e-ISSN: Pending

Browse the failure-mode index

20,261 real negative results, null findings, and replication failures · Negative / Null Result Report. Search the index →

WASTE indexes published research — it does not host or republish full papers. Each entry is a metadata record compiled from open scholarly databases; the abstract is shown in full only where the paper is openly licensed, otherwise a short excerpt under fair use. Classifications are automated and approximate.

Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and nitrate content affected by surface irrigation and fertilizer rate in silage corn fields

Yuchun Liu, Ning Wang, Changsong Jiang et al. · 2020 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Among surface irrigation systems, long border and furrow are more adaptive to mechanized farming but may cause a non-uniform distribution of water and nutrients. In this study, field experiments were carried out in a flat silage corn field in Hebei, China to investigate the uniformity along the length of border or furrow to understand the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil water, electrical conductivity, and nitrate. This will guide irrigation and fertigation management recommendations, land consolidation, and high standard farmland construction. Border and furr

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychiatry

Understanding the developmental impact of psychological maltreatment through the lens of the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology

Meret Sophie Wallimann, Katharina Beck, David Cyrill Lätsch · 2026 · European Journal of Psychotraumatology

Background: Psychological maltreatment is linked to negative developmental outcomes in adolescents. It includes psychological abuse (PA) and psychological neglect (PN), which are commonly studied as a pair. This study applied the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology (DMAP), which conceptualises abuse as a threatening experience involving harm or the threat of harm that primarily impairs social-emotional processing, such as emotion regulation, while it views neglect as deprivation or absence of parental care that predominantly affects cognitive functioning, such as working memory.

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessDiseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system

Effect of fluoroscopy frame rate on radiation exposure and in‐hospital outcomes in three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping guided procedures

Muzaffar Ali, Deepak Padmanabhan, Khalil Kanjwal et al. · 2021 · Journal of Arrhythmia

Abstract Background Fluoroscopic imaging involves exposure of the patients and the laboratory staff to ionizing radiation. One of the strategies that reduce such exposure in an electrophysiology laboratory is using a three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping (3D EAM) system for performing these procedures. In this analysis, we have analyzed the effect of fluoroscopy frame rate on the radiation exposure and in‐hospital outcomes in ablation procedures performed under 3D EAM guidance. Methods We retrospectively analyzed all the ablation procedures performed under 3D EAM guidance at our institute

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNutrition. Foods and food supply

mTOR-autophagy axis regulation by intermittent fasting promotes skeletal muscle growth and differentiation

Chen Xinyan, Wu Yajie, He Shangfan et al. · 2025 · Nutrition & Metabolism

Abstract Intermittent fasting (IF) as a dietary intervention with potential health benefits has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study investigated the effects of varying fasting intensities on skeletal muscle growth using mouse models. Compared to the normal-diet (ND) control group, short-term fasting induced feeding amount-dependent alterations in skeletal muscle autophagy markers, characterized by elevated LC3B expression, reduced p62 levels, and decreased p-mTOR/mTOR ratio. Notably, short-term mild fasting (sMF) significantly upregulated myogenic (MYH, MyoD) and adipoge

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effect of Rapidly Infused Crystalloids on Acid-Base Status in Dehydrated Patients in the Emergency Department

Hakan Hasman, Orhan Cinar, Ahmet Uzun, Erdem Cevik, Loni Jay, Bilgin Comert · 2012 · International Journal of Medical Sciences

Study objective: To compare the effect of normal saline (NS), lactated Ringer's, and Plasmalyte on the acid-base status of dehydrated patients in the emergency department (ED). Method: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of consecutive adult patients who presented to the emergency department with moderate-severe dehydration. Patients were randomly allocated to blindly receive normal saline (NS), lactated Ringer's or Plasmalyte at 20 ml/kg/h for 2 hours. Outcome measures of the study were pH and changes in electrolytes, including serum potassium, sodium, chloride and bica

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture

Incidence of nitrogenous compounds of must on ethyl carbamate formation induced by lactic acid bacteria

