e-ISSN: Pending
Failure-mode index

Search what already failed

A searchable index of real negative results, null findings, and replication failures from the published literature — so you can learn what didn't work before repeating it.

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record (title, authors, DOI) compiled from open scholarly databases, with the abstract shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed (e.g. Creative Commons); otherwise a short excerpt is shown for reference under fair use. WASTE classifies each work by failure type; classifications are automated and approximate.

19847 results in Negative / Null Result Report · page 316 of 662

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBiology (General)

Age-Dependent Changes in Bone Architecture, Patterning, and Biomechanics During Skeletal Regeneration

Kevin Hoffseth, Emily Busse, Josue Jaramillo et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Mouse digit amputation provides a useful model of bone growth after injury, in that the injury promotes intramembranous bone formation in an adult animal. The digit tip is composed of skin, nerves, blood vessels, bones, and tendons, all of which regenerate after digit tip amputation, making it a powerful model for multi-tissue regeneration. Bone integrity relies upon a balanced remodeling between bone resorption and formation, which, when disrupted, results in changes to bone architecture and biomechanics, particularly during aging. In this study, we used recently developed techniques to evalu

View details →DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749055
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Knowledge of correct prescription of radiographs among dentists in Yazd, Iran

Fatemeh Ezoddini Ardakani, Vahid Sarayesh · 2008 · Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects

Background and aims. While the use of X-ray is increasing, professional responsibility of dentists entitles them to have sufficient and correct knowledge of using radiographs. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of correct prescription of radiographs among dentists in Yazd, Iran. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including 134 general dentists and dental specialists. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their level of knowledge in various sections pertaining to prescription of radiographs. Their level of knowledge was com

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Is the Lind or LaPrade Technique Able to Control Anterior and Rotational Laxity in Medial-Side Knee Injuries? A Controlled Laboratory Study of 18 Knees

Michel Drouineau MD, Baptiste Guegan MD, Harold Common MD et al. · 2025 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: Reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posterior oblique ligament (POL) is necessary to restore stability in chronic lesions on the medial side of the knee. The Lind technique uses a single-strand, pedicled semitendinosus tendon autograft to perform continuous reconstruction of the MCL and POL. The LaPrade technique uses 2 free grafts: 1 graft for the MCL (double-strand semitendinosus tendon graft) and 1 graft for the POL (double-strand gracilis tendon graft). Purpose: To investigate the LaPrade and Lind techniques in restraining tibial translation and rotation

View details →DOI: 10.1177/23259671251389124
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology

Novel three-dimensional imaging system may facilitate gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure: an ex vivo animal study

Naoki Akizue, Tomoaki Matsumura, Daisuke Maruoka et al. · 2018 · Endoscopy International Open

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires advanced skills to perform safely without complications. The current study evaluated the usefulness of a novel three-dimensional (3D) imaging system in ESD using porcine stomachs. Methods Four endoscopists (two trainees and two experts) performed eight ESD procedures using both 3D and 2D images. The usefulness of 3D image versus 2D image was evaluated by visibility and procedure time. In addition, occurrence of eyestrain and dizziness in 3D image was assessed. Results En bloc resection was successfully achieved, without

View details →DOI: 10.1055/a-0761-9649
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTechnology

Territorial defense of the red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (Pycnonotidae), in a semi-wild habitat of the bird farm

Sunthorn Sotthibandhu · 2003 · Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology (SJST)

The territorial behavior of the red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus, was studied in the semiwild habitat of a bird farm compound in the District of Chana, Songkhla Province, the south of Thailand. The male and female birds were bred and reared in the farm till they reached maturity following which they were released to the wild. A mating pair was later formed and their territory established in the farm area. A decoy was used to simulate a natural intruder to the defended area. Ten test stations were sited in the four cardinal points of the compass and with reference to the farmhouse. The

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPublic aspects of medicine

Nanofat Injection for the Treatment of Abnormal Scar Compared with Triamcinolone Acetonide

