Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Linda Qerimi, Sarah Malone, Eva Rexigel et al. · 2025 · arXiv
Visual-graphical qubit representations offer a means to introduce abstract quantum concepts - such as quantum state, superposition, or measurement - in an accessible manner, particularly for learners with low prior knowledge. Building on a previous expert rating of mechanisms of qubit representations, this study compared two representations - Bloch sphere and Quantum Bead - in terms of learning outcomes, task performance, cognitive load, and mid-term retention. The study was conducted with N=149 school students. The study assessed conceptual understanding, application-oriented task performance
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Jun-Shuai Wang, Chang Liu, Ju Chen et al. · 2025 · arXiv
In this work, we systematically investigate the capability of space-based gravitational wave detectors in constraining parameters of non-tensor polarization modes. Using Bayesian inference and Fisher Information Matrix methods, we analyze gravitational wave signals from the inspiral phase of supermassive binary black hole mergers. By starting with time-domain signals and applying Fourier transforms, we avoid the use of the stationary phase approximation. We found an asymmetry in the estimation of the vector-mode parameter $α_x$ at inclination angles $ι= 0$ and $ι= π$, which has not been explic
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Jingchao Fang, Victoria Xiaohan Wen, Mina Lee · 2026 · arXiv
The growing capability of artificial intelligence (AI) leads to its increasing adoption in writing, spurring discussions around whether writers should disclose their AI use in writing. What influences the perceived necessity of disclosure? We look into this question from three dimensions: perspective (reader or writer of the text), purpose (the goal of reading or writing), and procedural factors (how AI was used in the writing process in terms of replaceability, effortfulness, intentionality, and directness). In a vignette study (N = 727), we find that readers consider disclosure to be more ne
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
A. Mainzer, J. Bauer, R. M. Cutri et al. · 2014 · arXiv
NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft has been brought out of hibernation and has resumed surveying the sky at 3.4 and 4.6 um. The scientific objectives of the NEOWISE reactivation mission are to detect, track, and characterize near-Earth asteroids and comets. The search for minor planets resumed on December 23, 2013, and the first new near-Earth object (NEO) was discovered six days later. As an infrared survey, NEOWISE detects asteroids based on their thermal emission and is equally sensitive to high and low albedo objects; consequently, NEOWISE-discovered NEOs tend to
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics
H. Sherry Zhang, Dianne Cook, Nicolas Langrené et al. · 2024 · arXiv
The projection pursuit (PP) guided tour optimizes a criterion function, known as the PP index, to gradually reveal projections of interest from high-dimensional data through animation. Optimization of some PP indexes can be non-trivial, if they are non-smooth functions, or when the optimum has a small "squint angle", detectable only from close proximity. Here, measures for calculating the smoothness and squintability properties of the PP index are defined. These are used to investigate the performance of a recently introduced swarm-based algorithm, Jellyfish Search Optimizer (JSO), for optimiz
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Wenqing Zhang, Trang Nguyen, Elizabeth A. Stuart et al. · 2025 · arXiv
Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological assessments, promising to transform evidence synthesis. Here, using causal mediation analysis as a representative methodological domain, we benchmarked state-of-the-art LLMs against expert human reviewers across 180 full-text scientific articles. Model performance closely correlated with human judgments (accuracy correlation 0.71; F1 correlation 0.97), achieving
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Ni, Adams, Momenaei et al. · 2026 · Ophthalmology. Retina
To assess the effect of prophylactic treatment of lattice degeneration on retinal break and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) risk in fellow eyes of patients with bilateral lattice degeneration treated for retinal break(s) without RD…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2026.06.016 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Zhangkai Cao, Shuning Tan, Ji Liu et al. · 2025 · arXiv
Motivated by significant discrepancies between experimental observations of electron-doped cuprates and numerical results of the Hubbard model, we investigate the role of nearest-neighbor (NN) electron interactions $V$ by studying the $t-U-V$ model on square lattices. Upon doping $δ$= 0.153, by using constrained path quantum Monte Carlo (CPQMC) method, we find that NN electron attraction $V$ can notably drive an exotic $p$-wave spin-triplet pairing, while the NN electron repulsion $V$ will suppress the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave ($d$-wave) pairing and triggers the $d_{xy}$-wave pairing. Especially in