José Antonio Suárez Lepe, Carlos Anibal Uthurry · 2007 · OENO One

Aims: Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a toxic compound of major concern for the hygiene quality of wines. Its natural synthesis in wine is connected to the ethanolysis of molecules such as urea (alcoholic fermentation metabolite) and citrulline and carbamyl phosphate (malolactic fermentation metabolites) during ageing. This study reports the effect of adenine, arginine, urea and ammonium phosphate of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo must, on EC synthesis in fermented wine using two lactic acid bacteria strains under different microbiological and physicochemical conditions. Methods and results: EC was

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTechnology

Static Balancing Ability and Lower Body Kinematics Examination of Hungarian Folk Dancers: A Pilot Study Investigating the “Kalocsai Mars” Dance Sequence

Cecília Molnár, Zsófia Pálya, Rita M. Kiss · 2021 · Applied Sciences

Folk dance is a collection of traditional dances that requires years of practicing to perform correctly. The aim of the present study was to develop a complex biomechanical measurement procedure that investigated Hungarian folk dancers’ balancing ability and lower body kinematics through a dance movement called “Kalocsai mars”. Therefore, 11 dancers’ motion (5 female and 6 male; age: 20.5 ± 2.5 years; height: 173.82 ± 7.82 cm; weight: 64.77 ± 8.67 kg) was recorded with an optical-based motion capture system and force platforms simultaneously. Before and after the dancing session, static balanc

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Test-retest reliability and validity of the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire in Denmark.

Daniel Tchemerinsky Konieczny, Alexander Wieck Fjaeldstad, Kristian Sandberg · 2024 · PLoS ONE

While measures to detect psychophysical olfactory ability are a crucial part of clinicians' assessment of potential olfactory loss, it gives no indication of how olfaction is experienced by the patient and these different aspects often deviate substantially. To ensure quality and reproducibility of subjectively reported olfactory experience and significance, the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire (IO-Q) was introduced around a decade ago, and while initial validations have produced promising results, important aspects remain nearly unexamined. For example, the test-retest reliability has ra

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBotany

Dynamic Responses of Ascorbate Pool and Metabolism in Lettuce to Light Intensity at Night Time under Continuous Light Provided by Red and Blue LEDs

Yuan Wen, Lingyan Zha, Wenke Liu · 2021 · Plants

To understand the dynamic changes of hydroponic lettuce growth, ascorbate (AsA) pool and metabolism under two different dark period light intensities (LL, 20 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ; CL, 200 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) of continuous light and normal light (NL, 0 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) provided by red (R) and blue (B) LEDs, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, ascorbate pool size, AsA metabolism-related enzyme activities, and H 2 O 2 contents of lettuce were measured at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, and 72 h after light treatment and the lettuce growth parameters were measured on the 9th day after light trea

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

A Mechanical Stimulation Glove to Induce Hebbian Plasticity at the Fingertip

Fabian Timm, Esther Kuehn, Esther Kuehn et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Repetitive sensory stimulation of the fingertip induces Hebbian plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex that benefits the tactile and motor behavior of the hand in healthy younger adults, older adults, and patients. To use this method outside the laboratory, robust and portable stimulation systems are needed that allow prolonged stimulation phases over several hours without compromising on signal intensity or personal mobility. Here, we introduce two stimulation gloves that apply finger- and frequency-specific mechanical stimulation to individual fingertips over prolonged periods. The stimulator

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEcology

Factors affecting formation of adventitious branches in the seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans

Alexandra Kinnby, Ricardo T. Pereyra, Jonathan N. Havenhand et al. · 2019 · BMC Ecology

Abstract Background In the brackish Baltic Sea, shedding of adventitious branches is central to asexual recruitment of new thalli in the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans. To test which factors influence the formation of adventitious branches in brackish and in more marine conditions, we sampled 29 Fucus sites in the Baltic Sea (salinity 3–11) and 18 sites from the Danish straits, Kattegat, Skagerrak, and the North Sea (salinity 15–35). Separately for each area, we used structural equation modelling to determine which of eight predictor factors (phosphate, nitrate, chlorophyll-a (a