Almas Mirza Murastomo, Agus Santoso Budi, Magda Rosalina Hutagalung et al. · 2023 · Biomolecular and Health Science Journal

Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scars arise from abnormal healing processes in fibrous tissue where tissue repair and regeneration control mechanisms do not work well. The standard treatment is an intralesional steroid injection with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). This method is effective, but there are some side effects include hypopigmentation and tissue atrophy. The nanofat method has been applied to various skin conditions with fewer side effects. Therefore, the use of nanofat with its regenerative properties can be expected to yield better results. This study aims to compare the decr

View details →DOI: 10.4103/bhsj.bhsj_19_23
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Evaluation of body-self-perception of sedentary individuals aged over 30 who attended fitness center classes

Engin Gezer, Gulten Herguner, Mahmut Gulle et al. · 2014 · Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi

With this study; it was aimed to obtain multi-dimensional evaluation of body-self perception levels of sedentary individuals aged over 30 who attended fitness center classes. The population of the study was consisted of fitness centers located inHatayProvince. The sample was composed of 80 sedentary individuals (38 men and 42 women) who attended the selected fitness centers with random sampling. All of the subjects were included in the study with voluntariness principle. Pre-test and post-test method was used in order to conduct a more illustrative study. In the study; a personal information f

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

Assessing the psychometric properties of persian version of Zarit Burden interview among family caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis

Hajar Haghshenas, Zeinab Jokar, Ladan Zarshenas et al. · 2023 · BMC Nursing

Abstract Background Caring for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes a great burden on caregivers and affects their lives in various aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Persian version of 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) among family caregivers of patients with MS. Methods This methodological study was conducted in Fars province, southern of Iran. For this purpose, 120 family caregivers were recruited to participate in the study from January to March 2022. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was translated into Persian through forward–backward method. F

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01260-6
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAccounting. Bookkeeping

The Effect of Performance Evaluation System Dimensions on Organizational Results: A Financial Approach and Organizational Capabilities

Seyedeh Raja Ghalebi, Shokrollah Khajavai, Ali Mahmoodi · 2025 · Iranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance

The comprehensive Performance Measurement System (PMS) clearly emphasizes the managers' role by explaining strategic purposes and various dimensions of performance. The present study aims to analyze empirical evidence about the effect of managers' emphasis on a particular type of function and complexity levels of PMS on its benefits and organizational performance based on Levers of Control (LOC) and Contingency Theory (CT). The study was conducted in 46 companies active in Persian Gulf Petrochemical Holding in 2022. Results from data modeling using partial least squares structural equations in

View details →DOI: 10.22067/ijaaf.2025.45563.1471
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

The Timing of the Melatonin Onset and Phase Angle to Sleep Onset in Older Adults after Uncontrolled vs. Controlled Lighting Conditions

Arturo Arrona-Palacios, Jung-Hie Lee, Charles A. Czeisler et al. · 2023 · Clocks & Sleep

The main aim of this study was to explore how melatonin onset timing and phase angle to bedtime in healthy older adults are impacted by prior light exposure. A total of 13 healthy older (ages 56–74) individuals were studied on two successive evenings. Prior to the first evening, the participants were in self-selected lighting conditions for the first 4–6 h of the day and then were in dim light (3 lux) until their scheduled bedtime. On the second day, individuals from Project A remained in the dim lighting conditions throughout the entire day but those in Project B were in more typical indoor l

View details →DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030026
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture (General)

Índíces de conforto térmico e concentração de gases em galpões avícolas no semiárido Paraibano Indices of thermal comfort and gases concentration in broilers houses in the semiarid region, Brazil

Dermeval A. Furtado, Herlucio P. Rocha, José W. B. Nascimento et al. · 2010 · Engenharia Agrícola

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de determinar os índices de conforto térmico e a concentração de gases no interior de galpões avícolas e suas influencias sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte comercias, em condições de verão, na região semiárida paraibana. Utilizaram-se dois aviários, um coberto com telha de cerâmica e outro coberto com telha de fibrocimento. Observou-se que não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre a temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR), temperatura da água de bebida (Tágua) e da cama entre os galpões, sendo que os valores médios de TA (das 8h às 17h