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Dustin Eisenhardt, Timothy Schaumlöffel, Alperen Kantarci et al. · 2026 · arXiv
Deep learning models for computer vision often suffer from poor generalization when deployed in real-world settings, especially when trained on synthetic data due to the well-known Sim2Real gap. Despite the growing popularity of style transfer as a data augmentation strategy for domain generalization, the literature contains unresolved contradictions regarding three key design axes: the diversity of the style pool, the role of texture complexity, and the choice of style source. We present a systematic empirical study that isolates and evaluates each of these factors for driving scene understan
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
Marco Caliendo, Nico Pestel, Rebecca Olthaus · 2023 · arXiv
We study the long-term effects of the 2015 German minimum wage introduction and its subsequent increases on regional employment. Using data from two waves of the Structure of Earnings Survey allows us to estimate models that account for changes in the minimum wage bite over time. While the introduction mainly affected the labour market in East Germany, the raises are also increasingly affecting low-wage regions in West Germany, such that around one third of regions have changed their (binary) treatment status over time. We apply different specifications and extensions of the classic difference
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Steven Soriano, Rodolfo Ostilla-Monico · 2024 · arXiv
The interaction between a vortex and an impacting body which is oriented normally to it is complex due to the interaction of inviscid and viscous three-dimensional mechanisms. To model this process, direct numerical simulations of a thin cylinder intersecting a columnar vortex oriented normally to it are conducted. By varying the impact parameter and the Reynolds number, the two regimes of interaction mentioned in the literature are distinguished: the weak and strong vortex regimes. Low impact parameters, representing strong vortices, led to ejection and interaction of secondary vorticity from
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Antonino Flachi, Masato Minamitsuji · 2009 · arXiv
We discuss the localization of scalar, fermion, and gauge field zero modes on a $3-$brane that resides at the intersection of two $4-$branes in six-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. This set-up has been introduced in the context of brane world models and, higher-dimensional versions of it, in string theory. In both six- and ten-dimensional cases, it has been shown that four-dimensional gravity can be reproduced at the intersection, due to the existence of a massless, localized graviton zero-mode. However, realistic scenarios require also the Standard Model to be localized on the $3-$brane. In
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Dominique Machuletz, Rainer Böhme · 2019 · arXiv
The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires websites to ask for consent to the use of cookies for \emph{specific purposes}. This enlarges the relevant design space for consent dialogs. Websites could try to maximize click-through rates and positive consent decision, even at the risk of users agreeing to more purposes than intended. We evaluate a practice observed on popular websites by conducting an experiment with one control and two treatment groups ($N=150$ university students in two countries). We hypothesize that users' consent decision is influenced by (1) the
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
M. Akbari-Moghanjoughi · 2012 · arXiv
Using the quantum magnetohydrodynamics (QMHD) model, linear dispersion of magnetosonic waves are studied in a quasineutral quantum electron-ion plasma in two distinct regimes of nonrelativistic and relativistic degeneracies considering also the plasma composition effect. It is shown that the paramagnetic spin effects of the degenerated electrons plays a key role in dynamics of magnetosonic waves. The linear wave-speed is found to have minimum value at some degeneracy parameter in such plasmas. This is due to delicate interplay between relativistic degeneracy and the Pauli spin-magnetization. I
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Mohammed Alsobay, David M. Rothschild, Jake M. Hofman et al. · 2025 · arXiv
Group decision-making often suffers from uneven information sharing, hindering decision quality. While large language models (LLMs) have been widely studied as aids for individuals, their potential to support groups of users, potentially as facilitators, is relatively underexplored. We present a pre-registered randomized experiment with 1,475 participants assigned to 281 five-person groups completing a hidden profile task--selecting an optimal city for a hypothetical sporting event--under one of four facilitation conditions: no facilitation, a one-time message prompting information sharing, a
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Leonard Göke, Mario Kendziorski, Claudia Kemfert et al. · 2021 · arXiv