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessBusiness

Analisis Pengaruh Ratio Keuangan dengan Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Properti di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Bambang Sugeng Dwiyanto · 2012 · Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrepreneurship

Bankcruptcy is a very important problem, in which every company should be aware of. It is very important to detect the signs of the coming bankruptcy of the company as soon as possible in order to take effective action to avoid it. One popular model to do so is Z-score, a statistical model to predict bankruptcy based on company financial performance. This paper deals with the analysis of the financial performance of property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. However, in previous research it was found that there is no strong correlation between the companies financial performanc

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Body Mass Index and Risk of Prostate Volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, Maximum Urinary Flow Rate, and Post-Void Residual in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients

Bing-Hui Li, Tong Deng, Qiao Huang et al. · 2019 · American Journal of Men's Health

The objective of this study was to evaluate association between body mass index (BMI) and prostate volume (PV), international prostate symptom scores (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate ( Q max ), and post-void residual (PVR) of Chinese benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. All newly diagnosed BPH patients between September 2016 and August 2018 were selected and 788 patients were included. According to BMI, the patients were categorized into four groups, while according to PV, IPSS, Q max , and PVR, they were categorized into two groups based on clinical significant cutoffs. Univariable a

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessInfectious and parasitic diseases

The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 gene plays a critical role in the fitness of ticks fed on cattle during acute Babesia bovis infection

Knowles Donald P, Ueti Massaro W, Bastos Reginaldo G et al. · 2010 · Parasites & Vectors

Abstract Background Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus is an economically important tick of cattle involved in the transmission of Babesia bovis , the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. Commercial anti-tick vaccines based on the R. microplus Bm86 glycoprotein have shown some effect in controlling tick infestation; however their efficacy as a stand-alone solution for tick control has been questioned. Understanding the role of the Bm86 gene product in tick biology is critical to identifying additional methods to utilize Bm86 to reduce R. microplus infestation and babesia transmission. Ad

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessTechnology

Verification of Utilizing Nanowaste (Glass Waste and Fly Ash) as an Alternative to Nanosilica in Epoxy

Awham Jumah Salman, Zahraa Fakhri Jawad, Rusul Jaber Ghayyib et al. · 2022 · Energies

Silica is considered one of the most prevalent components in the Earth’s shell and is synthesized for use in technological applications. Nevertheless, new methods for finding a better, cheaper, and more ecologically friendly supply of silica with less energy consumption are unavoidable. This study investigates whether nanopowders made from waste with a great silica amount (fly ash and glass) can be utilized as fillers in an epoxy glue to enhance its characteristics. Four different contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) of nano–fly ash, nanoglass, and nanosilica powder were introduced into the sample

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes relações lisina digestível: proteína bruta Performance and carcass yield of broiler in the period from 22 to 42 days of age fed diets with different digestible lysine: crude protein ratios

Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas et al. · 2008 · Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias alimentados com rações formuladas com diferentes relações lisina digestível:proteína bruta (PB). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, segundo um modelo com dois critérios de classificação hierárquica. Foram utilizados 1.200 pintos de corte machos, linhagem Cobb, criados até 21 dias de idade. Depois desse período, as aves foram uniformizadas por peso (média de 879 ± 17 g) e distribuídas nas parcelas experimentais. As dietas foram isonutritivas, exceto quanto aos níveis

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessManagement. Industrial management

DETERMINANTS OF AUDIT FEE AT PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS IN EAST JAVA

Nurkholis Nurkholis, Gede Krisnawan · 2019 · Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen

This study examines the determinants of audit fee at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in East Java, Indonesia. The determinants tested in this study consist of audit size, complexity, audit risk, non-audit services, and internal control. Respondents in this study are external auditors at KAP. Based on the convenience sampling method, the total sample in this study amounted to 60 respondents. This research uses Structural Equation Model (SEM) with SmartPLS analysis tool. The results indicate that audit size has a significant positive effect on the audit fee. Meanwhile, complexity, audit risk, non-

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine (General)

Effects of positive end expiratory pressure during laryngeal mask airway anesthesia on respiratory parameters and abdominal pain in cataract surgery