View details →DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69162010000600001
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens

The Mechanism of Gefitinib Resistance Induced by Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Sensitive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells in Vitro

Xianglan XUAN, Changshan AN, Caicun ZHOU · 2013 · Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer

Background and objective Previous studies have reported that Met might be related to gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aims to explore the mechanism of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced gefitinib resistance in different gene types of sensitive NSCLC in vitro. Methods The PC-9 and H292 cell lines were chosen and induced by HGF. The cell survival was measured using MTT assay, the cell cycle distribution was measured using PI assay, and cell apoptosis with an Annexin V-PE assay, respectively. The c-Met and p-Met protein expression was determined vi

View details →DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.01.01
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Improved recording of work relatedness during patient consultations in occupational primary health care: a cluster randomized controlled trial using routine data

Salla Atkins, Tiia Reho, Nina Talola et al. · 2020 · Trials

Abstract Background Prolonging working careers is a key policy goal in ageing populations in Europe, but reaching this goal is complex. Occupational health services are in the best position to contribute towards prolonging working careers through preventing illnesses that cause work disability and early retirement. However, impacting on the trajectory between illness and work disability requires continuity of care and follow up, enabled through identifying patients at risk. We aimed to determine whether a combined educational and electronic reminder system in occupational health care could imp

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4168-8
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTherapeutics. Pharmacology

Stress perception among the elderly and its effect on some muscle strength parameters

Shaheen Akhtar, Sanjeev Verma, Navinder Pal Singh et al. · 2023 · National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Background: With improvement in living conditions in the population and the availability of treatments for various communicable and non-communicable diseases, the life expectancy and consequently the elderly population have increased. Stress leads to mental and physical problems. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of stress on muscle functions in the elderly. Materials and Methods: One hundred apparently healthy persons (50 males and 50 females) took part in the study. Perceived stress scale was used to measure their level of stress. Maximum voluntary contraction

View details →DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11517202219122022
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Risks of Propofol-based Total Intravenous Anesthesia Compared with Local Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in The Lower Extremity

Wejpisit Wongwiwattananon, Jatuporn Pakpirom, Raviwan Akarapatima · 2020 · Journal of Health Science and Medical Research (JHSMR)

Objective: This study aimed to determine the risks of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) compared to local anesthesia (LA) in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in a lower extremity. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 231 patients who underwent PTA in the lower extremity using either propofol-based TIVA or LA between January 2016 and September 2018. The outcomes of interest included perioperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and minor perioperative complications. Risk factors analysis was performed using a uni

View details →DOI: 10.31584/jhsmr.2020747
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEnglish language

On the Effect of Diagnostic Self-, and Peer-assessment on Reading Comprehension: Examining EFL Learners’ Diagnostic Rating Accuracy across Various Genres

Masoome Azmoode Sis Abad, Gholam-Reza Kiany, Gholam-Reza Abassian · 2024 · Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies

The present research responds to the call for implementing diagnostic assessment through learner involvement. This study followed two aims: first, examining the distinctive effects of diagnostic self- and peer - assessments on EFL learners’ reading comprehension; second, exploring students’ diagnostic rating accuracy in various reading genres. To achieve this, a number of diagnostic reading comprehension tests and a checklist were developed, the construction of which were based on the learners’ challenging reading subskills. The participants include 60 English translation university students.

View details →DOI: 10.30479/jmrels.2023.18703.2204
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPublic aspects of medicine

Impact of Telehealth on Glycemic Control in People Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ahmed M. Aman Allah, Waad M. Malibarey, Sarah S. Bin Baz et al. · 2025 · The Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research

Introduction: Telehealth is a potential method for improving the quality of care for people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In Saudi Arabia, there is limited research on the effectiveness of telehealth for glycemic control compared to usual care. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the impact of telehealth on glycemic control in individuals diagnosed with T2D, with a specific focus on the examination of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values. Methods: A retrospective case-control cohort study was conducted between January and August 2024 on people diagnosed with T2D who were manag

