebecca Payne, Guy Parsons et al. · 2026 · Nature Medicine

Global healthcare providers are exploring the use of large language models (LLMs) to provide medical advice to the public. LLMs now achieve nearly perfect scores on medical licensing exams, but this does not necessarily translate to accurate performance in real-world settings. We tested whether LLMs can assist members of the public in identifying underlying conditions and choosing a course of action (disposition) in ten medical scenarios in a controlled study with 1,298 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to receive assistance from an LLM (GPT-4o, Llama 3, Command R+) or a source

View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-04074-yCited by 43
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeuroscience

Why the A/AN prediction effect may be hard to replicate: a rebuttal to Delong, Urbach, and Kutas (2017)

Aine Ito, Andrea E. Martin, Mante S. Nieuwland · 2017 · Language Cognition and Neuroscience

In our recent publication “How robust are prediction effects in language comprehension? Failure to replicate article-elicited N400 effects” (Ito, Martin, & Nieuwland, 2016a), we report two experiments which failed to replicate existing…

View details →DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2017.1323112Cited by 43
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Genetic characterization of an insect-specific flavivirus isolated from Culex theileri mosquitoes collected in southern Portugal

Ricardo Parreira, Shelley Cook, Ângela Celis de Almeida Lopes et al. · 2012 · Virus Research

We describe the full genetic characterization of an insect-specific flavivirus (ISF) from Culex theileri (Theobald) mosquitoes collected in Portugal. This represents the first isolation and full characterization of an ISF from Portuguese mosquitoes. The virus, designated CTFV, for Culex theileri flavivirus, was isolated in the C6/36 Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) cell line, and failed to replicate in vertebrate (Vero) cells in common with other ISFs. The CTFV genome encodes a single polyprotein with 3357 residues showing all the features expected for those of flaviviruses. Phylogeneti

View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.04.010Cited by 43
Negative / Null Result Report

Extortion can outperform generosity in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma

Zhijian Wang, Yanran Zhou, Jaimie W. Lien et al. · 2016 · Nature Communications

Abstract Zero-determinant (ZD) strategies, as discovered by Press and Dyson, can enforce a linear relationship between a pair of players’ scores in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma. Particularly, the extortionate ZD strategies can enforce…

View details →DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11125Cited by 43
Negative / Null Result Report

Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirm ochre residues on 71 000‐year‐old bifacial tools from Sibudu, South Africa

M. Wojcieszak, L. Wadley · 2018 · Archaeometry

Micro‐residue analysis of stone tools is generally performed with optical light microscopy and the visual observations are then compared with experimental, replicated pieces. This paper complements such archaeological research by providing…

View details →DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12369Cited by 43