Reza Imashi, Ali Akbar Ghamari, Shaghayegh Dadman et al. · 2023 · Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on respiratory parameters and abdominal pain in patients ventilated with a laryngeal mask during cataract surgery. Methods: This clinical trial study included 80 patients in need of cataract surgery (40 in the group without PEEP and 40 in the group with PEEP at 5 cmH2O) who underwent laryngeal mask ventilation during general anesthesia. The parameters of dynamic compliance, pressure peak (Ppeak), tidal volume, SpO2, EtCO2, heart rate, non-invasive blood pressure, and abdominal pain we

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Relevance of navel quality of day-old chick on organ development, initial performance, and bacterial presence

Mariana Cristina Vieira, Henrique Carneiro Lobato, Laryssa Fernanda Bernardes et al. · 2025 · Poultry Science

This study aimed to evaluate effects of day-old chick navel quality on the absorption of the residual yolk sac, visceral development, macroscopic organ alterations, yolk sac bacterial presence and performance of broilers up to 14 d of age. A total of 372 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were classified as first or second-grade based on navel quality. First-grade chicks were chicks with the yolk sac completely retracted and a fully healed dry navel, without any further abnormality. Second-grade chicks were chicks with incomplete healed navels, based on the presence of residual yolk membrane or a bl

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Effect of different levels of alpha tocopherol on performance traits, serum antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements in Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) under low ambient temperature

Assar Ali Shah, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Sarzamin Khan et al. · Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

ABSTRACT This study was designed to find the effect of vitamin E supplementation on growth, serum antioxidant enzymes, and some trace elements in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under low ambient temperature. A total of 180 day-old Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups and provided with 0 (group A), 50 (group B), 100 (group C), and 150 IU/kg (group D) vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol acetate) under an average temperature of 9±0.5 °C for an experimental period of 42 days. The result showed that feed intake per day, body weight, weight gain per day, and feed conversion rat

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPlant culture

In Strawberries, Calcium Uptake and Water Soaking Are Negatively Related

Grecia Hurtado, Kristian Pineda, Moritz Knoche · 2025 · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

Water soaking is a common disorder of field-grown strawberries, and its incidence can be severe. Calcium (Ca) sprays reduce susceptibility to water soaking. Vascular import of Ca to developing strawberry fruit decreases during development as a result of progressive xylem dysfunction. Calcium sprays can raise Ca levels in late-stage strawberry fruit. The objective of this study was to quantify Ca uptake through the fruit skin. Submerging fruit in calcium chloride (CaCl2) solutions increased both the mass of Ca per fruit and the mass of Ca per fruit dry mass. There was no effect of CaCl2 solutio

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Neuromuscular dynamics during isometric knee contractions: effects of target force, knee angle, and tibial rotation on force steadiness

Han Yuan, Maeng-Kyu KIM · 2025 · Scientific Reports

Abstract This study investigated neuromuscular variations across low to moderate target force levels, three knee joint angles and tibial rotation positions, examining their correlations with muscle morphology and their collective impact on force steadiness (FS). Twelve young adult males performed knee extension tasks under three different tibial rotation conditions: internal rotation (IR), neutral rotation (NR), and external rotation (ER). All tasks involved submaximal isometric contractions at the knee joint. Participants performed submaximal isometric contractions at three knee joint angles

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture (General)

The Effect of Marketing Mix and Reference Group on Chicken Nugget Preference Through Brand Image

R. Syaprudin, Megawati Simanjuntak, Heny Kuswanti Suwarsinah · 2023 · Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis

Due to the increasingly fast-paced lifestyles and busy lives of urban citizens, the demand for chicken nuggets has continued to rise. This study aims to analyze the effect of the marketing mix (product, place, price, promotion) and the reference group on consumer preference for chicken nuggets through the brand image formed in the market. The respondents consisted of 251 individuals who were selected through voluntary sampling. These respondents were people who had consumed Fiesta and So Good brand chicken nuggets in the last three months. Data were collected through an online questionnaire an

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEngineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON GROWTH, YIELD, SOME MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS CONTENT OF MAIZE PLANT (Zea mays, L.) IN SALT AFFECTED SOILS