View details →DOI: 10.1159/000544061
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Effects of Ozone and Prophylactic Antimicrobial Applications on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

Özer Alkan, Burcu Oktay Çöven, Betül Özçopur et al. · 2017 · Turkish Journal of Orthodontics

Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone and prophylactic antimicrobial applications on the shear bond strengths and bond failure interfaces of orthodontic brackets.Methods:Sixty human canine teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=20), receiving the following treatments: Group I-pumice prophylaxis (Isler Dental, Ankara, Turkey)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); Group II-prophylaxis paste (Topex, NJ, USA)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+ Transbon

View details →DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2017.17032
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens

Association of surgical margins with local recurrence in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Joseph Lin, Kuo-Juei Lin, Yu-Fen Wang et al. · 2020 · BMC Cancer

Abstract Background The aim of the current study was to report a single-institution experience using breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), focusing on the association between microscopic resection margin status and locoregional recurrence (LRR). Methods Our institutional prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify patients who were treated with NACT between January 2008 and April 2018. Results Among the main partial mastectomy specimens available for analysis (n = 161), 28 had margins 2 mm. LRR occurred in 16 patients (9.9%) and distant metastases were

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06955-6
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMicrobiology

Association of Maternal Age and Blood Markers for Metabolic Disease in Newborns

Yuhan Xie, Gang Peng, Hongyu Zhao et al. · 2023 · Metabolites

Pregnancy at an advanced maternal age is considered a risk factor for adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Here we investigated whether maternal age could be associated with differences in the blood levels of newborn screening (NBS) markers for inborn metabolic disorders on the Recommended Universal Screening Panel (RUSP). Population-level NBS data from screen-negative singleton infants were examined, which included blood metabolic markers and covariates such as age at blood collection, birth weight, gestational age, infant sex, parent-reported ethnicity, and maternal age at deliver

View details →DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010005
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture

Investigating Carbonate Distribution in Particle Size Components of Some Soils of Khuzestan Province

S. Jafari, M. Karimzadeh, A. Abdeshahi · 2021 · علوم آب و خاک

Characteristics of most soils in arid and semi-arid regions affected by carbonates. The study aimed to determine the distribution of carbonates in the size components of some soils in Khuzestan province. Upward to the bottom of Karun, Karkheh, and Jarahi rivers were studied at depths of 0-50, 50-100, and 150-100 cm. The results showed that the average amount of carbonates in the soils of the Jarahi river basin (37%) was significantly different from the amount in the soils of the other two rivers (33%). Carbonates were observed in all soil size components but the maximum was present in the clay

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDentistry

Comparison Of Transfer Accuracy Among Hexed Implant Mounts, Clips Impression Copings, And Open-Tray Impression Copings at Different Implant Angulations: An In Vitro Study

Merna M. Seif, Ahmed A. Abdel Hakim, Hassan M. Abouelkheir et al. · 2025 · BMC Oral Health

Abstract Background Accurate impression registration is essential for transferring the three-dimensional (3D) implant position to the definitive cast, ensuring passivity of the final prosthesis. Various impression techniques have been developed to optimize accuracy, particularly for angulated implants. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of open-tray impression copings, clips impression copings, and hexed implant mounts in transferring implant positions for both straight and angulated implants. Methods Five implants with different angulations (three at 0°, one at 15°, and one

View details →DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-06304-8
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes patients at a tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study with a two-time-period comparison

Laura Emanuelle da Rosa Carlos Monteiro, Sheila Piccoli Garcia, Leonardo Grabinski Bottino et al. · 2022 · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes hospitalized through the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Materials and methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes hospitalized for DKA from January 2005 to March 2010 (first period [P1], n = 75) and from April 2010 to January 2017 (second period [P2], n = 97) were identified through a query of electronic medical records. Data were collected by reviewing medical records. Only the first hospitalization of each participant in each period was included. Results: In P

View details →DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000480
Negative / Null Result Report

Absence of significant effect of nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation

Xiang Zheng, Yingying He, Minmin Cao et al. · 2025 · Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is one of the most dominant tree species in southern China. However, the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels on soil respiration in subtropical Chinese fir plantations remains…

View details →DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2025-0011
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessSports medicine

Poster 231: Isolated Medial Meniscus Root Tears: A Multicenter Analysis of Prognostic Variables for Achieving Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State after Repair

Mario Hevesi MD, PhD, Alexander M. Boos, Allen Wang et al. · 2024 · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Objectives: Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) render the meniscus essentially non-functional, resulting in increased peak contact pressures, reduced forced dissipation, and increased risk of early osteoarthritis. Transtibial root repair has shown promise at restoring meniscus function and improving clinical outcomes; however, a paucity of literature exists evaluating the prognostic clinical and radiographic factors for poor outcomes following isolated meniscus root repair. The purpose of this study was to 1) describe the patient reported clinical outcomes after isolated MMPRT repai

View details →DOI: 10.1177/2325967124s00200
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Dialysis-associated hypertension treated with Telmisartan--DiaTel: a pilot, placebo-controlled, cross-over, randomized trial.

Matthias Huber, Till Treutler, Peter Martus et al. · 2013 · PLoS ONE

Unlabelled Treatment of hypertension in hemodialysis (HD) patients is characterised by lack of evidence for both the blood pressure (BP) target goal and the recommended drug class to use. Telmisartan, an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that is metabolised in the liver and not excreted via HD extracorporeal circuit might be particularly suitable for HD patients. We designed and conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind and cross-over trial for treatment of dialysis-associated hypertension with telmisartan 80 mg once daily or placebo on top of standard antihypertensive treatmen

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079322
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessOrthopedic surgery

Comparison of peripheral nerve block with local infiltration analgesia regarding walking ability after total knee replacement: A retrospective, propensity-score matched-pair cohort study

Taeko Fukuda, Shinobu Imai, Shunji Simoda et al. · 2020 · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery

Purpose: It is unclear whether perioperative analgesic techniques affect the functional outcome of total knee replacement (TKR). We investigated the effects of peripheral nerve block (PNB) and local infiltration (LI) on walking ability after TKR. Methods: The medical records of 7143 patients who underwent TKR using general anesthesia with PNB or LI techniques were reviewed. Factors affecting independence and/or improvement of walking after surgery were investigated using multivariate regression analysis. To adjust for baseline differences and minimize selection bias for the chosen analgesic te

View details →DOI: 10.1177/2309499020931656
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

HET0016, a selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, decreases pro-angiogenic factors and inhibits growth of triple negative breast cancer in mice.

Thaiz Ferraz Borin, Debora A P C Zuccari, Bruna V Jardim-Perassi et al. · 2014 · PLoS ONE

A selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, HET0016, has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis. 20-HETE has been known as a second mitogenic messenger of angiogenesis inducing growth factors. HET0016 effects were analyzed on MDA-MB-231 derived breast cancer in mouse and in vitro cell line. MDA-MB-231 tumor cells were implanted in animals' right flank and randomly assigned to early (1 and 2), starting treatments on day 0, or delayed groups (3 and 4) on day 8 after implantation of tumor. Animals received HET0016 (10 mg/kg) treatment via intraperitoneal injection for 5 days/week for either 3 or 4

View details →DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116247
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNursing

Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Oxygen Saturation among Hemodialysis Patients Versus Healthy Staff Members

Tarek Mahmoud Shaker Mohamed, Hala Mohamed Abdelhamed Ali, Asmaa Sayed Abd-Almageed et al. · 2022 · International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research

Background: COVID-19 represents a major threat to hemodialysis health life, due to their low immunity, it is essential to wear a face mask to protect them against the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To evaluate the effect of wearing a face mask on oxygen saturation among hemodialysis patients versus healthy staff members.Methods: Research design: a quasi-experimental research design Setting: dialysis units at Mansoura University and New General Mansoura hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample with a total of 190 patients was classified into two equal groups, entitled hemodialysis patien

View details →DOI: 10.21608/ejnsr.2022.247067