The current governance process to plan the German energy system omits two options to substitute grid expansion: First, placing renewables closer to demand instead of where site conditions are best. Second, utilizing storage instead of additional transmission infrastructure to prevent grid congestion. In the paper, we apply a comprehensive capacity expansion model based on the AnyMOD modelling framework to compare the status quo to alternative planning approaches for a fully renewable energy system. To represent spatiality and fluctuations of renewables, the German electricity sector is modelle
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessMathematics
Birgul Koc, Muhammad Mohebujjaman, Changhong Mou et al. · 2018 · arXiv
For reduced order models (ROMs) of fluid flows, we investigate theoretically and computationally whether differentiation and ROM spatial filtering commute, i.e., whether the commutation error (CE) is nonzero. We study the CE for the Laplacian and two ROM filters: the ROM projection and the ROM differential filter. Furthermore, when the CE is nonzero, we investigate whether it has any significant effect on ROMs that are constructed by using spatial filtering. As numerical tests, we use the Burgers equation with viscosities $ν=10^{-1}$ and $ν=10^{-3}$ and a 2D flow past a circular cylinder at Re
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Xinyi Liu, Weiguang Wang, Hangfeng He · 2025 · arXiv
With the growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) for open-ended tasks, accurately assessing epistemic uncertainty, which reflects a model's lack of knowledge, has become crucial to ensuring reliable outcomes. However, quantifying epistemic uncertainty in such tasks is challenging due to the presence of aleatoric uncertainty, which arises from multiple valid answers. While bias can introduce noise into epistemic uncertainty estimation, it may also reduce noise from aleatoric uncertainty. To investigate this trade-off, we conduct experiments on Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks and
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Lennart Meincke, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick et al. · 2025 · arXiv
This is the third in a series of short reports that seek to help business, education, and policy leaders understand the technical details of working with AI through rigorous testing. In this report, we investigate two commonly held prompting beliefs: a) offering to tip the AI model and b) threatening the AI model. Tipping was a commonly shared tactic for improving AI performance and threats have been endorsed by Google Founder Sergey Brin (All-In, May 2025, 8:20) who observed that 'models tend to do better if you threaten them,' a claim we subject to empirical testing here. We evaluate model p
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Danai Korre · 2023 · arXiv
Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are paradigms of conversational user interfaces in the form of embodied characters. While ECAs offer various manipulable features, this paper focuses on a study conducted to explore two distinct levels of presentation realism. The two agent versions are photorealistic and animated. The study aims to provide insights and design suggestions for speech-enabled ECAs within serious game environments. A within-subjects, two-by-two factorial design was employed for this research with a cohort of 36 participants balanced for gender. The results showed that both th
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Ludovic Huguet, Victor Lherm, Renaud Deguen et al. · 2025 · arXiv
Turbulent thermals emerge in a wide variety of geophysical and industrial flows, such as atmospheric cumulus convection and pollutant dispersal in oceans and lakes. When a buoyant fluid mass rises, or sinks, heat and mass transfers occur by the engulfment of the fresh surrounding fluid inside the thermal - a process that spans over multiple scales from macroscopic entrainment of ambient fluid to microscopic diffusive processes. Turbulent thermals are typically investigated through their integral properties (radius, depth, entrainment rate). However, mixing processes depend on the internal dist
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
N. Nardetto, A. Fokin, P. Fouqué et al. · 2011 · arXiv
Context. Recent observations of LMC Cepheids bring new constraints on the slope of the period-projection factor relation (hereafter Pp relation) that is currently used in the Baade-Wesselink (hereafter BW) method of distance determination. The discrepancy between observations and theoretical analysis is particularly significant for short period Cepheids Aims. We investigate three physical effects that might possibly explain this discrepancy: (1) the spectroscopic S/N that is systematically lower for LMC Cepheids (around 10) compared to Galactic ones (up to 300), (2) the impact of the metallici
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Márton Tápai, Zoltán Keresztes, László Árpád Gergely · 2016 · arXiv