M.M.A. Bader, H.Z. Abd El-Salam, M.R. Mohamed et al. · 2004 · Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering

Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of Agricultural Research Station at Tag EI·Ezz Dakahlia Governorate during 2000 and 2001 seasons. The used soil was salt affected one. The research aims to study the effect of N-NO'3, N-NH+4 or N-urea on yield and some characters of maize plant as well as macro-micronutrients content in ear leaves at maturity stage (physiological stage) and seeds. Single hybrid CS 10 of maize was used as testing plant within two seasons (2000 and 2001) and the soil salinity levels were 1.69, 5.3 and 11.10 dS/m in 2000, and 1.69, 5.43 and 11.10 ds

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine

Application and limitation of a biological clock-based method for estimating time of death in forensic practices

Akihiko Kimura, Yuko Ishida, Mizuho Nosaka et al. · 2023 · Scientific Reports

Abstract Estimating time of death is one of the most important problems in forensics. Here, we evaluated the applicability, limitations and reliability of the developed biological clock-based method. We analyzed the expression of the clock genes, BMAL1 and NR1D1, in 318 dead hearts with defined time of death by real-time RT-PCR. For estimating the time of death, we chose two parameters, the NR1D1/BMAL1 ratio and BMAL1/NR1D1 ratio for morning and evening deaths, respectively. The NR1D1/BMAL1 ratio was significantly higher in morning deaths and the BMAL1/NR1D1 ratio was significantly higher in e

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPsychology

Pembelajaran E-Learning Perkembangan Anak di Jurusan Psikologi

Riza Noviana Khoirunnisa, Damajanti Kusuma Dewi, Desi Nurwidawati · 2018 · Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan

Conventional learning method is viewed to be less effective because it poses the problems of space and time. Information Technology offers a method for more effective online learning called e-learning. This research aims to develop e-learning for the module of Child Development at Department of Psychology Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This study was a developmental research project that used the method of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This model was chosen because the stages of its development are deemed appropriate especially for the refinement and implemen

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture (General)

Combined effects of landscape composition and pesticide use on herbivore and pollinator functions in smallholder farms

Quentin Struelens, Diego Mina, Olivier Dangles · 2021 · CABI Agriculture and Bioscience

Abstract Background Landscape composition has the potential to foster regulating ecosystem services such as pollination and biocontrol in temperate regions. However, most landscape studies do not take pesticide use into account even though it is the main control strategy worldwide and has negative impacts on beneficial insects. Moreover, few studies have explored these combined effects in smallholder cropping system with diverse landscapes and small cultivated fields. Methods We assessed the effect of semi-natural cover and pesticide use on pollinator and herbivore abundances and functions in

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAnimal culture

Evaluation of production efficiencies at pasture of lactating suckler cows of diverse genetic merit and replacement strategy

S. McCabe, N. McHugh, N.E. O’Connell et al. · 2020 · Animal

Feed costs account for the largest proportion of direct cost within suckler beef production systems. By identifying the cow type with enhanced capability of converting grazed herbage to beef output across lactations, suckler cow systems would become more efficient and sustainable. The objective of this study was to estimate grass DM intake (GDMI) and production efficiency among lactating suckler cows of diverse genetic merit for the national Irish maternal index (Replacement Index) which includes cow efficiency components such as milk yield and feed intake. Data from 131 cows of diverse geneti

View details →
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessAgriculture

The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Melilotus officinal Flowers on Bleeding Time in Male and Female Rabbits

Hassan Toama Mohamed, Ali Sami Amen · 2012 · Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

The present study aimes to examining the effect of the ethanolic extract of Melilotus officinalis flowers on bleeding time ,WBC and RBC count .Total number in males and females adult rabbit eighteen, (9 males and 9females ) are randomly divided into three equal groups (3 males and 3females per group). The first (control) is drenched normal saline while the second and third groups are drenched the ethanolic extracted (20 and 50mg/ml/kg of B.W) for 24 hours. The results reveal significant increase in bleeding time in third group followed by the second group compared with the control while RBC an

View details →