Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Mike Zhang, Ali Basirat, Desmond Elliott · 2026 · arXiv
Prior work establishes that controlled contrastiveness between self-generated responses from large language models, set via reward scores, improves downstream preference tuning in English. We extend this method to multiple languages and evaluate two models across a total of 14 high and low-resource languages on a diverse set of tasks. Our central finding is that cross-lingual contrastive preference tuning on self-generations (CroCo) transfers without language-specific preference annotation. A reward model trained on English preferences (atop a multilingual base) produces useful within-language
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Aaron Baier-Reinio, Hans De Sterck · 2020 · arXiv
We use neural ordinary differential equations to formulate a variant of the Transformer that is depth-adaptive in the sense that an input-dependent number of time steps is taken by the ordinary differential equation solver. Our goal in proposing the N-ODE Transformer is to investigate whether its depth-adaptivity may aid in overcoming some specific known theoretical limitations of the Transformer in handling nonlocal effects. Specifically, we consider the simple problem of determining the parity of a binary sequence, for which the standard Transformer has known limitations that can only be ove
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Escoffier, Hedhli, Campos-Juanatey et al. · 2026 · The French journal of urology
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in surgery, but its role in reconstructive urology remains insufficiently studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the theoretical knowledge of several AI platforms and compare their…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.fjurol.2026.103150 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Rui Xing, Qi Chai, Jie Ma et al. · 2026 · arXiv
Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often relying on cultural knowledge for interpretation. However, existing multimodal hate speech datasets suffer from coarse-grained labeling and a lack of integration with surrounding discourse, leading to imprecise and incomplete assessments. To bridge this gap, we propose an agentic annotation framework that coordinates seven specialized agents to generate hierarc
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Zhiwei Jia, Xuanlin Li, Zhan Ling et al. · 2022 · arXiv
Generalization in deep reinforcement learning over unseen environment variations usually requires policy learning over a large set of diverse training variations. We empirically observe that an agent trained on many variations (a generalist) tends to learn faster at the beginning, yet its performance plateaus at a less optimal level for a long time. In contrast, an agent trained only on a few variations (a specialist) can often achieve high returns under a limited computational budget. To have the best of both worlds, we propose a novel generalist-specialist training framework. Specifically, w
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Jiamin Xu, Jacqueline Maasch, Kyra Gan · 2026 · arXiv
Online reinforcement learning (RL) relies on the Markov property for guaranteed performance, but real-world applications often lack well-defined states given raw observed variables. While causal RL has attracted growing interest, existing work typically assumes Markovian states are provided and focuses on using causality to accelerate learning, leaving a fundamental gap: \emph{given a longitudinal causal graph over observed variables, how does one construct MDP states that provably satisfy the Markov property?} We address this by providing a procedure that constructs a provably minimal state r
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Lily H. Zhang, Rajesh Ranganath · 2023 · arXiv
Methods which utilize the outputs or feature representations of predictive models have emerged as promising approaches for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection of image inputs. However, these methods struggle to detect OOD inputs that share nuisance values (e.g. background) with in-distribution inputs. The detection of shared-nuisance out-of-distribution (SN-OOD) inputs is particularly relevant in real-world applications, as anomalies and in-distribution inputs tend to be captured in the same settings during deployment. In this work, we provide a possible explanation for SN-OOD detection failur
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Zhaofeng Wu, Shiqi Wang, Boya Peng et al. · 2026 · arXiv
Modern language models demonstrate impressive coding capabilities in common programming languages (PLs), such as C++ and Python, but their performance in lower-resource PLs is often limited by training data availability. In principle, however, most programming skills are universal across PLs, so the capability acquired in one PL should transfer to others. In this work, we propose the task of zero-shot cross-programming-language transfer for code RL. We find that, for Llama-3.1, RL training for code generation in a source PL fails to improve, and sometimes even degrades, the performance on othe
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Bonasia K, Luong S, Stairs J et al. · 2026 · International urogynecology journal
Introduction and hypothesis Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are associated with increased risk of postpartum complications, including short- and long-term dyspareunia and sexual dysfunction. The primary aim of this analysis is to…
View details →DOI: 10.1007/s00192-025-06234-7 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Wang Y, Jia Z, Jiao J et al. · 2025 · Gynecologic oncology
Objective To assess the use of prophylactic ureteral stent for preventing ureteral injury in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. Methods This retrospective study included 304 patients with cervical cancer who…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.07.022 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Li YC, Wang JY, Lei MJ et al. · 2026 · Health science reports
Background and aims To inquire the effect of extending the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to 18-24 months on the prognosis of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary…
View details →DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.71887 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Idoudi S, Hassan AF, Kheraldine H et al. · 2026 · Scientific reports
Ketamine (KET) exhibits potential anticancer activity, with enhanced cytotoxicity against melanoma cells when combined with the permeation enhancer dodecyl maltoside (DDM). To support clinical translation, this study evaluated the…
View details →DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-46828-9 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Griffin AJ, Jungers JM · 2025 · Field Crops Research.
Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium; IWG) is a perennial, cool-season grass undergoing domestication as a grain and forage crop. Intercropping perennial legumes with IWG could reduce synthetic N fertilizer inputs, improve…
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Moraes LGDS, Oliveira VC, Macedo AP et al. · 2025 · The International journal of prosthodontics
Purpose To evaluate the antibiofilm action of 2.5 mg/mL peracetic acid (PA), 0.5 mg/mL cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and 160 mg/mL N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against multispecies biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus,…
View details →DOI: 10.11607/ijp.9133 Negative / Null Result Report
saboul H, Lesage V, Beernaert L et al. · 2025 · Preprint
Abstract Methods: A prospective randomized trial was conducted from October 26, 2022, to September 15, 2023, involving 101 patients randomized into two groups: the interventional group received POCUS (pulmonary and inferior vena cava…
View details →DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6371377/v1 Negative / Null Result Report
Davila-Piñón P, Díez Martín AI, Nogueira-Rodríguez A et al. · 2025 · Preprint
Background: /Objectives: Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems are increasingly used in endoscopy to enhance lesion recognition. PolyDeep is a CADe/x tool previously assessed in an observational study. The aim of our study is to…
View details →DOI: 10.20944/preprints202509.1104.v1 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMedicine
Bouman Z, De Vries F, De Ruiter M et al. · 2026 · Endoscopy international open
Background and study aims Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a widely used medical examination. Despite the short duration of this procedure, many patients experience anxiety, pain, and discomfort. The aim of this study was to examine effects…
View details →DOI: 10.1055/a-2794-0424 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
García-García M, Mosqueda J, Escobar-Cabrera JE et al. · 2025 · Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
A recent clinical case involving a Poecilotheria regalis bite was treated with Mexican L. mactans antivenom (Aracmyn Plus, Silanes, Mexico), resulting in the improvement of some of the symptoms. This could be attributed to cross-reactivity…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108543 Negative / Null Result Report
Belak L, James K, Auguste L et al. · 2026 · Preprint
ABSTRACT Background Hypertension is a leading modifiable cardiovascular risk factor prominently influenced by health-related social needs (HRSN). Whether detailed information on HRSN can improve identification of hypertension among…
View details →DOI: 10.64898/2026.06.12.26355558 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Baumann AN, Chatzis K, Son E et al. · 2026 · Spine
Study design Retrospective single-center study. Objective We aim to compare the prognostic capacity of postoperative T4-L1PA mismatch versus T4PA and L1PA alone. Summary of background data The assessment of T4-L1PA mismatch, the difference…
View details →DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000005752 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Li YH, Cheng YC, Chang CY et al. · 2026 · Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
Objectives: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown potential for medical image classification. We evaluated four optimization strategies in two MLLMs-GPT-4o (gpt-4o-2024-08-06) and Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite-for ultrasound-based…
View details →DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics16121931 Negative / Null Result Report
Kishimoto T, Nakashima R, Kawano K et al. · 2026 · Preprint
Alveolar capillary endothelial cells are positioned adjacent to the alveolar epithelium and contribute to lung homeostasis and injury responses. Single-cell studies have identified aerocyte capillary endothelial cells (aCap), which are…
View details →DOI: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724387 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Klaps S, Verbrugghe J, Goossens N et al. · 2026 · BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
Background To compare the effects of a multimodal whole-body high-intensity training (HIT) program versus a moderate-intensity training (MIT) program on inspiratory muscle function in persons with chronic nonspecific low back pain…
View details →DOI: 10.1186/s13102-026-01773-y Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Biccirè FG, Arbustini E, Ozaki Y et al. · 2026 · Atherosclerosis
Background and aims Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is largely acknowledged as the main mechanism of acute coronary syndrome. However, the prognostic significance of plaque rupture detected in nonculprit coronary sites remains largely…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.120681 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Wisetmongkolchai T, Somboonchai P, Piromlertamorn W et al. · 2026 · JBRA assisted reproduction
Objective To investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation in aging mice on the oocyte number and in vitro fertilization outcomes. Methods Thirty-two to forty-week-old aging female mice were randomly assigned into two groups, with…
View details →DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20260024 Negative / Null Result Report
Straumann S, Heidt T, Uhor F et al. · 2026 · Preprint
Abstract Background: High-altitude rescue operations expose Emergency Medical Services (EMS) teams to hypobaric hypoxia, which may impair cognition and team performance. However, its effect on the overall quality of prehospital emergency…
View details →DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9268709/v1 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Virhammar J, Fasth O, Ekblom M et al. · 2026 · The Lancet. Neurology
Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a potentially reversible cause of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence, typically in adults aged 60 years or older. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00126-2 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Vasileiou D, Tsironi K, Konstantonis D et al. · 2026 · European journal of orthodontics
Objectives To evaluate the validity of digital manual and automated structural superimposition on the anterior cranial base using Björk's two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric method. Secondary aims included assessing repeatability and…
View details →DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjag008 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Gilbert DL, Aschbacher-Smith LE, Migneault KY et al. · 2026 · Pediatric neurology
Background Children and youth with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) commonly experience motor, behavioral, and cognitive problems. Promising findings from an NF1 mouse model suggested that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) might address…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2026.04.024 Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Fellers C, Storm BC · 2026 · Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
Across two experiments, we investigated the effects of cognitive offloading on prospective memory (PM). Participants performed two PM tasks, either relying on internal memory for both (Dual PM condition) or using an external reminder for…
View details →DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001630 