We derive the conservative secular evolution of precessing compact binaries to second post-Newtonian order accuracy, with leading-order spin-orbit, spin-spin and mass quadrupole-monopole contributions included. The emerging closed system of first-order differential equations evolves the pairs of polar and azimuthal angles of the spin and orbital angular momentum vectors together with the periastron angle. In contrast with the instantaneous dynamics, the secular dynamics is autonomous. This secular dynamics reliably characterizes the system over timescales starting from a few times the radial p
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
N. D. Padilla, D. G. Lambas · 2003 · arXiv
We analyse the correlation function of mock galaxy clusters in redshift space. We constructed several mock catalogues designed to mimic the selection biases inherent in a variety of observational surveys. We explore different effects that contribute to the distortion of the clustering pattern; the pairwise velocity distribution of galaxy systems, coherent bulk motions, redshift errors and systematics in cluster identification. Our tests show that the redshift-space clustering pattern of galaxy systems is highly influenced by effects associated with the identification procedure from two dimensi
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Angus Hawkey, Aditya Dash, Xabier Rodríguez-Martínez et al. · 2025 · arXiv
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising thermoelectric material with high power factors after chemical p- or n-doping. Understanding the impact of dopant counterions on charge transport and thermoelectric properties of nanotube networks is essential to further optimize doping methods and to develop better dopants. Here, we utilize ion-exchange doping to systematically vary the size of counterions in thin films of small and large diameter, polymer-sorted semiconducting SWCNTs with AuCl3 as the initial p-dopant and investigate the impact of ion size on conductivity
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Amit Bendkhale · 2025 · arXiv
Verifiable geometric reasoning is a critical component for trustworthy and controllable agentic AI. Despite impressive capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often fail under realistic scene changes. We present Tri-Bench, a compact benchmark of planar triangle problems that isolates relative geometric reasoning while stressing two deployment-critical factors: camera pose (planar vs. tilted) and scene context via object interference (10 everyday objects). To test verifiability and control, we evaluate four recent VLMs using a single, fixed prompt whose guardrail explicitly describes a surr
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Amador Durán, Pablo Fernández, Beatriz Bernárdez et al. · 2023 · arXiv
Context. Software Engineering (SE) has low female representation due to gender bias that men are better at programming. Pair programming (PP) is common in industry and can increase student interest in SE, especially women; but if gender bias affects PP, it may discourage women from joining the field. Objective. We explore gender bias in PP. In a remote setting where students cannot see their peers' gender, we study how perceived productivity, technical competency and collaboration/interaction behaviors of SE students vary by perceived gender of their remote partner. Method. We developed an onl
Negative / Null Result ReportMedicine
Okada, Tominaga, Iwakura et al. · 2026 · Resuscitation
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a public health concern. Whether conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with rescue breathing may improve outcomes compared with compression-only or no CPR in suffocation-related OHCA is…
View details →DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2026.111189 Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessPhysics
Ozgur Akarsu, Suresh Kumar, Shivani Sharma et al. · 2019 · arXiv
We consider the simplest anisotropic generalization, as a correction, to the standard $Λ$CDM model, by replacing the spatially flat Robertson-Walker metric by the Bianchi type-I metric, which brings in a new term $Ω_{σ0}a^{-6}$ (mimicking the stiff fluid) in the average expansion rate $H(a)$ of the Universe. From Hubble and Pantheon data, relevant to the late Universe ($z\lesssim 2.4$), we obtain the constraint $Ω_{\sigma0}\lesssim10^{-3}$, in line with the model-independent constraints. When the baryonic acoustic oscillations and cosmic microwave background (CMB) data are included, the constr
Negative / Null Result ReportOpen accessComputer Science
Arif Ahmed, Gondy Leroy, Agrim Sachdeva et al. · 2026 · arXiv
Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly used for health information, yet its influence on users' trust calibration remains unclear. Objective: This study examines whether learned dependency on GenAI influences trust in AI-generated health information and whether text highlighting reduces overreliance on incorrect outputs. Methods: Two randomized controlled experiments were conducted with 338 college students and 563 Amazon Mechanical Turk participants. Both experiments used a 2 by 2 between-subjects design manipulating information accuracy (correct versus incorre
